1,721,154 research outputs found
How different guilt feelings can affect social competence development in childhood
No full textThis study examined how the two different dimensions of guilt feelings, needed for reparation and fear of punishment, could influence social conduct, such as prosocial and aggressive behaviors, and how they are linked to popularity in childhood. We hypothesized a theoretical model that we tested, fitting it with empirical data obtained from a sample of 242 Italian children aged 9-11.
Both dimensions of guilt predict prosocial and aggressive behaviors. Specifically, the feeling of guilt linked to the need for reparation tends to negatively predict aggressive behaviors, and positively predict prosocial behaviors. The feeling of guilt linked to the fear of punishment, on the contrary, tends to positively affect aggressive and negatively affect prosocial conducts in children. These results highlight that the different feelings of guilt can represent a relevant risk or protective factor for the development of social competence in childhood. Limitation, strengths, and further development of the present study are discussed
How Different Guilt Feelings Can Affect Social Competence Development in Childhood
No full textThe authors examined how the two different dimensions of guilt feelings, needed for reparation and fear of punishment, could influence social conduct, such as prosocial and aggressive behaviors, and how they are linked to popularity in childhood. The authors hypothesized a theoretical model that they tested, fitting it with empirical data obtained from a sample of 242 Italian children 9–11 years old. Both dimensions of guilt predict prosocial and aggressive behaviors. Specifically, the feeling of guilt linked to the need for reparation tends to negatively predict aggressive behaviors, and positively predict prosocial behaviors. The feeling of guilt linked to the fear of punishment, on the contrary, tends to positively affect aggressive and negatively affect prosocial conducts in children. These results highlight that the different feelings of guilt can represent a relevant risk or protective factor for the development of social competence in childhood. Limitations, strengths, and further development of the present study are discussed
Analisi dei fattori di rischio della depression post-partum
No full textScopo del lavoro è indagare congiuntamente diverse tipologie di fattori di rischio (individuali, relazionali, e legati all’esperienza del parto) al fine di identificare quelli che possono maggiormente favorire l’insorgenza di questa patologia.
L’indagine si è svolta su un campione di 161 donne (Metà =31.63, DS = 4.88) secondo un disegno longitudinale articolato in tre tempi.
L'analisi dei dati ha mostrato che, tenendo sotto controllo le variabili sociodemografiche, i principali fattori di rischio alla base dell’insorgenza della depressione post-partum sono legati alla presenza di sintomi psicopatologici nella madre prima del parto, alla percezione che la donna ha circa la qualità della propria relazione sentimentale e alla rappresentazione dell’attaccamento al bambino durante la gravidanza, oltre, infine, alle specifiche caratteristiche del parto
Internalizing and externalizing problems among adolescent problematic gamblers
No full textDuring adolescence, gambling problems have resulted to be associated with many psychological diseases (Lorains et al., 2011). However, few studies have explored the specific aspects of internalizing and externalizing problems linked to problematic gambling behaviors during adolescence. The main focus of this study was therefore to fill this gap.
A total of 393 adolescents (361 males and 32 females; Mage = 16.34; SD = 1.39) were recruited for the present study. All participants filled out the South Oaks Gambling Screen – Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA; Winters et al., 1993; Chiesi et al., 2012) and the two scales of internalizing and externalizing problems of the Youth Self Report Questionnaire (YSR; Achenbach 1991), which assess two main syndrome subscales of externalizing problems (Delinquent behavior and Aggressive behavior) and three syndrome subscales of internalizing problems (Withdrawn, Somatic complaints, and Anxious/Depressed). Based on their SOGS-RA scores, participants were divided in three groups: 1) non-problem gamblers (n= 321), SOGS-Ra scores 4.
In order to explore whether the three groups differ on the five syndrome subscales of the YRS, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was carried out.
Results showed significant differences among the three groups both for externalizing and internalizing problems. In particular, problem gamblers reported higher levels of delinquent and aggressive behaviors, somatic complaints, and anxious and depressed feelings than other participants. No significant differences emerged in reference to social withdrawal.
Overall, these results confirm the existence of both externalizing and internalizing problems among adolescent problematic gamblers
La relazione tra disagio internalizzato e comportamento di gioco problematico in adolescenza: il ruolo mediatore del sensation seeking
No full textScopo del presente lavoro è quello di colmare questa lacuna. In particolare il presente studio è finalizzato a verificare se e in che misura forme specifiche di disagio adolescenziale, sia di natura esternalizzata che internalizzata, rappresentino predittori significativi di comportamenti di gioco d’azzardo problematico o patologico nell’adolescenza e ad analizzare il ruolo che il bisogno di ricercare sensazioni forti (sensation seeking) svolge come possibile mediatore in questa relazione. Metodo: Ha partecipato alla presente indagine un campione di 363 adolescenti (232 maschi e 131 femmine) di età compresa tra i 14 e i 20 anni (M= 16.35; DS = 1.36).
Per rilevare i comportamenti di gioco d’azzardo è stato utilizzato il South Oaks Gambling Screen – Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA), che permette di misurarne la frequenza, la tipologia e la gravità. Per rilevare differenti forme di disagio eventualmente presentate dagli adolescenti è stata somministrato il Youth Self Report Questionnaire (YSR) che consente di distinguere fra forme di disagio internalizzato (Ansia/depressione, Disturbi psicosomatici, Ritiro sociale) ed esternalizzato (Comportamento aggressivo e Comportamento delinquenziale). Infine è stata utilizzata la Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS) per rilevare il livello di sensation seeking. Sui dati sono state condotte analisi descrittive e di correlazione fra le variabili investigate. Inoltre per testare l’effetto di mediazione del sensation seeking sulla relazione fra disagio e comportamenti di gioco è stata condotta un’analisi di mediazione. Risultati: I risultati hanno mostrato che le forme esternalizzate di disagio influenzano significativamente la messa in atto di comportamenti problematici di gioco, sia in modo diretto, sia in modo mediato attraverso la tendenza a ricercare sensazioni forti. In altre parole un maggior livello di disagio esternalizzato influenza la tendenza dell’adolescente non solo a giocare d’azzardo, ma anche a ricercare sensazioni forti le quali, a loro volta, favoriscono la messa in atto di comportamenti di gioco. Al contrario, i disturbi di tipo internalizzato non risultano predire in modo significato i comportamenti di gioco. Conclusioni: Durante l’adolescenza la messa in atto di comportamenti a rischio è associata a forme diverse di disagio psicologico. In relazione a comportamenti a rischio o problematici di gioco d’azzardo solo il disagio di tipo esternalizzato svolge un ruolo predittivo significativo
Attachment Bonds as Risk Factors of Intimate Partner Violence
No full textObjectives: This study investigates whether women’s attachment to mother might influence Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) victimization, both directly and indirectly, through the mediation effect of romantic partner attachment. Methods: Twenty-nine IPV victims, aged 26–54 years (M = 39.52, SD = 8.36), and 31 women who were not victims of IPV, aged 29–54 years (M = 39.84, SD = 7.62), were recruited for the present study. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were performed to explore differences between the clinical and control groups in attachment bonds, both to mother and romantic partner. Moreover, in order to explore if and which specific attachment bonds might play a role in predicting the onset and maintenance of violence within couple relationships, a mediational analysis was conducted. Results: Female victims of domestic violence present higher levels of insecurity in their attachment bonds to their mothers and their romantic partners than women who are not abused [F(3, 56) = 36.66, p =.000, η 2 =.66]. Moreover, an insecure attachment to mother significantly influences the involvement in violent couple relationships in an indirect way, through insecure attachment to the romantic partner (anxiety: β =.14, p <.01; CI 95%:.022;.371; and avoidance: β =.29, p <.001; CI 95%:.132;.494). Conclusion: This study highlighted that an insecure attachment could represent a risk factor for violence within couple relationships. This has strong clinical implications, especially for clinical psychologists and social workers who deal with the IPV phenomenon daily
Gli adolescenti di fronte alla malattia: uno studio sugli effetti di eventi morbosi cronici e acuti
No full textUno strumento per rilevare la timidezza nella preadolescenza: L'adattamento italiano della Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale
No full textTheoretical background. Early-adolescence represents a period of great vulnerability for shy youth. At the same time, it is a developmental age which has received little attention in the shyness literature, particularly with regard to the perceptions that shy individuals have of themselves. This is due, in part, to a lack of self-report scales which can effectively measure shyness during this developmental period. In fact, shyness in early-adolescence is usually measured through hetero-evaluation instruments, such as peer nomination or scales addressed to parents or teachers. However, although the value of data obtained from peers and significant others has been recognized, an individuals’ own perceptions are of fundamental importance in understanding the level of psychological discomfort experienced. So, it appears there is a need for shyness self-report scales adapted to the adolescent developmental stage. From the available self-report instruments to measure shyness, we selected the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale (RCBS, Cheek, 1983) for adaption.
Aims. The main focus of the present study was to prepare an Italian adaptation of this scale, which could be used with early-adolescents. Moreover, we also aimed to verify the instrument’s internal consistency and discriminant validity. Method. The Italian version of the RCBS and the anxious/depressed subscale of the Youth Self-Report Questionnaire (Achenbach, 1991), which was used as a discriminant validity measure, were administered to 502 participants: 250 early-adolescents, aged 11 to 13 (M = 12.35; DS = .67); and 252 adolescents, aged 17 to 19 (M = 17.71; DS = .66). Discussion and Conclusion. The results confirm the original factorial structure of the instrument and indicate that it has a good unidimensional factorial structure. Moreover, the indices of factorial invariance show that its structure is generalizable with respect to the group of early-adolescents, emphasizing that it is also able to measure, and adequate for assessing, shyness in this developmental age. The RCBS also showed good internal reliability and, lastly, it demonstrated a good capacity to discriminate between two independent construct correlates. On the whole, the RCBS is also an appropriate self-report scale for measuring shyness in Italian samples and it also allows measurement of this construct in early-adolescence. Therefore, from this point of view, we regard that this instrument permits thorough analysis of shyness, through the perceptions that adolescent respondents have of themselves during this critical developmental stage which has received little attention in the literature
Romantic relationships in adolescents with internalizing and externalizing problems
Full text linkThe main focus of this study was to examine the influence that individual’ psychological problems have on involvement and quality of adolescents’ romantic relationships. A sample of 621 adolescents (308 males and 313 females) aged from 14 to 17 years was recruited for this study. Psychological problems were asessed by means of Youth Self-Report that assessed externalizing (aggressive, disruptive, hyperactive, antisocial, and delinquent behaviours) or internalizing (depression, anxiety, and social withdrawal) problems. Differently from previous studies, it has been differentiated “pure” externalizing or internalizing problems from comorbidity forms of psychological problems. Total number of partners and the mean of relationships’ duration were used to explore the quantitative aspects of romantic relationships. Network of Relationships Inventory and a Relationship Satisfaction Scale were employed to measure the positive (companionship, intimacy, reliable alliance and Support) and negative (Conflict, Antagonism, and Reliable Power) qualities. Results showed that both adolescents with pure externalizing or with comorbidity problems reported a higher total number of partners than adolescents with pure internalizing problems did. Furthermore, they had romantic relationships characterized by more negative qualitative features.
Key words: Internalizing and externalizing problems, comorbidity, quantitative and qualitative aspects of romantic relationships, adolescents.
The main focus of this study was to examine the influence that individual’ psychological problems have on involvement and quality of adolescents’ romantic relationships. A sample of 621 adolescents (308 males and 313 females) aged from 14 to 17 years was recruited for this study. Psychological problems were asessed by means of Youth Self-Report that assessed externalizing (aggressive, disruptive, hyperactive, antisocial, and delinquent behaviours) or internalizing (depression, anxiety, and social withdrawal) problems. Differently from previous studies, it has been differentiated “pure” externalizing or internalizing problems from comorbidity forms of psychological problems. Total number of partners and the mean of relationships’ duration were used to explore the quantitative aspects of romantic relationships. Network of Relationships Inventory and a Relationship Satisfaction Scale were employed to measure the positive (companionship, intimacy, reliable alliance and Support) and negative (Conflict, Antagonism, and Reliable Power) qualities. Results showed that both adolescents with pure externalizing or with comorbidity problems reported a higher total number of partners than adolescents with pure internalizing problems did. Furthermore, they had romantic relationships characterized by more negative qualitative features.
Key words: Internalizing and externalizing problems, comorbidity, quantitative and qualitative aspects of romantic relationships, adolescents
The role of vulnerable and grandiose narcissism in psychological abuse within couple relationships: the mediating role of romantic jealousy
No full textThe aim of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect relationships between the two phenotypes of narcissism, vulnerable and grandiose, and the tendency to perpetrate psychological abuse, exploring the mediating role of romantic jealousy. Our sample included 473 participants (213 males), aged 18–30 years (M = 22.74; SD = 2.81), involved in a stable romantic relationship. A structural equation modeling was conducted to test our model and a multigroup analysis was performed to test gender differences. Results show that the two forms of narcissism are both linked to psychological perpetrated abuse, but in different ways. Vulnerable narcissism was linked to psychological abuse only indirectly, through the role of romantic jealousy. On the contrary, grandiose narcissism was positively and directly associated with psychological abuse within the romantic relationship. Moreover, the model was invariant across genders. Limitations, strengths, and theoretical and clinical implications are discussed
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