1,380 research outputs found
Energy control for Plug-In HEV with Ultracapacitors Lithium-Ion batteries storage system for FIA Alternative Energy Cup Race
No full textSince 2003 the Federation Internationale de
L’automobile (FIA) has started an “Alternative Energies World
Cup”(FIA AEC) open to electric, hybrid and unconventional fuel
propelled vehicles. The winner of this kind of race, is the car
which cover an assigned distance, consuming less specific energy
referred to the weight of the vehicle [1], [2]. In June 2009 in
the Monza circuit took place a proof of 2009 FIA AEC World
Championship. Our research team participated to the race with
a Plug-In Hybrid Electrical Vehicle (PHEV) prototype previously
developed [3]. The race has been divided in four stages with an
assigned distance of 104 km each to be performed during two
days for a total distance of 416 km. The circuit has been divided
in three sectors, in order to emulate the typical vehicle operating
cycles: urban, suburban and freeway. For each sector an average
and a maximum speed has been assigned. The adopted PHEV
has been provided with data acquisition system able to collect
all power train data both electrical (battery voltage, current,
power and SOC) and mechanical (vehicle speed and position
on the track, throttle and brake pedal position, engine speed
and fuel consumption). The paper present an improvement of
vehicle performance on the race (reduce the equivalent energy
consumption) by means of an improvement of the Energy Storage
System (ESS) and the Energy Management System (EMS). The
analysis has been performed on a simulation model previously
validated [4] and updated with the proposed ESS and EMS
A Comprehensive Analysis of Energy Consumption in Battery-Electric Buses Using Experimental Data: Impact of Driver Behavior, Route Characteristics, and Environmental Conditions
No full textWith the increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability, the electrification of urban public bus fleets has gained significant attention. Understanding the factors influencing the energy consumption of battery-electric buses (BEBs) is crucial for enhancing their energy efficiency. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the subsystems that contribute most to energy consumption and understand how operational factors influence them. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of BEB energy consumption based on experimental measurements performed with a 12 m fully electric battery bus. The main limitations of this study stem from the use of a single vehicle over a total period of 18 days, during which 187 routes were completed. Additionally, sandbags were used as ballast in place of actual passengers. Various parameters, including the number of passengers, drivers, route characteristics, environmental conditions, and traffic, were analyzed to assess their impact on BEB energy consumption. Data related to the energy consumed by various bus utilities were collected through the vehicle’s CAN network, with a sampling rate of 1 measurement per second. These data were analyzed both daily and per route, revealing the breakdown of energy consumption among different utilities and highlighting those responsible for the highest energy use. The results correlate the total distance traveled, service duration, average speed, driver’s driving style, route characteristics, internal and external temperatures, and air-conditioning system’s reference temperature with the energy consumption of the traction motors and climate control system. In addition, the correlation between the driver, vehicle acceleration, and throttle pedal use, and the energy consumed by the electric traction motor is presented
Inverter Losses Reduction Control Techniques for Plug-In HEV and FEV Traction Drive
No full textPlug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) or Full Electric Vehicle (FEV) can be very useful in order to meet fuel economy and to reduce pollutant emissions in transport in particular for use in the urban area. This kind of vehicles needs a medium to large battery stack in order to assure a good range in pure electric with zero emissions (30-40 km for PHEV and 120-150 km for FEV). The global power train efficiency is an important factor that has to be improved for a better utilization of the energy stored into the batteries. The electronic power converter (usually an inverter) in the electrical traction drive is one of the key components in the power train. In this paper a control method for reducing the inverter power losses and, consequently, for improving the efficiency and the motor exploiting has been studied. The proposed control method is a Modified Space Vector Field Oriented Control for an induction motor. Furthermore, a better inverter efficiency allows a size reduction of the electrical drive cooling system
Electric powertrain layouts analysis for controlling vehicle lateral dynamics with torque vectoring
No full textThe electrification of vehicle offers the possibility of developing several powertrain layouts due to the use of more than one electric motor. If more than one motor is used to drive a single axle of the vehicle, it is extremely simple to develop torque vectoring based control strategies. In this paper, the effect of torque vectoring applied to different powertrain layouts for HEV is shown and analyzed
Modeling of a single wheel test bench for blended electric and hydraulic brake testing
No full textElectric vehicles offer several possibilities of reinventing the vehicle powertrain layout. A very promising solution is represented by in-wheel motors (IWM) since the driving torque can be easily distributed among the wheels. Moreover, IWM can provide braking, thus regenerative, torque. However, the size of IWM is not enough to brake the car at maximum deceleration, hydraulic brakes are still necessary. It is of paramount importance to coordinate these two actuators thus avoiding possible instabilities. This paper presents a test bench to test control strategies for blended electric and hydraulic braking control strategies
Comparison between different energy management algorithms for an urban electric bus with hybrid energy storage system based on battery and supercapacitors
No full textElectric vehicles are an interesting research field for the automotive industry, especially for fully electrical urban buses. Their particular path-defined frequent and consecutive stops close together encourage the usage of supercapacitors, which have a longer service life than rechargeable batteries, and the battery would only be used as a backup energy source. This means a hybrid energy system where an energy management function splits the power request between the two onboard energy storage systems. Two different real-time control algorithms previously developed are briefly presented and numerically tested by means of virtual simulation in order to compare their different behaviour and evaluate their performance compared to an optimal offline control logic based on the dynamic programming approach
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle: Modeling, Prototype Realization, and Inverter Losses Reduction Analysis
No full textNowadays, the greatest part of the effort to reduce pollution emissions is directed toward the hybridization of automotive drive trains. In particular, the design of hybrid vehicles requires a complete system analysis, including the optimization of the electric and electronic devices installed on the vehicle and the design of all the mechanical connections between the different power sources to reach the required performances. The aim of this paper is to describe the design and prototype realization of a plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV). Specifically, an energetic model was developed in order to analyze and optimize the power flux between the different parts. This model was experimentally validated using a prototype PHEV. In addition, in order to improve the driving range in an all-electric model (all-electric range), a detailed analysis of the inverter control was performed, because this component is one of the key components of the power train. In order to reduce inverter losses and dimensions, several control methods can be adopted. In this paper, a direct self-control strategy for reducing the inverter losses is presented and validated
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