27 research outputs found
Amanita abscondita Assyov, Bozok, Taskin & Yarar, sp. nov.
No full textAmanita abscondita sp. nov.</p
Comparison of various extraction conditions in Agaricus bisporus by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) technique
No full textThis study was conducted at Horticulture Department of Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey, during 2011-2012 years to determine volatile aroma compounds of Agaricus bisporus and the most useful extraction technique. Agaricus bisporus is one of the commonly consumed and cultivated edible mushrooms all over the world. Edible mushrooms are consumed for their taste and aroma as well as nutritional characteristics. Therefore, aroma studies on mushrooms are very important. Fresh sample of Agaricus bisporus (Sylvan A15 variety) obtained from Mega Tesnim Mushroom Company, Turkey, was used as material. Volatile aroma compounds were performed by Headspace Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HSGC/MS). Three different extraction methods were examined. Extraction was done at 35 degrees C (Extraction Method 1), 50 degrees C (Extraction Method 2) and 60 degrees C (Extraction Method 3) using heated magnetic stirrer and duration was 20 min. Experiment results showed that EM2 was the most useful method for determining aroma compounds of Agaricus bisporus, 15, 21 and 8 different aroma components were identified through EM1, EM2 and EM3 extraction methods, respectively. Alcohols, acids, ketones, esters, phenol, 2-heptanamine; 2-octanamine; 1,3-benzenediamine, 4-methyl; isopropyl myristinate; 6-chloro-11,11-dimethyl-10,11-dihydro-7, 10-epoxy-7H-cyclohepta [d]-1, 2,4-triazolo [4,3-b] pyridazine; N,N,4-trimethyl-benzene-sulfonamide; 2-methylpyrazolo; 3-(perhydro-1, 4, 2-oxain-4-yl) carbonylpyridine; cis,trans-2, 2'-(1,2-phenylenedivinylene) difuran; benzene and butyroin were determined. 1-Octen-3-ol was found to be the major aroma compound through EM1 and EM2 extraction method at levels of 62.93% and 39.04%, respectively. 2H-Benzimidazol-2-one was identified tobe the major component through EM3 extraction method.Cukurova University Scientific Research Projects Coordinating Office [CU-BAP-ZF2010BAP27]The authors want to special thanks to the Cukurova University Scientific Research Projects Coordinating Office (CU-BAP-ZF2010BAP27) for aroma analyses
Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of true morels (Morchella) reveals high levels of endemics in Turkey relative to other regions of Europe
No full textThe present study was conducted to better understand how the phylogenetic diversity of true morels (Morchella) in Turkey compares with species found in other regions of the world. The current research builds on our recently published surveys of 10 Turkish provinces and the northern hemisphere in which DNA sequence data from 247 and 562 collections respectively were analyzed phylogenetically. Herein we report on phylogenetic analyses of 243 additional collections made in spring 2009 and 2010 from eight additional provinces in the Aegean, Black Sea, central Anatolia, eastern Anatolia and Marmara regions of Turkey. Our analysis revealed that five species within the Esculenta clade (yellow morels) and 15 species within the Elata clade (black morels) were present in Turkey. Our preliminary results also indicate that M anatolica, recently described from a collection in Mugla province in the Aegean region of Turkey, is a closely related sister of M. rufobrunnea; these two species comprise a separate evolutionary lineage from the Esculenta and Elata clades. Nine species of Morchella currently are known only from Turkey, four species were present in Turkey and other European countries and seven species might have been introduced to Turkey anthropogenically. Three of the putatively exotic species in Turkey appear to be endemic to western North America; they are nested within a clade of fire-adapted morels that dates to the late Oligocene, 25 000 000 y ago. Our results indicate that there are roughly twice as many Morchella species in Turkey compared with the other regions of Europe sampled. Knowledge of Morchella species diversity and their biogeographic distribution are crucial for formulating informed conservation policies directed at preventing species loss and ensuring that annual morel harvests are sustainable and ecologically sound
A contribution to Amanita alseides, a recently described European species in the section Vaginatae
No full textThe authors present a contribution to Amanita alseides, so far known from its type specimens from France and Italy. A detailed description is included, based on molecularly supported collections from Bulgaria and Greece, expanding the knowledge on the morphological variability and the distribution of the species
Antioxidant Activities of Some Edible and Poisonous Amanita Species from Turkiye
No full textAmanita is a diverse and important genus of fungi, encompassing species that are edible, poisonous, ectomycorrhizal, or saprotrophic. Antioxidant characteristics of Amanita caesarea, A. citrina, A. franchetii, A. muscaria, A. pantherina, A. phalloides, and A. rubescens were assessed in this study. Fungal specimens were collected from different parts of Turkiye and their identity was confirmed by DNA sequence analyses based on ITS rDNA gene region. The highest concentration of total phenolics (5.45 mg gallic acid equivalent, GAE/g dry matter, dw) was determined in A. rubescens, while A. muscaria had the lowest amount (2.44 mg GAE/g dw). Interestingly, the biological activity of A. citrina was very close to A. caesarea (5.11 mg GAE/g dw). Three distinct approaches, namely DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, were used to study the antioxidant capacities of the different Amanita species. Amanita citrina (21.15 mu mol trolox equivalent, TE/g dw), A. caesarea (66.54 mu mol TE/g dw), and A. rubescens (13.99 mu mol TE/g dw) had the maximum DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP activity, respectively. Except for the top values, ABTS radical scavenging potential ranged between 20.80 and 55.98 mu mol TE/g dw, however, DPPH was in the gap of 11.76-19.79 mu mol TE/g dw. There were significant differences among FRAP results (p < 0.05). Polyphenolic compounds of Amanita species were strongly associated with antioxidant molecules that can be reacted with both DPPH and ABTS radicals (p < 0.05).Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye [118Z640]The authors thank to the the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (Bilateral grant agreement between BAS and TUB & Idot;TAK, project number 118Z640) for the financial support
Volatile Constituents of The Edible <i>Tricholoma terreum</i> in Marmara Region of Turkey
No full textTricholoma terreum is a fungal species which is also commonly consumed and widespread in Turkey. Seventeen aroma compounds were identified with Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Major aroma compounds in T. terreum were as follows; 1-octen-3-ol (37.08 %), (E)-2-octen-1-ol (19.68 %), hexanal (16.00 %), 3-octanone (3.36 %), acetic acid (2.63 %) and (E)-2-octenal (2.27 %). This study is the first report on the volatile aroma compounds of T. terreum in Turkey.Cukurova University Scientific Research (CU-BAP) [ZF2013D10]Authors thanks to Cukurova University Scientific Research Funding (CU-BAP, ZF2013D10) for supported the field work
Yield, quality and enzyme activity of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) grown on different agricultural wastes
No full textIn this study, it was aimed to investigate cultivation of Lentinula edodes by using different agricultural wastes (oak sawdust, poplar sawdust, wheat stalk, peanut shell, corncob and vine pruning waste) and to determine the most suitable growing mixture/mixtures. For this purpose, 12 growing mixtures were tested. Within the scope of the experiment, besides measurement of yield and quality parameters of mushrooms, properties of agricultural wastes and enzyme activities (laccase and cellulase) of mixtures at different periods were measured. Based on results of the study, the highest and lowest amounts of nitrogen were obtained from after harvest (1.71%) and after sterilization (1.34%) periods, respectively. While the highest amount of carbon was at the after-sterilization period (46.6%), the lowest amount was recorded at the after harvest (45.64%) period. The fastest and slowest mycelia development time was observed in A7 (21.67 days) and A4 (50 days) mixtures, respectively. While the highest yield was determined in A5 (299.59 g kg-1) mixture, A9 (55.99 g kg-1), A6 (65.59 g kg-1) and A11 (75.47 g kg-1) gave the lowest results. While the highest biological activity rate was recorded in A3 (93.65 %) and A5 (92.90%), the lowest was observed in A11 (21.45%), A6 (19.85%) and A9 (19.22%) mixtures. The highest and lowest protein amounts were determined in the A5, A7 and A10, A9 and C mixtures, respectively. The highest cellulase and laccase activities were found in A3 (3.16 IU g-1) and A7 (2164.48 U g-1), respectively
Molecular phylogenetic studies of Turkish boletes with emphasis on some recently described species
No full textThe paper presents the results of the first molecular phylogenetic assessment of ITS rDNA sequences of members of the family Boletaceae in Turkey. The still little-known species Neoboletus xanthopus and Rubroboletus demonensis are discussed based on Turkish records, which are second after their original description. Data suggest that N. xanthopus may be much more variable than currently known, especially what concerns the perceived distinguishing characters from N. erythropus. In addition, first collections of Rubroboletus lupinus s. l. in Turkey are also studied, showing some genetic distinction, seemingly related to the recently communicated from adjacent countries in the Eastern Mediterranean area. An updated key for identification of Turkish and extralimital European boletes from the former Boletus s. l. is included, based on macroscopic and micromorphological characters
Comparitive Study On Volatile Aroma Compounds Of Two Different Garlic Types (Kastamonu and Chinese) Using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) Technique
No full textThe medicinal use of garlic is much older than its usage as a food. The medical importance of garlic comes forward for its sulfur-containing components. In this study, it was aimed to compare Kastamonu garlic type with Chinese garlic type based on their aroma profiles. Fresh Kastamonu garlic samples harvested from Kastamonu region of Turkey and Chinese garlic samples obtained from Turkish market were used as plant material. Volatile aroma compounds were determined using Headspace Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC/MS). Sixteen and twenty aroma components identified in Kastamonu and Chinese garlic types, respectively. Kastamonu garlic type was found to be richer than Chinese garlic types in terms of sulfur-containing compounds. Diallyl disulphide, which is one of these components, was detected at level of 41.87% and 34.95% in the Kastamonu and Chinese garlic types, respectively. Also di-2-propenyl trisulfide was found only in Kastamonu garlic types. Disulfide, methyl 2-propenyl was determined at similar levels in both garlic types. The majority of garlic grown in Kastamonu is assessed by medicine companies. This experiment results showed that Kastamonu garlic type has important medicinal properties. This garlic can also be used in the medical field, as well as the consumption as food
