198,096 research outputs found
Josephine M. Tarr interview
No full text30 p. transcript of an interview with Josephine M. Tarr, conducted by Victoria Racette on February 27, 1984. Tape number IH-SD.57, transcript disc 161.Interviewee gives a general description of her life. There are no index terms provided.Othern
Trade liberalization and endogenous growth in a small open economy : a quantitative assessment
No full textThe authors develop a numerical endogenous growth model approximating an infinite horizon, which allows them to investigate the relationship between trade liberalization and economic growth. Economic theory generally implies that trade liberalization will improve economic growth, and the two phenomena are positively correlated in empirical tests, but the connection is not well-substantiated in numerical general equilibrium models. In the authors'model, an intermediate input affects aggregate output through a Dixit-Stiglitz function. Additional varieties provide the engine of growth in this framework and the existence of this mechanism magnifies the welfare costs. In this model with lump sum revenue replacement, reducing a tariff from 20 percent to 10 percent produces a welfare increase (in terms of Hicksian equivalent variation over the infinite horizon) of 10.7 percent of the present value of consumption in their central model, where the economy is assumed to be unable to borrow on international financial markets. If macroeconomic and financial reforms are in place that would allow international borrowing, however, the same tariff cut is estimated to result in a 37 percent increase in Hicksian equivalent variation. On the other hand, if inefficient replacement taxes must be used in an economy without the capacity to borrow internationally, the gains would be reduced to 4.7 percent. Larger tariff cuts--typical of those in many developing countries over the past 30 years--produce larger estimated welfare gains at least proportionate to the size of the cut. The authors apply the model to five developing countries and estimate the impact of the tariff changes those countries plan to undertake as part of Uruguay Round commitments. Because of the dynamic effects, estimated gains are considerably larger than those found in the literature on the impact of the Uruguay Round.International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Labor Policies,Inequality,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Trade and Regional Integration
The terms-of-trade effects from the elimination of state trading in Soviet - Hungarian trade
No full textEconomists have debated whether the Soviet Union subsidized trade with its Eastern European partners in the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA). Effective January 1, 1991, former CMEA members implemented their"switchover"decision to convert to world market prices denominated in convertible currency. The switchover dramatically reduced the role of"state trading"by permitting direct enterprise to enterprise transactions denominated and settled in convertible currency. The authors made an intensive study of the trading relationship between Hungary and the Soviet Union as a case study on the terms-of-trade issue. A detailed empirical investigation of prices in Soviet-Hungarian trade before and after the switchover provides some indication of the terms-of-trade loss that Hungary is likely to suffer as a result of the switchover of its trading relationship with the Soviet Union. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the authors find that the majority of Hungarian firms exporting to the Soviet Union have been disfavored by the combination of the payments mechanism, exchange rate, tax and subsidy policies. The experience of early 1991 suggests a significant decline is likely to occur in Soviet imports from Hungary during the remainder of the year. A variety of problems account for the decline, many of them specific to internal conditions in the Soviet Union.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Access to Markets,Markets and Market Access,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT
The effects of stream canopy removal on macroinvertebrate communities in Tarr Creek, Monroe County, Wisconsin
No full textTarr Creek is a small woodland stream with a shifting sand bottom. It is a cold water, Class I brown trout stream except in the extreme lower portion. An investigation was undertaken during 1979-1980 to determine the effects of canopy removal on macroinvertebrate communities. The dense brushy canopy (Alnus rugosa) was removed along a 1,100 m section in 1976 and along a 91 m section in 1979
Our home and its surroundings [electronic resource] : a first book of modern geography /
No full textOriginal issued in series: Morang's modern text-books ; Tarr and McMurry geographies."Authorized by the Minister of Education for use in the public schools of Ontario.""Authorized by the Advisory Board for use in the public schools of Manitoba.""... Based upon and is largely the work of Professor Ralph S. Tarr ... and Professor Frank M. McMurry."--p. vi.Electronic reproduction.Mode of access: Internet.4
When does rent-seeking augment the benefits of price and trade reform on rationed commodities? : estimates for automobiles and color televisions in Poland
No full textTo assess the impact of price and trade reform on the Polish market for autos and color televisions, the author has developed a differentiated product model in which consumers maximize utility and firms maximize profits subject to rationing constraints and price controls. This paper focuses on that model. First it discusses the institutional details of the auto and color TV markets in Poland. It then lays out the stylized facts that are incorporated in the model, and discusses the methods of allocating autos and color TVs in the context of the rent-seeking and rent dissipation literature. The final section summarizes the results which find that, all things being equal, the elimination of price controls for both autos and televisions had the effect of decreasing imports, as more domestic autos were produced and sold. The implication is that -- contrary to the Polish government's intention -- price controls were a trade distortion that increased imports: that is, they implicitly subsidized imports. The author also shows that import liberalization produces greater benefits when there are domestic price controls with rent dissipation, because import liberalization reduces the rent. The appendices include a description of the model, a discussion of the data sources, and a review of the literature on rent-seeking activities as it relates to rent dissipation under price controls.Economic Theory&Research,Markets and Market Access,Access to Markets,Environmental Economics&Policies,Fiscal&Monetary Policy
Telecommunications reform within Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization
No full textIn World Trade Organization (WTO) accession negotiations, telecommunications is always a sector that receives close scrutiny by the WTO Working Party, and the extent of market access and nondiscriminatory treatment of multinational telecommunications companies in Russia has been a significant issue in Russia’s accession negotiations. The authors use a computable general equilibrium model of the Russian economy to assess the role of telecommunications in the discussions regarding Russian accession to the WTO. The results show that reduction of barriers to foreign direct investment in telecommunications will bring substantial gains to the Russian economy, including an increase in the productivity of Russian labor and capital. Despite the fact that multinationals use Russian labor less intensively than Russian firms, demand for Russian labor employed in telecommunications should increase, following reductions in barriers to foreign direct investment that are included in the context of WTO accession. This is because the overall demand for telecommunication services should increase due to the growth effects of the liberalization of barriers against foreign direct investment generally and the reduction in tariffs. Russian capital owners in telecommunications will likely be sought as joint venture partners and can restructure and obtain gains as partners with foreign firms. Wholly owned Russian firms are likely to experience losses.International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,ICT Policy and Strategies,Environmental Economics&Policies,Decentralization,Economic Theory&Research,Economic Theory&Research,ICT Policy and Strategies,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Public Sector Economics&Finance
Cyclodextrin assisted remediation of organic contaminants
No full textM A. Tarr, C. W. Jarand, S. King, K. Chen, B. Pozniak, R. B. Cole, D-T. Oham and S. F. Lincolnhttp://www.cyclodextrin.at/pages/general.htmlhttp://www.cyclodextrin.at/downloads/PosterProgram.pd
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