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Strategie di politica industriale e settori strategici. Un’analisi applicata al caso degli Stati Uniti.
No full textIn the last few years, with the onset of the global economic crisis, industrial policy has appeared in the political and academic debate with a renewed vigour. In this contest industrial policy seems to be thought of as a long run strategy oriented to achieving important societal goals. In some ways this can be considered as a new approach to industrial policy, since several governments, including the United States, have re-considered their role in contemporary productive dynamics in favour of a more coherent and structured policy intervention, compared to the past. Jointly to horizontal policies, coherent with a market-oriented development, industrial policy has had a vertical impact, promoting specific economic sectors considered as strategic for the future well-being of the society.
This paper describes firstly the strategic industrial policy approach and the related concept of strategic sector. In the second part, it is proposed an empirical method to identify strategic sectors as an attempt to mitigate the government failures and make the industrial policy intervention more rigorous. Finally, the method of analysis will be applied to the United States case, looking for the industries that can be considered as strategic for the American economy
Economic structure, power and institutions: A conceptual framework for analysing the historical transformation of US industrial strategy
No full textAn industrial strategy emerges from possibilities for structural change, that depend on material constraints and opportunities afforded by economic structure, the distribution of power in society, and the institutional arrangements organized at the political level. Building on a structural political economy perspective, this article develops a Structure-Power-Institutions (S-P-I) conceptual framework to describe how economic structure, the distribution of power, and institutions interact through a “circular process”, which is useful for analysing the historical transformation of industrial strategy. In this framework, an industrial strategy refers to the institutional arrangements through which the government manages emerging conflicts or agreements between different powers and influences structural change. As an illustrative case study, the S-P-I framework is applied to analyse the historical transformation of US industrial strategy from the era of Alexander Hamilton to that of Donald Trump
La politica industriale negli Stati uniti. Il dibattito teorico, la retorica e le pratiche nell'era del Washington Consensus
No full textInterpersonal relationships, human development, and the trajectory of economic change: a social constructionist perspective
No full textThe development of the human being and of the institutional and economic structures in which he or she lives does not take shape from the single individual, nor from society as a whole, but from the relationships between people within their daily life contexts, where aspirations, ideals, values, suffering, love, and solidarity, amongst other things, can be expressed and regarded. By adopting a social constructionist perspective, this article aims to describe the peculiar, irreplaceable role of interpersonal relationships in human development and economic change. By transmitting specific meanings, values, knowledge, and skills to individuals, interpersonal relationships—as highly personalised human interactions—can directly bolster people’s well-being, empowerment and resilience, foster cooperation, and prosocial behaviours, and shape the actions taken at the social, political and economic levels. This approach enriches the perspective on human development advanced by the literature on the capability approach and is adopted in the paper as a profitable lens for interpreting the process of structural change, making explicit the relevance of interpersonal relationships in shaping the trajectory of economic change
POLITICA INDUSTRIALE NEGLI STATI UNITI. Teoria, pratiche e una proposta per mitigare i “Government Failures”
No full textIn recent years, especially during the global economic crisis, the industrial policy has emerged in political, academic, and public debate as one of the main topics in the promotion of socio-economic development. Alongside this “rebirth”, however, the difficulty of the government to implementing effective and efficient interventions has been highlighted.
The main goal of this work is to understand, through the study of the American case, the characteristics and the major causes of the failures of the industrial policy, in order to formulate new proposals to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the interventions.
The first part of the thesis describes the dominant theoretical approaches to public intervention. Reinterpreting this debate, this work illustrates how industrial policy should be considered, how State and Market can coexist, and in which way government intervention can be a tool to amplify the collective benefits arising from the productive dynamics.
The second part of the work focuses on the historical reality, analyzing the US industrial policy since the early 80s to the first term of the Obama administration. In order to understand the role that can be played by government in modern economies, the study of the American case is extremely relevant. In fact, while the “traditional” rhetoric of the government, rooted in the US since the years of the Washington Consensus, has always rejected the industrial policy, it has been a constant presence in the history of American development. Therefore, in this scenario it is necessary to overcome the ideological debate on public intervention, and improve the ability of governments to respond to the challenges raised by the contemporary context.
Starting from these considerations, the third part of the work focuses in particular on problems related to the promotion of strategic sectors. In this area a proposal to mitigate the vulnerability of the government in the defining of the policy goals is presented. The main idea developed is to establish a set of criteria to support public decision-makers in the identification of strategic sectors, thus promoting a more rigorous and transparent procedure of decision-making. In this regard, it is built a statistical tool - the Strategic Sector Index (SSI) – which synthesizes the value of different sectoral variables and provides a ranking of the strategic sectors for a given economy on the basis of policy priorities
Modelos de gestión de centros tecnológicos sectoriales: elementos de un análisis comparado
Full text linkEl presente estudio se propone contribuir al desarrollo de una reflexión sobre los centros tecnológicos sectoriales, elaborando tanto elementos conceptuales como sugerencias de orden práctico que pueden ser relevantes para el diseño y la implementación de estos centros. Entre los elementos conceptuales se discuten, sus funciones y características; su relación con el contexto local y los principales elementos críticos que intervienen en su gobernanza.
Desde el punto de vista práctico, las experiencias analizadas permiten extraer conclusiones relevantes acerca de la relación entre los mecanismos de financiamiento y los servicios ofrecidos; las modalidades de gestión del conocimiento, con especial énfasis por las políticas de patentamiento y licenciación; la vinculación con el sistema productivo y con las universidades; la gestión de los recursos humanos y el uso de herramientas de gestión administrativas.Resumen .-- Introducción .-- I. Referencias a la teoría de la innovación .-- II. Elementos generales para la caracterización de los centros tecnológicos .-- III. Mapa de los centros analizados .-- IV. Aspectos relevantes en la gestión de los centros tecnológicos sectoriales .-- V. Conclusiones
Industria, governo, mercato. Lezioni americane
No full textUna retorica diffusa descrive gli Stati Uniti come la terra del libero mercato e gli americani come cittadini per cultura non abituati alle interferenze del governo. Un’analisi attenta degli interventi e delle politiche promosse dai governi nella storia dell’industrializzazione americana suggerisce una visione diversa. Il libro propone un’originale rilettura di lungo periodo del «caso americano», con l’obiettivo di offrire materiale di riflessione sul ruolo che i governi nazionali potrebbero avere nel rispondere alle domande di crescita, innovazione e cambiamento del nostro complesso presente
Governo e Industria negli Stati Uniti. Le pratiche del passato e il dibattito sulle politiche del presente
No full textSince 2008, as an instinctive reaction, governments of most industrialized countries have promoted actions as attempts to offer solutions to many problems that the crisis was opening. Furthermore, this resurgence of industrial policy has also reopened an old debate both on the role of government in industry and on its failures. In fact, neo-interventionism has immediately fed an unconditional opposition to the public hand, based on the typical arguments of the government failures literature. This paper inserts itself within this debate. In particular it studies the industrial policy and the historical experience of the American case. It highlights specific circumstances and government actions that could be useful for future researches and it provides new empirical insights that may be particularly important in the debate on present industrial policy. In this scenario, the analysis of current practices and the historical re-reading of the past ones are suggested as an antidote to the deviations of a debate that has often been characterized by prejudicial and ideological positions.
The work starts from Hamilton’s ideas about the US industrial policy, and shows all the various stages of industrialization, up to the present days of the second President Obama. From the days after the political independence, when the US wanted to gain industrial and economic independence, to catching-up and to the achievement of global leadership. Two hundred and fifty years of history, two hundred and fifty years of government practices in favor of the national industry
Sviluppo della manifattura e politiche industriali. La via coreana
No full textIn recent years, the political and academic debate on the role of government in the economy has been re-launched in many industrialized and emerging economies, in an attempt to address the issues raised by the crisis. This paper continues to reflect on the efficiency and effectiveness of industrial policies focusing on the particular experience of South Korea. The analysis of the Korean notable industrial development and of the latest interventions of the government in the economy, is proposed as an important step to understand contemporary industrial policy. In particular, the aim of the work is to highlight the peculiarities of the Korean industrial policy, trying to identify which elements can contribute to mitigate government failures and to enhance the effectiveness of industrial policies
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