26 research outputs found
Measurement of photo-neutron cross sections and isomeric yield ratios in the 89Y(γ,xn)89−xY reactions at the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 65, 70 and 75 MeV
No full textAbstract
The flux-weighted average cross sections of the 89Y(γ,xn; x=1–4)89−x
Y reactions and the isomeric yield ratios of the 87m,gY, 86m,gY, and 85m,gY radionuclides produced in these reactions with the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 65, 70 and 75 MeV have been determined by an activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique using the 100 MeV electron linac in Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea. The theoretical 89Y(γ,xn; x=1–4)89−x
Y reactioncross sections for mono-energetic photonshave been calculated using the computer code TALYS 1.6. Then the flux-weighted theoretical values were obtaind to compare with the present data. The flux-weighted experimental and theoretical 89Y(γ,xn; x=1–4)89−x
Y reaction cross sections increase very fast from the threshold values to a certain bremsstrahlung energy, wherethe other reaction channels open up. Thereafter it remains constant a while and then slowly decreases with the increase of cross sections for other reactions. Similarly, the isomeric yield ratios of 87m,gY,86m,gY and 85m,gY in the 89Y(γ,xn; x=2–4)89−x
Y reactions from the present work and literature data show an increasing trend from their respective threshold values to a certain bremsstrahlung energy. After a certain point ofenergy, the isomeric yield ratios increase slowly with the bremsstrahlung energy. These observations indicate the role of excitation energy and its partitioning in different reaction channels.</jats:p
Women's voices: The journey towards cyberfeminism in Iran
No full textThe working paper looks at the history of Iranian media by and for women, culminating in cyberfeminism. The main focus are women's websites and cyber campaigns dedicated to improving women's rights, and how they helped to mobilize Iranian women's movements. There are two main case studies: The main case study on websites is the "Feminist School" as an important site for feminist discourse and women's movements managed from inside Iran. The main case study in relation to cyber campaigns is the "My stealthy freedom" campaign which is undertaken from outside Iran. Through these two case studies, the paper aims to answer the following questions: To what extent and how do these sites provide strategic opportunities for the Iranian women's movement to advocating gender equality and women's rights? And did the cyber campaign help to build coalitions between women's movements inside Iran and diaspora activism outside of Iran? The case studies are based on the author’s earlier work on the history of the women' movement, interviews with leaders and directors of women's websites and directors of mobilizing cyber campaigns along with self-reflective and discourse analysis of the websites and campaigns. A biography of the author can be found here: (http://www.pen-deutschland.de/en/themen/writers-in-exile/ehemalige-stipendiaten/mansoureh-shojaee/
Investigation of the Effect of Proton Energy on the Depth-dose Distribution in the Proton Therapy of the Eye Tumor Using MCNPX Code
No full textIntroduction: Depth-dose distribution curve of protons in the matter has a maximum is called Bragg peak. Bragg peak of a monoenergetic proton beam is too narrow. The spread out Bragg peak should be created for full coverage of the tumor. The spread out Bragg peak is obtained in the depth of the tumor with superposition of the several Bragg peaks. The aim of this study was coverage of an eye tumor in the proton therapy while healthy eye tissue absorbs less radiation.
Methods: In this analytical study, the simulations were performed using MCNPX code. A tumor in the eye phantom was considered. The eye phantom has been irradiated with different proton beam energy. A Polystyrene modulator wheel was used for creating the spread out Bragg peak in the tumor region.
Results: Bragg peaks were created in different depths of the tumor, by varying the proton beam energies from 20 MeV to 38 MeV. Bragg peak of the 32.85 MeV proton beam energy was precisely placed at the end of the tumor. Different pristine Bragg peaks were produced using a Polystyrene modulator wheel with different thicknesses and 32.85 MeV proton beam energy. The spread out Bragg peak was created in the tumor region by modulation of the pristine Bragg peaks. Neutrons and photons are produced by the inelastic nuclear interactions of protons with the nuclei of different tissues of eyes. The flux and absorbed dose of secondary neutrons and photons were considerably small compared to the depth-dose distribution of protons and the total absorbed dose in the tumor was more than other tissues of eyes.
Conclusion: Using a modulator wheel the tumor can be treated, so that the minimal damage reaches the surrounding tissues. The results show that more than 92% of the total dose of secondary particles and protons is absorbed in the tumor
Fabrication of multi-purpose probe to investigate the influence of ohmic magnetic field on density gradient in plasma
No full textMeasurement of cross sections and isomeric yield ratios for
No full textThe flux weighted average cross sections and the isomeric yield ratios of 110m, gIn, 111m, gIn and 112m, gIn in the natIn(,xn) 112-110In reactions with the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 65, 70 and 75 MeV have been determined by activation and off-line -ray spectrometric technique using the 100 MeV electron linac at Pohang accelerator laboratory, Korea. It was found that the natIn(,xn) 112-110In reaction cross sections increase very fast from the threshold energy to a certain value of the bremsstrahlung energy, where the other reaction channel opens. After a certain energy, it remains constant because the cross section of the other reaction channel starts to increase. This indicates the partition of the excitation energy in different reaction channles. The isomeric yield ratios of 110m, gIn, 111m, gIn and 112m, gIn in the natIn(,xn) reactions decrease very fast with the bemsstrahlung end-point energy from the threshold value to 15-30 MeV due to the giant dipole resonance (GDR) effect. Above that, the isomeric yield ratios increase slowly with the bremsstrahlung energy due to the increase of excitation energy
Study the scientific outputs in the field of Persian Gulf in Scopus during 1996-2015
No full textBackground and aim: Findings from studies on science assessment and evaluation are the most important tools for planning and policy-making in each country; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the scientific output in the field of Persian Gulf in Scopus during 1996-2015.
Material and methods: This descriptive survey study was performed using scientometrics method. The study population was the indexed articles in Scopus with keyword of Persian Gulf from 1996 to 2015. Data were analyzed using analytical tools in Scopus and SPSS 21.
Findings: The results have shown that all 2667 documents written by 84 countries have been published in 160 journals with 27 different fields. The average growth rate of annual outputs was 22.5% in the world, 17.5% in the Middle East and 39.2% in Iran. Moreover, 23.8% of the documents have one author and documents with three or two authors are in the next ranks. Most scientific outputs are related to the field of "medicine".
Conclusion: In the last 20 years, we are faced with significant growth in scientific outputs in the field of Persian Gulf. Although Iran has the most scientific outputs in this field, the qualitative evaluation of scientific outputs published by this country via indices of "the average number of citations of articles" and "h-index" has indicated their low effectiveness, which should be paid attention
Effects of the Modulator Wheel and Range Compensator Wheel for 3-Dimentional Coverage Target in the Proton Therapy of the Brain Tumors Using Geant4 Code
No full textCritical Discourse Analysis in MahsaMoheb Ali's novel "Do Not Worry" from GenderPerspective
No full textLiterature is an artistic re-creation of the hidden side of the society’s realities. The hidden corners of society are usually neglected in official narrations, historical and cultural books, etc., or do not have the opportunity to appear. While literature, especially fiction, offers a good platform to express these issues with women enjoying a lion’s share of such narrations because they have been marginalized in different ways throughout history. The escape from male rigid structures in the evolution of history has been accompanied by ups and downs for women, and along with the changes in society, the situation of women has changed every decade.According to the circumstances, each author has taken a special position in this regard. Some women writers have reproduced gender ideologies, etc., whereas some have a critical attitude towards it, and a third group look for the foundation of a new plan. MahsaMoheb Ali is one of the writers of the eighties, who though protesting against gender ideologies, does not let the text of her stories tell this issue, and sometimes allowing for an escape from femininity and imitation of masculine behaviors which leads to sometimes erroneous analyzes. The text-based nature of Fairclough's approach makes this theory suitable for examining the story Do Not Worry. On the other hand, according to researchers, Fairclough's approach in the field of discourse analysis has the most comprehensive and coherent topics in this field. So this article uses descriptive methods and library resources to find which gender position “Do not Worry” chooses. The results of the present study show that the narrator's behaviors and speeches in protest against the patriarchal and patriarchal society are prevalent.
Socio-political Islam & revivalism in Malaysia
No full textMuslims have responded to modernism with various forms of revivalism that emphasized social development. Malaysia’s response began in 1955: “The supreme law of the country, the Federal Constitution, the Constitution, or the State Constitution, declared Islam the official religion in Malaysia” (Razak 2016, 5). The government built two roads to pluralism: (1) the socio-political highway (e.g., teachers of Islam were licensed by an official religious department); (2) understanding Islam with official approaches to al-Qur’an and al-Hadith. This paper attempts to answer two questions: (1) What reality rather than interpretation of pluralism guided their social institutions? and (2) What socio-political dimensions and Islamic movements influenced and/or reinforced ‘Malaysian’ versus ‘Malay Muslim’ identity? The author explores perceptions of radicalism vs. moderation (wasatiyyah) by highlighting intellectual frameworks demonstrate elements of radical-political Islam in support of moderation leading to Islamic revivalism
