145,739 research outputs found
The concept of peace in the Tao Te Ching
No full textThis thesis represents a first attempt to analyze Lao Tzu's main method of resolving the social and political problems in Ch'un Ch'iu and Warring States Periods. Lao Tzu, the founder of Taoism, suggested many solutions that could bring an end to the conflicts and to the ending of the disunity of China. Examples of these include the reform or abolishment of some ancient Chinese institutions as well as new principles for the enhancement and preservation of life. All these ideas were to become crystallised in Tao Te Ch'ing, which became an important religious text. In particular, the aspect of Lao Tzu's methods for solving the social and political problems of China in the Warring States Period needs more attention. In each chapter of the Tao Te Ch'ing there was a main emphasis on peace as the main method of developing social cohesion and as a cure to all fundamental human problems. Therefore, Lao Tzu's ideas about peace and his methods of solving the problems of the Warring States period are significant and from the main focus of the thesis
Development of new proton conducting materials for intermediate temperature fuel cells
No full textThe work in this thesis mainly focuses on the preparation and characterization of several phosphates and solid oxide systems with the aim of developing new proton conducting materials for intermediate temperature fuel cells (ITFCs). Soft chemical methods such as sol-gel methods and conventional solid state methods were applied for the synthesis of these materials.
Aluminum phosphate obtained by a solution method is single phase and belongs to one of the Al(H₂PO₄)₃ allotropies with hexagonal symmetry. The material is stable up to 200°C and decomposes into Al(PO₃)₃ at a higher temperature. The electrical conductivity of pure Al(H₂PO₄)₃ is on the order of 10⁻⁶-10⁻⁷ S/cm, very close to the value for the known proton conductors AlH₃(PO₄)₂•3H₂O and AlH₂P₃O₁₀•2H₂O. Much higher conductivity is observed for samples containing even a trace amount of excess H₃PO₄. It is likely that the conduction path gradually changes from grain interior to the surface as the acid content increases. The conductivity of Al(H₂PO₄)₃-0.5H₃PO₄ exhibited a good stability over the measured 110 hours.
Although tin pyrophosphate (SnP₂O₇) has been reported to show a significantly high conductivity (~10⁻² S/cm) at 250°C in various atmospheres, we observed large discrepancies in the electrical properties of SnP₂O₇ prepared by different methods. Using an excess amount of phosphorous in the synthetic procedure generally produces SnP₂O₇ with much higher conductivity (several orders of magnitude higher) than samples with stoichiometric Sn:P ratios in their synthetic procedure. Solid state ³¹P NMR confirmed the presence of residual phosphoric acid for samples with excess starting phosphorous. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) confirmed an amorphous layer covered the SnP₂O₇ granules which was probably phosphoric acid or condensed phases. Thereby, it is quite likely that the high conductivity of SnP₂O₇ results mainly from the contribution of the residual acid. The conductivity of these samples exhibited a good stability over the measured 80 hours.
Based on the observations for SnP₂O₇, we developed a nano core-shell structure based on BPO₄ and P₂O₅ synthesised by solid state methods. The particle size of BPO₄ using this method varied between 10-20 nm depending on the content of P₂O₅. TEM confirmed the existence of an amorphous layer that is homogeneously distributed. The composite exhibits the highest conductivity of 8.8×10⁻² S/cm at 300°C in air for 20% extra P₂O₅ and demonstrates a good stability during the whole measured 110 hours. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was introduced into the composites in order to increase malleability for fabrication. The conductivity and mechanical strength were optimized by adjusting the PTFE and P₂O₅ content. These organic-inorganic composites demonstrate much better stability at elevated temperature (250°C) over
conventional SiC-H₃PO₄-PTFE composites which are common electrolytes for phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs). Fuel cells based on BPO₄-H₃PO₄-PTFE composite as the electrolyte were investigated using pure H₂ and methanol as fuels. A maximum power density of 320 mW/cm² at a voltage of 0.31 V and a maximum current density of 1.9 A/cm² at 200°C were observed for H₂/O₂ fuel cells. A maximum power density of 40 mW/cm² and maximum current of 300 mA/cm² 275°C were observed when 3M methanol was used in the cell.
Phosphoric acid was also introduced into materials with internal open structures such as phosphotungstic acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and heteropolyacid salt ((NH₄)₃PW₁₂O₄₀), for the purpose of acquiring additional connections. The hybrids obtained have a cubic symmetry with enlarged unit cell volume, probably due to the incorporation of phosphoric acid into the internal structures. Solid state ³¹P NMR performed on H₃PW₁₂O₄₀-xH₃PO₄ (x = 0-3) showed additional peaks at high acid content which could not assigned to phosphorus from the starting materials, suggesting a strong interaction between H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ and H₃PO₄. The conductivity of hybrids was improved significantly compared with samples without phosphoric acid. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) suggest the existence of large amount of hydrogen bonds (OH••••O) that may responsible for the high conductivity. A H₂/O₂ fuel cell based on H₃PW₁₂O₄₀-H₃PO₄-PTFE exhibited a peak power density of 2.7 mW/cm² at 0.3 V in ambient temperature.
Solid oxide proton conductors based on yttrium doped BaZrO₃ were investigated by introducing potassium or lanthanum at the A-sites. The materials were prepared by different methods and were obtained as a single phase with space group Pm-3m (221). The unit cell of these samples is slightly smaller than the undoped one. The upper limit of solid solution formation on the A-sites for potassium is between 5 ~ 10% as introducing more K results in the occurrence of a second phase or impurities such as YSZ (yttrium stabilized zirconium). K doped Barium zirconates showed an improved water uptake capability even with 5% K doping, whereas for La doped ones, water uptake is strongly dependent on particle size and synthetic history. The conductivity of K doped BaZrO₃ was improved by a factor of two (2×10⁻³ S/cm) at 600°C compared with undoped material. Fuel cells based on Pt/Ba₀.₉₅K₀.₀₅Zr₀.₈₅Y₀.₁₁Zn₀.₀₄O[subscript(3-δ)]/Pt under humidified 5% H₂/air conditions gave a maximum power density 7.7 mWcm⁻² at 718°C and an interfacial resistance 4 Ωcm⁻². While for La doped samples, the conductivity was comparable with undoped ones; the benefits of introducing lanthanum at A-sites may not be so obvious as deficiency of barium is one factor that leads to the diminishing conductivity
Iteratively Decoded Variable Length Space-Time Coded Modulation: Code Construction and Convergence Analysis
No full textAn Iteratively Decoded Variable Length Space Time Coded Modulation (VL-STCM-ID) scheme capable of simultaneously providing both coding and iteration gain as well as multiplexing and diversity gain is proposed. Non-binary unity-rate precoders are employed for assisting the iterative decoding of the VL-STCM-ID scheme. The discrete-valued source symbols are first encoded into variable-length codewords that are mapped to the spatial and temporal domains. Then the variable-length codewords are interleaved and fed to the precoder assisted modulator. More explicitly, the proposed VL-STCM-ID arrangement is a jointly designed iteratively decoded scheme combining source coding, channel coding, modulation as well as spatial diversity/multiplexing. As expected, the higher the source correlation, the higher the achievable performance gain of the scheme becomes. Furthermore, the performance of the VLSTCM-ID scheme is about 14.6 dB better than that of the FixedLength STCM (FL-STCM) benchmarker at a source symbol error ratio of 10-4
Kaochiaoja Tao. This 1963
No full textGenus Kaochiaoja Tao, 1963 Type species: Myzus arthraxoni Takahashi, 1921 Diagnosis. Head strongly spinulose, with moderately well-developed antennal tubercles, without frontal median prominence. Antenna six segmented; hairs on antennal segment III very short and inconspicuous with blunt apices, less than 0.50 × basal diameter of segment; segment III in apterae without secondary rhinaria. Ultimate rostral segment short, with only two accessory setae. Abdomen with extensive dorsal sclerotization. Siphunculi cylindrical, without polygonal reticulation. Alata with secondary rhinaria on segment III and sometimes also on segment IV. Wing venation normal.Published as part of Joshi, Sunil & Blackman, R. L., 2017, A new bamboo-feeding species of Kaochiaoja Tao (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from India, pp. 569-575 in Zootaxa 4363 (4) on page 570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.9, http://zenodo.org/record/111512
Hindi ibang-tao ang ibang-tao in the relationship of norm violations to guilt and shame
No full textThis study focuses on determining the influence of the extensions of the self- identity which are the hindi ibang-tao and ibang-tao to the relationship of committing norm violations in the form of social or moral violations and the emotions that will be elicited using a moderation model for its conceptual framework. Related literature provided that when the self-extension hindi ibang-tao is involved, an offender may feel guilt as they commit a moral violation, and would feel more shame as they would commit a social violation towards ibang-tao.
Undergraduate students (N=102) from different universities, ages ranging from 18 to 21, served as participants of the study, as they answered questionnaires that included an informed consent form, stories of norm violations involving hindi ibang-tao and ibang-tao self-extensions, and the state shame and guilt scale (Marshall, D. E., Sanftner, J. L., & Tangney, J.P. (1994). Debriefing about the study was also provided afterwards. Using statistical analyses of Pearson\u27s correlation and ANOVA, guilt is more evident regardless of the norm violations committed, as seen in the results involving the ibang-tao, while the hindi ibang-tao influenced emotions of both guilt and shame in the social violation and more shame in the moral violation. The results may have contradicted the literature, but it did show a trend concluding that social violations do not trigger emotionally in comparison to moral violations whereas shame and guilt as self-conscious emotions are felt when both hindi ibang-tao and ibang-tao are involved in the Filipino context wherein an idea of the shared self-identity is present
Paraphorodon omeishanaensis Tseng & Tao
No full textParaphorodon omeishanaensis Tseng & Tao reinstated Paratypes of this species, described from an unidentified Rubus sp. in China, were examined. It has been mistakenly synonymised with Phorodon cannabis. Paraphorodon is quite distinct from Phorodon, and probably nearest to Matsumuraja.Published as part of Victor, Eastop, F. & Blackman, Roger L., 2005, Some new synonyms in Aphididae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha), pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 1089 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27334
A new bamboo-feeding species of Kaochiaoja Tao (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from India
No full textJoshi, Sunil, Blackman, R. L. (2017): A new bamboo-feeding species of Kaochiaoja Tao (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from India. Zootaxa 4363 (4): 569-575, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.
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TAO users manual.
No full textThe Toolkit for Advanced Optimization (TAO) focuses on the design and implementation of component-based optimization software for the solution of large-scale optimization applications on high-performance architectures. Their approach is motivated by the scattered support for parallel computations and lack of reuse of linear algebra software in currently available optimization software. The TAO design allows the reuse of toolkits that provide lower-level support (parallel sparse matrix data structures, preconditioners, solvers), and thus they are able to build on top of these toolkits instead of having to redevelop code. The advantages in terms of efficiency and development time are significant. The TAO design philosophy uses object-oriented techniques of data and state encapsulation, abstract classes, and limited inheritance to create a flexible optimization toolkit. This chapter provides a short introduction to the design philosophy by describing the objectives in TAO and the importance of this design. Since a major concern in the TAO project is the performance and scalability of optimization algorithms on large problems, they also present some performance results
Neoacyrthosiphon Tao 1963
No full text<i>Neoacyrthosiphon</i> Tao 1963 = <i>Ericolophium</i> Tao 1963 <p> Tao erected <i>Ericolophium</i> for <i>Macrosiphum itoe</i> Takahashi, but then erected <i>Neoacyrthosiphon</i> for a second species that Takahashi described from <i>Rhododendron</i> in Taiwan, <i>Macrosiphum holsti</i>, mistakenly claiming that it differed by lack of a median frontal tubercle.</p> <p> Hille Ris Lambers and Basu (1966) pointed out the error and placed <i>Neoacyrthosiphon</i> as a subgenus of <i>Ericolophium</i>, but it was given full generic status again by Ghosh and Raychaudhuri (1969). They distinguished <i>Neoacyrthosiphon</i> from <i>Ericolophium</i> by (1) tarsi with spinulose imbrication and (2) apterae with papillate sculpturing of tergum. However, both characters vary greatly in the degree to which they are manifested in different species within the group, and specimens of <i>Ericolophium itoe</i> in BMNH from Taiwan have minute spinules on the second tarsal segments. We therefore see no justification for retaining the name <i>Neoacyrthosiphon</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Victor, Eastop, F. & Blackman, Roger L., 2005, Some new synonyms in Aphididae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha), pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 1089</i> on pages 16-17, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/273344">10.5281/zenodo.273344</a>
J. J. L. Duyvendak. Tao Tö king, Le Livre de la Voie et de la Vertu
No full textKaltenmark Maxim. J. J. L. Duyvendak. Tao Tö king, Le Livre de la Voie et de la Vertu. In: Revue de l'histoire des religions, tome 146, n°2, 1954. pp. 243-244
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