23 research outputs found
Valorization of public research results in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)
No full textLes pays membres de l’Union économique et monétaire ouest africaine (UEMOA) font face depuis des décennies à d’énormes défis de développement. Face à cette situation et conscients du rôle clé de la science et de l’innovation dans la création de richesse, de valeur ajoutée et d’emplois, les États de la zone UEMOA ont déployé différents dispositifs en vue de mobiliser la recherche pour contribuer efficacement à la lutte contre la pauvreté et à résoudre les grands défis. Il s’en est suivie alors une accentuation du phénomène de la valorisation des résultats de recherche ces dernières décennies dans les différents pays de l’espace. Cependant, force est de constater qu’en dépit de la multiplicité et de la diversité des actions et initiatives entreprises par les différents acteurs, les résultats de recherche publique, tout domaine confondu, sont très peu connus, valorisés et utilisés du grand public dans cet espace sous-régional. Cette thèse traite donc de cette problématique de la valorisation des résultats de recherche publique dans l’espace UEMOA. Elle se propose d’identifier les différents goulots d’étranglements et les disfonctionnements qui minent le système actuel de recherche et de valorisation des résultats de recherche et de proposer des mécanismes adaptés en vue d’accroître son efficacité. La thèse est organisée en deux parties. La première partie analyse le système de valorisation de la recherche publique en vigueur dans les États membres de l’Union. Quant à la seconde partie, elle esquisse des propositions de mécanismes adaptés de valorisation afin de faire de la recherche un tremplin de développement socio-économique des États membres de l’UnionThe member countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) have been facing enormous development challenges for decades. Regarding this situation, and being aware of the key role of science and innovation in the creation of wealth, value addition and jobs, the WAEMU countries have deployed various mechanisms to mobilize research to contribute effectively to the fight against poverty and to resolve major challenges. This has led to an increase in the phenomenon of the valorization of research results in recent decades in the different countries of the region. However, it is clear that despite the multiplicity and diversity of actions and initiatives undertaken by different actors, the results of public research, in all fields, are still not well known, valued and used by the general public in this sub-regional area. This thesis, therefore, addresses the issue of valorization of public research results in the WAEMU region. It aims at identifying the various bottlenecks and dysfunctions that undermine the current system of research and valorization of research results and suggesting appropriate mechanisms to increase its effectiveness. The thesis is organized into two parts. The first part analyses the system of valorization of public research in force in the member States of the Union. The second part, it outlines proposals for adapted valorization mechanisms in order to make research a springboard for socio-economic development in the WAEMU member state
Controllability of the one-dimensional fractional heat equation under positivity constraints
No full textThis is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Communications on Pure and Applied Analysis following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Biccari, U., Warma, M., & Zuazua, E. (2020). Controllability of the one-dimensional fractional heat equation under positivity constraints. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 19(4), 1949-1978.
is available online at https://www.aimsciences.org/article/doi/10.3934/cpaa.2020086In this paper, we analyze the controllability properties under positivity constraints on the control or the state of a one-dimensional heat equation involving the fractional Laplacian (−dx2)s (0 < s < 1) on the interval (−1, 1). We prove the existence of a minimal (strictly positive) time Tmin such that the fractional heat dynamics can be controlled from any initial datum in L2(−1, 1) to a positive trajectory through the action of a positive control, when s > 1/2. Moreover, we show that in this minimal time constrained controllability is achieved by means of a control that belongs to a certain space of Radon measures. We also give some numerical simulations that confirm our theoretical resultsThis project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement NO. 694126-DyCon). The work of the three authors is partially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Award NO: FA9550-18-1-0242. The work of the first and of the third author was partially supported by the Grant MTM2017-92996-C2-1-R COSNET of MINECO (Spain) and by the ELKARTEK project KK-2018/00083 ROAD2DC of the Basque Government. The work of the third author was partially supported by the Alexander von Humboldt-Professorship program, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement NO. 765579-ConFlex, and by the Grant ICON-ANR-16-ACHN-0014 of the French AN
Strengthening nutrition routine data using institutionalized health management information systems for decision making: analysis of best practices and lessons learned from implementation in Burkina Faso
No full textAbstract Strengthening nutrition routine information system is critical to support nutrition programs with relevant data to inform decision-making. This study analyzed the practices and lessons learned from the implementation in Burkina Faso in strengthening nutrition routine data using institutionalized health management information systems for decision making. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in Burkina Faso in 2022 on the capitalization of best practices after 3 years of implementation through documentary review, semi-structured individual interviews with 64 key implementing informants spread over 2 health districts, 2 regional hospital centers and 2 health regions, and a national triangulation workshop with 40 implementing actors, including 20 from the central level, 15 from the decentralized level, and 5 partners. Results The results of the study show the best practices and progress identified: (i) the integration of new routine data elements and nutrition indicators into District Health Information Software (DHIS2), which filled the data gap for adequate monitoring of the nutrition program; (ii) the design and use of the nutrition indicator dashboard; (iii) data validation and performance review sessions which have improved the quality and use of routine data in decision-making; and (iv) decentralization of data entry of monthly activity reports of health facilities. Lessons learned included: (i) conducting a small-scale phase to test the indicators is an important step to take before national scale-up of the indicators; (ii) a participatory approach involving all actors at different levels is important; (iii) advocacy is important to integrate prevention indicators into health facilities information systems in a more curative-oriented health system; (iv) the decentralized entry of data is a best practice that improves data quality in terms of timeliness, completeness, and internal consistency. Conclusion Beyond the inclusion of indicators, special emphasis should be placed on working on data quality. Future experiences in refining routine data related to nutrition-sensitive interventions in the non-health sectors are key next steps that would further contribute to strengthening the national nutrition information system
Reasoning for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the patient population across countries and rounds of data collection, as reported by facility respondents.
No full textReasoning for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the patient population across countries and rounds of data collection, as reported by facility respondents.</p
PPE use: Barriers used when examining COVID-19 suspected patients and correct use of the equipment.
No full textPPE use: Barriers used when examining COVID-19 suspected patients and correct use of the equipment.</p
Service adaptation and IPC measures.
No full textBackgroundAvailability and appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is of particular importance in Low and Middle-Income countries (LMICs) where disease outbreaks other than COVID-19 are frequent and health workers are scarce. This study assesses the availability of necessary PPE items during the COVID-19 pandemic at health facilities in seven LMICs.MethodsData were collected using a rapid-cycle survey among 1554 health facilities in seven LMICs via phone-based surveys between August 2020 and December 2021. We gathered data on the availability of World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended PPE items and the use of items when examining patients suspected to be infected with COVID-19. We further investigated the implementation of service adaptation measures in a severe shortage of PPE.ResultsThere were major deficiencies in PPE availability at health facilities. Almost 3 out of 10 health facilities reported a stock-out of medical masks on the survey day. Forty-six percent of facilities did not have respirator masks, and 16% did not have any gloves. We show that only 43% of health facilities had sufficient PPE to comply with WHO guidelines. Even when all items were available, healthcare workers treating COVID-19 suspected patients were reported to wear all the recommended equipment in only 61% of health facilities. We did not find a statistically significant difference in implementing service adaptation measures between facilities experiencing a severe shortage or not.ConclusionAfter more than a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall availability of PPE remained low in our sample of low and middle-income countries. Although essential, the availability of PPE did not guarantee the proper use of the equipment. The lack of PPE availability and improper use of available PPE enable preventable COVID-19 transmission in health facilities, leading to greater morbidity and mortality and risking the continuity of service delivery by healthcare workers.</div
Facilities with all or most* HCWs vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine across multiple rounds in Bangladesh (July, August, September 2021), Malawi (July, October 2021), and Liberia (July, October 2021).
No full text*Facilities were asked about vaccination uptake among HCWs through a Likert scale (“all”, “most, but not all”, “about half”, “less than half”, “none”), without quantitative references, allowing facility respondents to interpret accordingly.</p
Number of participating facilities with multiple rounds of vaccine hesitancy data collection.
No full textNumber of participating facilities with multiple rounds of vaccine hesitancy data collection.</p
Most common reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among HCWs, as reported by facility representatives in the latest country-specific round of data collection<sup>b'*'</sup>.
No full textMost common reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among HCWs, as reported by facility representatives in the latest country-specific round of data collectionb'*'.</p
Epidemiological trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic in participating countries*.
No full text*Epidemiological trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic is defined by COVID-19 deaths (JHU CSSE COVID-19 Data). Blue bars denote months during which survey data were collected. Numbers within bars denote survey rounds.</p
