1,722,294 research outputs found
ADLAB:aspetti di un progetto sull'audiodescrizione
Full text linkIl contributo è interamente dedicato al progetto europeo ADLAB (Audio Description: Lifelong Learning for the Blind) del quale si espongono finalità e natura. Si entra inoltre nel merito di alcuni risultati ottenuti nei primi due anni di lavoro, specialmente per quanto riguarda l'analisi delle esigenze del pubblico, dei testi audio descritti e delle reazioni del pubblico a diverse soluzioni di audio descrizione, e ci si sofferma su quanto ancora bisogna far
New genus of Megalopsalidinae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Monoscutidae) from north-eastern Australia
No full textTaylor, Christopher K., Hunt, Glenn S. (2009): New genus of Megalopsalidinae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Monoscutidae) from north-eastern Australia. Zootaxa 2130: 41-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18833
A profile of audio description end-users. Linguistic needs and inclusivity
No full textThis chapter will focus on audio description (AD) and its principal beneficiaries, the blind and partially sighted community (BPS). The chapter begins by defining blindness and assessing the needs of the BPS. Then, it concentrates on the optimum kind of language to use in description to adapt it in order to create the highest degree of inclusion while at the same time not pandering to the BPS audience, who have shown their dislike for any kind of compromise or condescension. Inclusion must mean that BPS experience a visual product in as similar a way as possible to a sighted audience, in line with the concept of universal design whereby AD would be a built-in component of an audio-visual product. We will illustrate the preferences, shared needs, wishes and dissatisfactions expressed by the BPS, based on survey results conducted within the EU project ADLAB PRO – elements that we consider should be tackled to ameliorate the service. We will also address the issue of language simplification in AD for audiences with special needs relying on the research carried out within the EU project EASIT. Finally, the issue of non-discriminatory language is discussed before illustrating the future expectations of end-users
Predictability in Film Language: corpus assisted research
No full textThe question of predictability in film language has been the focus of a number of recent papers by this author (Copenhagen, 2006; Innsbruck, 2006; Saarbrucken, 2007) and by others. This paper will continue to explore those specific identifiable characteristics of film language that distinguish it from genuine spontaneous discourse. It will then begin a search for predictability patterns within the film language genre both in terms of typology (westerns, love stories, historical dramas, etc.) and in terms of typical cinema scenes (breakfast table chat, courtroom sequences, telephone conversations, etc.). It is surmised that once predictability patterns can be observed in the repeated use of specific lexis or expressions in particular circumstances, reasonably confident predictions can be made about how language may be used should such circumstances re-occur. The question of predictability may prove to be useful for the translator of film texts
The multimodal approach in audiovisual translation
No full textThis section will explore the multimodal approach to audiovisual translation. It must first be stressed, however, that most research on multimodality has not as yet focused on questions of translation. The Routledge Handbook of Multimodal Analysis edited by Carey Jewitt (2009), which contains articles by most of the leading figures in the field, while representing a major step forward in multimodal studies, does not tackle translation head on. The word ‘translation’ does not even appear in the index. Over a relatively short time span, most of the major contributions to the field have been more purely linguistically based and intent on providing keys to the understanding of the interplay of semiotic resources (words, images, gesture, music, light, etc., see O’Toole, 1994; Kress & van Leuwen, 1996; Martinec, 2000; Unsworth, 2001; Baldry & Thibault, 2001, 2005, 2006, etc.). The work of these scholars, however, has provided an impetus to developing ideas on how to exploit multimodal analyses in the area of AVT. Thibault’s work, for example, on the ‘multimodal transcription’ provided this author with the basis for investigating how the integration of semiotic modalities in a film text could assist the subtitler in making those all-important decisions on what to retain and what to discard when faced with time constraints. Other scholars have studied the co-articulation of verbiage and image (O’Halloran, 2008; Bednarek, 2010), including exponents of systemic-functional linguistics in their discussion of how different modalities realize social functions and make meaning. It is important to supplement purely linguistic analyses with studies of all the other semiotic resources that make up a multimodal text. Findings will inevitably be reported verbally but the analyses need to explore the concept of integration and how other resources can interact with language. It is the relevance of these studies to translation that forms the focus of this section.
Studies on multimodality have had some effect on audiovisual translation (cf. proceedings of the MuTra conference, 2006 on Audiovisual Translation Scenarios), but the field is so vast that it would be true to say that only the surface has been scratched and much deeper digging is required. For example, the multimodal transcription, as adapted for AVT research, has proved useful in sensitizing students to the intricacies of translating film texts, etc., but is totally impractical for AV texts of more than a few minutes’ duration. For this reason the concept of phasal analysis (Gregory, 1985; Malcolm, 2011) has been superimposed on the multimodal transcription theory to provide a more manageable tool of analysis. This approach enables the translator to identify homogeneous ‘phases’, both continuous and discontinuous, within a multimodal text and to recognize register changes, character traits, and elements of cohesion and coherence that, if ignored, can lead to inconsistencies in translation. Although this methodology too is in its infancy and much further research is required, the technological advances that have accompanied the growth in multimodal research, providing us with multimodal corpora and relational databases, will undoubtedly accelerate the process.
So, notwithstanding the fact that the enormous potential of multimodality studies for the field of AVT has not yet been fully tapped, work is currently being pursued. The above-mentioned Routledge Handbook, and other respected volumes on multimodality (Jones & Ventola, 2008; Baldry & Montagna, 2009) provide an excellent basis for those wishing to graft multimodal analyses onto the methodology of audiovisual translation studies. The modes, to use Gunther Kress’s term, that make up multimodal texts together design a multimodal product. The choice of modes is crucial in that different modes can do different things and there are things that cannot be done by certain modes in certain cultures. These are the areas that should interest translators, together with the ability to identify different aspects of meaning in different modes and be sensitive to the atmosphere, the tensions and the emotions that multiomodal texts can engender. It is the organization of content and expression in a multimodal text that provides the key to its meaning and the means for its translation
Notes on Phalangiidae (Arachnida: Opiliones) of southern Africa with description of new species and comments on within-species variation
No full textTaylor, Christopher K. (2017): Notes on Phalangiidae (Arachnida: Opiliones) of southern Africa with description of new species and comments on within-species variation. Zootaxa 4272 (2): 236-250, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4272.2.
Mud crabs crack the big time
No full texttag=1 data=Mud crabs crack the big time
tag=2 data=Taylor, Christopher
tag=3 data=Territory Harvest
tag=4 data=2
tag=5 data=3
tag=6 data=November 1991/February 1992
tag=7 data=7-10.
tag=8 data=FISH
tag=9 data=MUD CRAB
tag=13 data=IN
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