1,721,083 research outputs found
Productivity, equity, and sustainability: A trilemma for contemporary human development?
No full textProductivity, equity and sustainability are regarded as 'essential components' in the human development paradigm. They reflect structural aspects of an economic system and create the material conditions for widespread human development and wellbeing. Nevertheless, the consistency among these principles is significantly questioned in the economic literature, depicting a potential 'trilemma' for contemporary human development. This paper analyses the ability of different economies to consistently advance productivity, equity, and sustainability. A new composite indicator - the Human Development Structural Consistency (HDSC) index - is introduced to measure the integrated performance in productivity, equity and sustainability of 66 economies from 2006 to 2019. The analysis shows a general progressive improvement in the ability of economies to advance the three structural components of human development consistently, although the three measures continue to appear incompatible with each other, whereby the process of economic growth is still associated with rising environmental degradation and a weak contrast to inequalities. This paper discusses the possible policy solutions to this 'trilemma', such as the structural changes necessary to ensure that improvements in productivity are accompanied by rising equity, sustainability, and effective human wellbeing
Price strategies and entry deterrence in the municipal solid waste disposal industry: a signalling game
No full textThe study of Armco iron corrosion process in inhibited sulphuric acid solutions by means of E.I.S. technique
No full textSome causes of the differences in the corrosion rates between solution analysis and application of Stern-Geary relationship to EIS techniqe are shown for iron acid corrosion inhibition in the presence of different organic S-containing additives.
The possible relationship between the structure or the anodic behaviour of the additive and equivalent circuit of the corrosion process is investigated
A quantitative ecological analysis of the law: a new methodological approach to legal studies on environmental matters
No full textThe main characteristic of economic analyses of law is
the adoption of economic efficiency as the essential cri terion in analysing and evaluating the effects of laws.
However, contemporary environmental challenges oblige
us to radically reconsider not only the legal norms under lying social behaviours but also the methodological
approach and the founding principles through which
said norms are defined and evaluated. This aspect lays
the grounds for a new discipline which could be called
quantitative ecological analysis of the law, aimed at
quantifying the short- and long-term ecological benefits
derived from the introduction of a law. This article devel ops and discusses the prospect of a quantitative ecologi cal analysis of the law as a methodological approach
useful in formulating and evaluating environmental
laws. The methodological approach proposed in this
article is applied to analysing two new environmental
laws and quantifying, in analytical terms, the ecological
benefits that could derive from the hypothetical introduc tion of these laws in the Italian legal system
La politica industriale contemporanea tra crisi economica e impatto ambientale. Un’applicazione al caso dell’industria manifatturiera negli Stati Uniti
No full textLe questioni ambientali e la necessità di offrire soluzioni alla Crisi economica hanno stimolato negli ultimi anni una nuova domanda di politiche pubbliche – e in particolare di politiche industriali – rivolte congiuntamente alla sostenibilità e alla crescita (Arrow et al., 1995; OECD, 2011; World Bank, 2011; Mazzucato, 2013; Cappellin et al., 2014). In diversi paesi si è assistito per certi versi a una rinascita della politica industriale, 1 motivata dalla ricerca di nuove opportunità di sviluppo economico e dalla necessità di promuovere l’avanzamento tecnologico finalizzato allo sfruttamento di fonti energetiche alternative e alla riduzione dei consumi di energia (Smil, 2008; Armaroli e Balzani, 2011a, 2011b; Delucchi e Jacobson, 2011; Setti e Balzani, 2011; Bugamelli et al., 2014; Frey, 2014).2 Tuttavia lo scenario in cui l’azione pubblica si trova a essere definita e implementata si presenta quanto mai complesso. Gli orizzonti prioritari di intervento – come quello economico e quello ambientale – tendono in alcuni casi ad entrare in conflitto tra loro, mostrando l’esistenza di potenziali trade-off tra le diverse necessità politiche (Armaroli e Balzani, 2011a; Princen, 2005). In questo contesto l’efficacia e l’efficienza della politica industriale si confrontano con la capacità di trovare strumenti di analisi della realtà produttiva in grado di guidare - in modo trasparente e democratico - i processi di definizione delle azioni di policy, individuando i target e gli strumenti di intervento maggiormente in grado di rispondere a selezionate priorità politiche.3 E’ in quest’ottica di ricerca di nuove pratiche in grado di migliorare l’efficienza e l’efficacia della politica industriale che in questo lavoro proponiamo un caso studio sugli Stati Uniti, presentando un’analisi originale della realtà produttiva americana e della sostenibilità del proprio sviluppo
Effects of multi-strains yeast supplementation on health and performances in male Holstein calves
No full textIntroduction. Use of antibiotics in livestock production has become a sensitive issue due to the reported cases of antibiotic resistance to pathogens in humans [1]. A correct and specific diet in beef cattle breeding cycle plays a key role to grant a better health and welfare of the animals [2]. The use of yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular) in the diet of livestock animals, it is now a well-established practice [3, 4] and the positive effects obtained are known [5].
Animals, materials and methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the health and the performances of young male dairy calves (17±3d) after S. cerevisiae and C. jadinii fractions product supplementation. At a commercial farm, 158 veal calves were enrolled and divided in two groups balanced for live weight: a control group (CTR) 57 animals (no supplementation) and a treated one (TRT) 101 animals (multi-strains yeast supplementation). Both groups were fed with a mixture of milk replacer (chemical composition %: CP 19, EE 17, ash 8) from 400 to 2600g/h/d in 4-16L/h/d, and grain mix with chopped straw (chemical composition %: CP 13.5, EE 3.2, CF 8.2, ash 4.1, DM 88) from 100 to 3500g/h/d. For TRT multi-strains yeast was added in the milk replacer: 5g/h/d during the first 30d, then 3g/h/d until d90. The diet was the same for both groups from d90 to 190 (slaughter). For all animals, mortality, morbidity (veterinary treatments) and individual carcass weights were collected. Blood parameters (Hg, RDW, MCV; d30, 73, 115, 150) and electrophoresis for blood protein characterization (d47, 118) were analysed in 23 randomly selected animals (12 CTR and 11 TRT). On sampled animals, body weights were measured (d0, 47, 82). All data were subjected to AOV procedure then T-test when significant differences were detected.
Results and discussion. Health of calves was improved, but no difference was observed in mortality. Morbidity was reduced from 56% in CTR to 38% in TRT (P<.05), with a reduction of number of chronic animals (≥2 treatments per animal) by 50% (P<.05, table 1). Numerically, the reduction of veterinary treatments was mainly due to reduction of enteric treatments in TRT (-26%). Sampled animals’ ADG was impacted. ADG in TRT was 263g/d and 321g/d higher than in CRT (P<.01) from d0 to 47 and 47 to 82 respectively. Total carcass weight was numerically higher in TRT (+3.4%) than in CTR. Content of total proteins was higher in TRT (P<.01), with higher percentage of γ-globulins (P<.01) and higher percentage of α1-globulins (P<.01). These analyses are in favour of a better activated immune system of veal calves in TRT. No differences were observed on RDW and MCV. No differences in Hg average concentration, but more homogeneity in TRT.
Table 1. Therapies carried out during the trial.
CTR TRT P
% healthy calves (0 treatment) 43.9b 63.4a <.05
% animals treated once 26.3a 21.8a
% animals treated twice or more (chronic) 29.8a 14.9b
Conclusion. This study demonstrates that the addition of multi-strains yeast supplement in the milk replacer during the first 90d of the lifecycle improved the health of veal calves. These results are in line with reduction in use of antimicrobial treatments in farms.
References: [1] Langford et al. (2003) J. Dairy Sci. 86:3963-3966; [2] Heinrichs et al. (2011) J. Dairy Sci. 94:336-341; [3] Alugongo et al. (2017) J. Dairy Sci. 100:1189-1199; [4] Xiao et al. (2019) Animals. 9:4; [5] Robinson et al. (2009) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 149:185-98
Politica industriale e priorità settoriali in Cina. Un’analisi della presenza strategica del governo in industrie chiave
No full textMenadione nicotinamide bisulphite as a source of vitamin K and niacin activities for the growing pig
No full textWhen compared with other menadione derivatives such as menadione sodium bisulphite (MSB), menadione nicotinamide bisulphite (MNB), an organic salt combining menadione and nicotinamide, shows better stability towards physical and chemical factors once it is added to pre-mixes or foods. The present work evaluates the bioavailability of the two vitamins present in this compound and toxicity in the pig. To assess vitamin bioavailability, pigs were given small amounts of food containing MNB or equivalent amounts of MSB and nicotinamide in the free form. Menadione and nicotinamide concentrations in blood samples drawn-at set times after the diets were given did not reveal any significant differences between the two modes of administration. Haematic levels of both vitamins in animals receiving MNB, or MSB and nicotinamide, were after 2, 4, 8 and 12 h higher (P < 0.001) than those of untreated animals. The tolerance level to MNB was evaluated in pigs given diets containing graded amounts of MNB (100, 500, 2500 mg/kg) for 28 days. No significant (P > 0.05,) differences were recorded in live weight, food intake and gain/food ratio in pigs given these diets when compared with those given an unsupplemented diet. Haemoglobin and bilirubin levels did not differ between animals given various amounts of MNB and control animals. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in pigs given 100 mg/kg of MNB did not show significant differences when compared with those observed in pigs given an unsupplemented control diet. In pigs on the diets supplemented with 500 and 2500 mg/kg of MNB there was a significant increase in the two enzymatic activities as compared with controls (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01). In the case of ALT this had disappeared by 28 weeks. MNB is a good source of vitamin K for the pig and does not appear to have any adverse effects, even when administered at levels higher than those normally used in pig food supplementation. © 2000 British Society of Animal Science
Tolerance of high dietary levels of menadione bisulfite-nicotinamide by rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
No full textThe tolerance of menadione bisulfite-nicotinamide (MNB) in rainbow trout fed diets supplemented with graded levels (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) of this vitamin K form for 93 days was studied. Weight gain, weight gain/feed ratio and hematological parameters, such as hemoglobin and bilirubin levels, were similar for control and MNB-fed groups. The weight of liver, kidney and spleen as well as the morphological structure of their parenchyma in MNB-fed trout did not show any detectable modifications as compared to the control group. The results indicate that dietary intake of high levels of MNB exerts no adverse effect on production size of rainbow trout. Therefore, based on the good tolerance and better stability of MNB compared to menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB), we suggest that MNB is a suitable source of vitamin K activity for fish feed manufacture. © 1995
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