110 research outputs found
Syria's predicament : state (de-) formation and international rivalries
No full textSyria’s war raises important questions about the interaction between the domestic and external dimensions of the conflict. What are the main areas of contention, and how do they relate to regional and international dynamics? Why has the conflict developed into a regional and international battle, and who are the main actors in this rivalry? And, finally, what are the realistic options for ending the Syrian war? The aim of this paper is to answer these questions. In the first, the author examines the domestic origins of the Syrian crisis by focusing on the process of state formation and deformation in Syria. Then, he considers the main areas of contention that shape the Syrian civil war and its regional and international dimensions. Finally, he assesses the conditions under which Syria – as a divided state in a polarised region – can end the war. He argues that in the absence of a military solution to the war in Syria, a political solution may be the only hope for ending the crisis; but such a solution is fraught by varying domestic and external interests in Syria.Peer reviewe
TINDAK TUTUR DALAM WACANA RESEP MASAKAN ASYHA AL-ALAWIYYAT KARYA KAUSAR AL-ADHAM ISMA�IL: ANALISIS PRAGMATIK
No full textThe research regarding a study of speech act in recipes of Asyha> al-
H}alawiyya>t by Kausar al-Adham Isma> 'i>l is conducted because in the author not
only using command line mode, but also the mode of declarative sentences. The
purpose of this research is to describe the types of speech acts uttered by the author
of Asyha> al-H}alawiyya>t recipe with pragmatics analysis. The method applied in this
study is pragmatic-comparative method, a method in which the determining tool is
the audience or the reader. Based on the analysis, it was found that in functional
aspect of the sentence in the Asyha> al-H}alawiyya>t, there are two types of speech
acts: illocutionary and perlocutionary act. Locutionary act is not found in this study
because the sentences in the recipes are not intended to give any particular
information, but order and predispose the subject to follow the ways of cooking
explained strictly. Illocutionary act in this study consists of assertive and directive
act. Based on sentence mode, there are five types of speech acts found in this recipe:
direct speech act, indirect speech act, literal speech act, direct literal speech act, and
indirect literal speech act
Accessibility impact analysis of new public transit projects in Cairo, Egypt
No full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: S.M. in Urban Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2019Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 77-80).The New Urban Communities (NUC), built around Cairo, developed to relieve congestion and pull away residents from the crowded core, have not successfully attracted a significant number of residents. Since NUCs are not well connected by official public transport to the inner city, their residents rely on private cars and informal or expensive private mass transit to reach the job markets of inner Cairo. Although in official strategy plans, no direct link is drawn between the difficulty of moving between and within NUCs and their low occupancy rates, NUCs can be attractive places to live for diverse socio-economic groups if their accessibility to jobs and points of interest were improved. There is growing interest from the World Bank and the Egyptian government to invest in public transport routes in the Greater Cairo Region to improve job accessibility and relieve traffic congestion.Applying existing methods to measure the impact of different routes on job accessibility requires data on the location and density of jobs which is not readily available in many data-poor cities in the global south. A novel method was applied to produce a job density data set, combining scraped location and categorical data on businesses from online directories with official census and survey data on job numbers and industry types. This thesis explores the locations of employment opportunities in the absence of official data and the accessibility of the population to these opportunities in the Greater Cairo Region in order to assess the different levels of accessibility to jobs by public transport and inform the priorities of future investment in public transport provision. The research results in recommendations on where 3 routes, out of 10 given corridors, should be placed based on the impact of these new transit lines towards job accessibility.Using location-based accessibility models combined with a novel approach to developing job location data, the work identifies bus routes that performed the best in getting the largest number of people to jobs given considerations of socio-economic equity.by Adham Kalila.S.M. in Urban PlanningS.M.inUrbanPlanning Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Plannin
Corrigendum to “The 2016 update of the International Study Group (ISGPF) definition and grading of postoperative pancreatic fistula: eleven years after.” Surgery 2017. Mar; 161 (3):584–591. Epub Dec 28, 2016 (Surgery (2017) 161(3) (584–591), (S0039606016307577), (10.1016/j.surg.2016.11.014))
No full textThe authors regret that the name of author Charles R. Vollmer MD is incorrect in the final published version. The correct name Charles Vollmer. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. Below is the correct order of authors: Claudio Bassi, MDa, Giovanni Marchegiani, MDa, Christos Dervenis, MD,b, Micheal Sarr, MDc, Mohammad Abu Hilal, MDd, Mustapha Adham, MDe, Peter Allen, MDf, Roland Andersson, MDg, Horacio J. Asbun, MDh, Marc G. Besselink, MDi, Kevin Conlon, MDj, Marco Del Chiaro, MDk, Massimo Falconi, MDl, Laureano Fernandez-Cruz, MDm, Carlos Fernandez-del Castillo, MDn, Abe Fingerhut, MDo, Helmut Friess, MDp, Dirk J Gouma, MDi, Thilo Hackert, MDq, Jakob Izbicki, MDr, Keith D. Lillemoe, MDn, John P. Neoptolemos, MDs, Attila Olah, MDt, Richard Schulick, MDu, Shailesh V. Shrikhande, MDv, Tadahiro Takada, MDw, Kyoichi Takaori, MDx, William Traverso, MDy, Charles Vollmer, MDz, Christopher L. Wolfgang, MDaa, Charles J. Yeo, MDbb, Roberto Salvia, MDa, Marcus Buchler, MDq, from the International Study Group on Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS
A Decomposition-Based Ecosystem-Inspired Approach For Solving Real-World Logistics Problems
No full textNature exhibits fascinating phenomena which have been used as a source of inspiration for combinatorial optimisation. Many widely accepted nature-inspired approaches focus on specific phenomena like the evolution of biological processes and the behaviour of social groups. This thesis adopts a holistic, bottom-up approach inspired by the synergy between species and their environments. An ecosystem-inspired, decomposition-based approach is proposed: the Artificial Ecosystem Algorithm. Focus is placed on exploring the space of problem subdivisions as opposed to solution spaces, thereby allowing us to exploit the scaling enabled through decomposition. The algorithm was applied to both static and dynamic settings of the travelling salesman problem. The results indicate that the Artificial Ecosystem Algorithm was able to find solutions which are competitive with some present in the literature. Furthermore, they suggest that the algorithm was able to effectively retain solution fragments for dynamic problems. The algorithm was extended and applied to the rebalancing of bikes in Transport for London's public cycle scheme, where it was shown to outperform historical performance levels. It was then further developed and applied to ArcelorMittal's multi-line steel scheduling problem, where it was compared against the current solution implemented and against existing solutions of various types. In this way the Artificial Ecosystem Algorithm is applied to gradually more difficult logistics problems: from static to dynamic, to multi-objective, and finally to constrained. Different features from natural ecosystems are incorporated into the algorithm to improve its ability to solve each problem
HISTORICAL FOLKLORE AND HISTORICAL REALITY (ABOUT LEGENDS AND PARABLES ABOUT HISTORICAL MONUMENTS IN USTYURT)
No full textThe article talks about the historical reality in legends and parables about the historical monuments of Ustyurt. The author conducts a historical and linguistic analysis of why historical places called Pulzhai, Tengeshashkan and Dzhezkempir received such a name. Readers are also offered interesting information about the sacred place in the southeastern part of Ustyurt – the mausoleum and cemetery of King Ibrahim Adham
Bridging the gap between sustainable urban policies and sustainable urban development projects: A recommendation for public planners
No full textThe focus on sustainability in urban development, policy implementation gaps and the role of public planner as ‘market actor’ have led to this research where we study how the implementation gap between sustainable urban policies and sustainable urban development projects can be bridged with the four planning tools of Adams et al. (2005). By conducting two in-depth case studies with different sizes of implementation gaps, we have looked at the planning tools in practice. The case of RijswijkBuiten had a small implementation gap and many planning tools have been used. In the case of Bruisend Dorpshart Kaatsheuvel the implementation gap was rather large and planning tools have been used to a lesser extent. Human capital supports capacity building, which in turn facilitates the other three planning tools: shaping, regulating and stimulating.Architecture and The Built EnvironmentReal Estate and HousingManagement in the Built Environmen
Dilemmas of late formation : international system and state survival in the Middle East : case studies : Saudi Arabia and Iraq
No full textThis thesis is a theory-proposing and theory-testing study that examines the conditions of state survival in the Middle East. In contrast to the predominant Political Culture and Political Economy approaches, which focus on domestic factors to account for state survival in the Middle East, this thesis suggests that, more than the individual characteristics of states themselves, state survival in that region is a function of the anarchic state system.
This thesis examines states as a ‘process’ situating them in time and place. It shows that Middle Eastern states are at once in the early phases of state formation as well as late comers to the international state system. This ontological status contributes to the vulnerability of these states to systematic forces, which in turn shapes their internal development. A major dilemma facing the late-forming state is between regime survival and political incorporation.
The first part of this thesis examines the literatures on the state, the Middle East state, and state survival. The second part proposes a Historical Structuralism model and then examines the ontology of the state in the Middle East, specifying the conditions and variables of state survival. The third part presents an empirical examination of the cases of Saudi Arabia and Iraq
Anna Akasoy (Graduate Center, CUNY)
No full textPlaying with Birds of Prey at Medieval Muslim Courts The book of Adham and Ghitrif, one of the oldest preserved treatises on falconry in Arabic, begins with a chapter on ‘the first who played with birds of prey’. The anonymous author of Umayyad times offers a compilation of anecdotes about Persian, Byzantine, Arab and Visigothic rulers who discovered independently the practice of hunting with different species of birds of prey. Their interactions with the birds as well as with each other ref..
Analysis of Mass and Electronic Media Advertising Sales Predictions Using the Linear Regression Method: Analisis Prediksi Penjualan Iklan Media Masa dan Elektronik Menggunakan Metode Linear Regression
No full textthe research analysis, advertising sales prediction in mass and electronic media uses the linear regression method. Where the linear regression method is a method to predict data in an AI approach to replace or human behavior to solve a problem automatically. The author will develop an analysis of advertising sales in mass and electronic media using the linear regression method. Based on the objectives of the study that have been described, the most influential is TV media because TV media has 90%, Radio has 35%, Newspapaer has 15% based on other media the most influential TV media in advertising sales. The advantage of using the linear regression method is the method easier to predict so that it can make it easier to calculate profits
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