12,828 research outputs found
The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
No full textThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
White Light Channeled Spectrum Interferometry for the On-line Surface Inspection
No full textIn the industries making high volume as well as large area foil products and flexible electronics, the deposition and patterning of multi-layer thin films on large area substrates is often involved in the manufacturing processes. For these types of product, the films must be uniform and largely perfect across most of the area of the foil. To achieve a high product yield, the key challenge is to inspect the foil surface at production speed as well as have the sufficient resolution to detect the defects resulting from the coating and patterning processes. After the effective inspection, further process like local repair technique can be applied to remove the defects.
We present a white light channeled spectrum interferometry (WLCSI) method that is effective for applications in on-line surface inspection because it can obtain a surface profile in a single shot. It has an advantage over existing spectral interferometry techniques by using cylindrical lenses as the objective lens in a Michelson interferometric configuration to enable the measurement of long profiles. The adjustable profile length in our experimental setup, determined by the NA of the illuminating system and the aperture of cylindrical lenses, is up to 10 mm. By translating the tested sample during the measurement procedure, fast and large-scale on-line surface inspection can be achieved.
The performance of the WLCSI was evaluated experimentally by measuring step heights. The measuring results closely align with the calibrated specifications given by the manufacturer as well as the measurement results by the other commercial instrument, which demonstrate that the proposed WLCSI could be applied to production line like the R2R surface inspection, where only defects on the film surface are concerned in terms of the quality control
Natural vibration of two-dimensional slender structure-water interaction systems subject to Sommerfeld radiation condition
No full textThe dynamic behaviour of 2-dimensional flexible slender structure-water interaction systems subject to a Sommerfeld radiation condition at the infinity boundary of the water domain is investigated. A new parameter, the speed of radiation wave, is introduced into the Sommerfeld radiation condition to consider the influences of both of the pressure wave and the free surface wave of the water, which is an extension of the original Sommerfeld condition. The governing equations describing the dynamic behaviour of the system are analysed and solved using a separation of variables method. It is demonstrated that the natural vibration of the 2-dimensional slender structure-water interaction system subject to a Sommerfeld radiation condition is governed by a complex eigenvalue equation which has only pairs of complex conjugate eigenvalues. The number of the pairs of complex conjugate natural frequencies equals the number of the natural modes of the corresponding dry structure and is independent of the continuous fluid domain which has infinite degrees of freedom. The examples, including four cases of shallow water, deep water, no free surface wave and incompressible water, demonstrate and illustrate the developed theoretical and numerical method
Some generalized variational principles for conservative holonomic dynamical systems
No full textFor four types of time boundary conditions, some generalized variational principles for conservative holonomic dynamical systems are developed. The traditional Hamilton's principle and its second form as well as Toupin's principle are special cases of the general principles given in this paper. The generalized principles provide several analytical approaches to study dynamical systems formulated in the following spaces: (q, t), (p, t), (q, p, t), (q, v, p, t), (q, Q, p, t) and (q, v, Q, p, t) where q represents the generalized coordinate, p the generalized momentum, Q the generalized force and v the generalized velocity. In the paper the second form of Hamilton's principle as stated by F. R. Gantmacher is discussed. From the accompanying analysis, new principles are developed and the principal paths as well as the alternative side paths corresponding to these new forms are illustrated and compared with the one originally presented by F. R. Gantmacher
A mixed finite element method for the dynamic analysis of coupled fluid-solid interaction problems
No full textOn the basis of a variational principle, a mixed finite element approach is developed to describe the linear dynamics of coupled fluid-structure interactions. The variables of acceleration in the elastic solid and pressure in the fluid are adopted as the arguments of the variational principle. These are chosen since they directly relate to many practical fluid-structure interaction dynamic problems involving free surface disturbances, e.g. a dam-water system, a fuel cell in an aircraft, etc. Matrix equations describing the motions are presented and four methods of solution discussed, each simplifying and approximating the matrix equations for easier application to solve various types of engineering problems. This is demonstrated by analysing a selection of fluid-structure interaction problems of practical interest. The examples illustrate the general principle and application of the described functional approach without need to resort to more complex dynamic problems which can be analysed in a similar manner
Nilodosis austrosinensis Tang & Cranston 2017, sp. n.
No full textNilodosis austrosinensis sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6 FAFC 229-4060-4106-B76F-44A21CE7678B Nilodosis sp. 'Guangdong', Tang and Yamamoto 2012: 209. Material examined. Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Conghua, Liuxihe Reservoir, 25.x.2014, light trap, leg. Jun Liu. Paratypes: ♀, Macau SAR, Coloane, Hac-Sa Reservoir, 10.xi.2014, leg. Hongqu Tang; ♀, as previous except 01.xii.2014; 2♂♂, one as holotype, the other with associated pupal exuviae reared in the lab, Macau SAR, Coloane, Hac-Sa Reservoir, 18.viii.2014, leg. Hongqu Tang (30.viii.2014 emerged) (ANIC); Pe, as holotype, 31.x.2014; 2 Pe, Macau SAR, Coloane, Hac-Sa Reservoir, 21.x.2014, leg. Hongqu Tang. Other examined material, 2 ♂♂, as holotype, 06.vii.2013, leg. Hongqu Tang. 2♂♂ in alcohol, as previous except 15.x.2009; 2♂♂ in alcohol, as previous except 26.vii.2016, leg. Hongqu Tang, Masaru Yamamoto and Nao Yamamoto; 2 L, as paratypes, one 18.ii.2014, another 21.x.2014; 12 Pe, Guangdong Province, Huazhou City, Hejiang Town, Tangkeng Country, 04.viii.2013, leg. Hongqu Tang; Pe, as previous except Pingding Town, 11.xi.2013; 3 Pe, as previous except Luo River in Huazhou section, 04.viii.2013; 3 Pe, as previous, except Changqi Town, Nan’an Country, 05.viii.2013; Pe, as previous, except 23.xi.2013. Description. Adult male (n = 4) total length 3.38–4.15, 3.72 mm (summer population larger, 4.15 mm), and abdomen 2.33–2.87, 2.54 mm. Wing length 1.58–2.00, 1.73 mm (summer average: 2.0 mm, autumn average: 1.6 mm). Ratio total length/wing length 2.06–2.31, 2.18. Ratio wing length/length of profemur 1.88–2.08, 1.97. Colour. Head and thorax brown to dark brown. Mesonotum with central dark band and 2 lateral dark vittae, central one usually separated into 2 narrow bands by yellowish area bearing acrostichals. Postnotum black. Abdominal tergites dark brown, fainter in intersegmental area, but lacking clear markings. Legs with distinctive pattern (Fig. 1B), coxa usually dark brown, trochanter usually yellow, without dark pigment. Profemur usually with proximal 1/2 whitish, mid–femur largely dark brown, hind–femur usually with 2 whitish areas. All tibiae seem alike, each with 2 whitish bands, one located in the proximal 1/6, the other in sub–apical area. Ta1–2 largely pale yellow, with distal joints area dark brown, ta4–5 usually dark brown, without pale area. Ta3 varies between legs, proximal 1/3 pale on proleg, whole brown on midleg, proximal 4/5 pale on hind leg. Head. AR 1.33–1.49, 1.43. Segment 1–12 450–480, 458 µm long, ultimate flagellomere 600–715, 655 µm long. Temporal setae 10 including 4–5 inner verticals and 4 outer verticals. Clypeus with 16–20, 18 setae. Tentorium 118–130, 122 µm long, 30–40, 35 µm wide. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 40–50, 45; 20–40, 36; 190–200, 195; 130–150, 140; 155–185, 173. Palpomere 4 shorter than 3rd and 5th, 5th/3rd 0.81–0.95, 0.90 (Fig. 1C). Wing (Fig. 2A). Wing rather smoky, with some faint punctation under high magnification. VR 0.97–1.01, 0.99; R with 8–14, 10, R1 with 13–18, 15, R4+5 with 20–26, 24 setae. Squama with 2–4, 3 setae. Thorax (Fig. 1A). Dorsocentrals 10–15, 13, acrostichals 8–12, 10, starting at antepronotum, prealars 3–4. Scutellum with 6–10, 8 setae. Legs (Fig. 1D–F). Arcuate curved long tibial spur on the tibiae of all legs, of which fore tibia spur is largest, 50–60, 55 µm long, while mid tibial spur relatively small. Combs on mid and hind tibiae fused, occupying about half circumference. Pulvilli vestigial. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs in Table 1. Male Fe Ti Ta1 Ta2 P1 800–975, 885 430–525, 468 960–965, 963 700–750, 735 P2 680–800, 750 550–700, 632 520–530, 528 220–230, 226 P3 820–1000, 910 610–775, 687 800–820, 810 350–380, 370 Ta3 Ta4 Ta5 LR P1 450–510, 487 380–430, 415 120–200, 145 2.08–2.15, 2.11 P2 160–170, 165 115–120, 118 80–90, 85 0.86–0.88, 0.87 P3 290–305, 298 170–200, 188 110–120, 117 1.21–1.29, 1.24 Hypopygium (Fig. 2B). Tergite VIII not constricted at base. Anal point 30–33, 32 µm long, relatively short, tapered from base, and apically slightly pointed (Fig. 2C). Anal tergite bands fused in oval area, with 6–8 median setae in pale area. Phallapodeme 60–65, 63 µm long. Transverse sternapodeme 38–40, 39 µm long, sternapodeme narrow with slight oro-lateral projection. Gonocoxite 95–100, 97 µm long. Superior volsella (Fig. 2D–G) bearing elongate, bare, apically hooked digitus, 40–55, 48 µm long, the basal section widest, with expanded setose and microtrichiose pad, usually bearing 3 strong long setae. Inferior volsella 58–63, 60 µm long, bulbous apically, extending slightly beyond the apex of anal point. Gonostylus 100–125, 110 µm long, with 8–10, 9 long setae along inner margin, apex narrow. HR 1.09–1.45, 1.27. HV 2.30–2.38, 2.33. Adult female (n = 2) Medium–sized with abdomen length 2.45–3.25 mm, wing length 1.72–2.15 mm. Color as in male, with same distinctive leg pattern. Head. Antenna with 6 flagellomeres, lengths (in µm): 50–60, 55; 55–65, 57.5; 65–70, 68.8; 65–80, 71.5; 62– 70, 65.6; 115–125, 122.5. AR 0.36–0.42, 0.39. Each segment of 1–5 with 2–3 sensilla, pale, distal segment dark brown, with 4–5 pale spots (Fig. 1G). Eye bare, with slight dorsomedial extension. Frontal tubercles absent. Inner verticals 2–3, outer verticals 4–6, clypeals 24–27. Palp 5-segmented, lengths (in µm): 45–50, 46.5; 25–35, 30; 180– 245, 211.3; 120–180, 156.3; 210–240, 225; palp 2 rectangular, shorter than wide; palp 3 approximately 6× as long as wide; palp 4 slightly shorter, approximately 5× as long as wide, palp 5 subequal to 3rd. Thorax. Antepronotal lobes medially divided at notch. Acrostichals 10–14, uniserial, dorsocentrals 8–11, prealars 2–3, supraalars 1, scutellars 5–6. Wing. Grey, with fine to fair punctuation. Anal lobe reduced, costa not extended. R with 18–27 setae, R1 with 18–30, R2+3 without seta, R4+5 with 36–55. VR around 1.0. Squama with 3–4 setae. Legs. Similar to males, mensural features in Table 2. Genitalia (Fig.2H). Gonocoxapodeme gently curved, not fused medially. Gonapophysis VIII with only dorsomesal lobe, covered with some small microtrichia, the apex usually curved. Ventrolateral lobe and apodeme lobe absent. Labium with microtrichia. Gonocoxite IX small, with 4–8 setae. Postgenital plate large, with long setae and fine microtrichia. Seminal capsules oval. Cerci somewhat elongated and spindle shaped. Female Fe Ti Ta1 Ta2 P1 900–1025, 962 510–600, 548 1125–1250, 1188 825–950, 887 P2 790–920, 870 680–790, 750 530–640, 585 210–160, 238 P3 990–1150, 1088 750–870, 815 840–1025, 935 390–500, 450 Ta 3 Ta4 Ta 5 LR P1 540–675, 608 480–550, 515 220–238, 230 2.08–2.21, 2.15 P2 160–180, 175 110–140, 125 80–110, 95 0.75–0.79, 0.78 P3 310–350, 330 190–225, 208 137–142, 140 1.12–1.18, 1.15 Pupa (n = 4). Exuviae yellow-grey, apophyses brown. Total length 4.63–5.95, 5.15 mm, abdomen length 3.50– 4.80, 3.98 mm. Cephalic tubercles and frontal setae absent (Fig. 3A). Thoracic horn with 6–8 main branches, basal ring pearl– shaped (Fig. 3B). Mid–thorax with conspicuously large tubercles at median suture (Fig. 3C). Antepronotum with 1 median and 2 lateral setae. 3 fine precorneals; dorsocentrals: dc1 close to dc2, separated clearly from approximated dc3 and dc4, all subequal and fine, 50–60, 55 µm. Abdomen: Tergite I bare, II–VII with areas of fine spinules, subquadrate on II–V, with paired longitudinal bands on VI and anterior transverse patch on VII. Tergite VIII (seldom with a few anterolateral spinules) and anal segment bare (Fig. 3D). Tergite II hook row continuous, 400–550, 463 µm long, 0.68–0.74, 0.72 times as wide as corresponding tergite width, comprising 65–100, 82 small hooks. Conjunctives III/IV and IV/V with narrow row of small anteriorly directed spinules, with complete band in the former, and interrupted in the latter. Sternites IV and V bare, VI–VIII with anterior paired spinule patches, I–III with patches strongly developed and extending posterolaterally (Fig. 3E). Vortex present on parasternites IV and V, present only as darkened areas on parasternites VI–VII; pedes spurii B rounded, protruding on segment II. Posterolateral corner of segment VIII with strong multispined mace (Fig. 3F). Anal lobe ratio 1.93–2.14, 2.05. Setation.Segment I with 2 D, 1 V and with 1 L setae; II–VII with 4–5 D, 2– 3 V; 3 L on II–IV, V–VII with 4 lateral taeniae, VIII with 0 D, 2 V, 5 lateral taeniae, two V setae rather stoutly taeniate. Anal lobe rather elongate, with fringe of 45–82, 62 taeniae, biserial over anterior 1/5, mainly uniserial in middle 2/5 and becoming more crowded to biserial in posterior 1/5. Without dorsal taeniate seta. Genital sac of male extending beyond apex of anal lobes, female genital sac shorter than the anal lobe and with a fused hyaline “cercus” extending clearly from the anal lobe. Larva. As described by Tang & Yamamoto (2012) under the name Nilodosis sp. 'Guangdong'. Etymology. From Latin, meaning southern China, referring to the type locality.Published as part of Tang, Hongqu & Cranston, Peter S., 2017, Review of Nilodosis Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae), with description of a new species from South China, pp. 339-346 in Zootaxa 4353 (2) on pages 340-345, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4353.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/106523
Molecular characterization of G6PD deficiency by natural and Amplification created restriction sites - Five mutations account for most Glucose-6- phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency cases in Taiwan
No full textHealth Benefit Assessment for Urban Public Bicycle System
No full text近年來，為求減緩全球暖化及能源危機等重大環境問題，「永續發展」已成為世界各國都市交通的重要政策。永續交通政策中，「公共自行車系統」(Public Bike System)或稱「自行車共享系統」(Bike-Share System)已成為許多國家追求改善交通環境、降低空氣汙染及碳排之重要建設目標。公共自行車系統除了作為服務旅次需求之運具外，對於環境保護層面，有降低汙染、減少碳排及能耗的效益；對於都市交通，公共自行車能替代機動運具，改善道路壅塞並提升城市形象；而對於使用者而言，使用者在以自行車滿足旅運需求的同時，騎乘自行車之身體活動(Physical activity)對於健康也有相當大的正面效益，而此健康效益不僅能使個人生活品質提升、減少心血管疾病發病率、降低死亡率，甚至提升心理健康，對於整個社會也會帶來相當大的經濟效益。
我國公共自行車使用也日益盛行，台北市與高雄市之公共自行車系統皆有相當出色之營運規模，民眾使用率亦逐年提升，新北、台中、彰化、台南、新竹等城市也都陸續推出公共自行車系統。本研究之目的即在建立公共自行車系統之健康經濟效益評估模式，評估公共自行車使用者於都市中騎乘時所獲得之健康效益而減少之死亡率相對風險，同時也考慮暴露於空氣汙染懸浮微粒之健康風險而增加之死亡率風險，並以此推算社會整體獲得之康經濟效益。
本研究應用所建模式針對台北市與高雄市進行案例分析，研究顯示台北市與高雄市之公共自行車使用，於騎乘時所獲得之身體活動健康效益皆大於暴露於空氣汙染懸浮微粒之健康風險。本研究以情境假設，探討不同環境條件與騎乘程度對使用者健康效益與風險之影響。研究所建立之評估模式與實證結果將有助於決策者及營運業者規劃評估公共自行車之參考。In recent years, in order to mitigate significant environmental issues, such as global warming and the energy crisis, "Sustainable Development" has become an important transportation policy for many metropolises all around the world.
Among various sustainable transportation policies, the Public Bike System or so call Bike-Share System has become the important transportation infrastructure in many countries for improving traffic environment, reducing traffic pollution and carbon emissions. Public bike system can not only serve the demand of transportation, but also benefits our society environmentally and our healthiness as well. Many researches indicate that those who regularly do cycling, could gain tremendous health benefits form reducing risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and decreasing mortality rates, and help to improve mental health as well. And, those health benefits to our bodies could also become great economic benefits to our society.
In Taiwan, the trend of cycling has gone widely nowadays. The Public Bike systems in Taipei City and Kaohsiung City both have remarkable operation scale and usage. And now, New Taipei city, Taichung, Changsha, Tainan and Hsinchu are all starting their urban public bike system plan. The purpose of this study is to establish a health economic assessment model for our urban public bicycle system by assessing both the health benefits from the regularly physical activity and the heath impact from air pollutions exposures during cycling with relative risk in all-cause mortality.
This study used the model to assess the public bike system both in Taipei and Kaohsiung. The result shows that the cyclist both in Taipei and Kaohsiung could gain more health benefits then health impacts during cycling. And also, compare to those who don’t do cycling, cyclist would have lower relative risk of mortality. This study discuss the health benefit and impact under different environment and cycling scenarios. Hope this model and the results of assessment could be the reference for policy makers and operators.目 錄
誌謝 II
摘要 IV
Abstract V
圖 目 錄 III
表 目 錄 IV
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究範圍與對象 3
1.4研究方法 4
1.5 研究內容與流程 4
第二章 文獻回顧 7
2.1 自行車行為之健康效益與風險 7
2.1.1 身體活動之健康效益 7
2.1.2 暴露於空氣汙染之健康風險 12
2.1.3 暴露於交通事故之意外風險 14
2.2 國外自行車行為之公共健康評估模式與案例 17
2.2.1 Health economic assessment tool (HEAT) for Cycling & Walking 17
2.2.2 各國評估案例 23
2.3 文獻回顧小結 35
第三章 評估模式構建 37
3.2 模式基本假設 40
3.3 符號說明 41
3.3 公共自行車系統健康經濟效益評估模式建構 43
3.3.1 公共自行車系統使用者騎乘資料分析 43
3.3.2 身體活動健康效益與暴露空氣污染健康風險評估 44
3.3.3 整體使用者健康經濟效益評估 46
第四章 案例分析與評估 47
4.1 台北市Youbike公共自行車系統分析與評估 47
4.1.1台北市Youbike公共自行車系統2013年8月營運資料 47
4.1.2台北市Youbike公共自行車系統2013年10月營運資料。 53
4.2 高雄市C-Bike公共自行車系統分析與評估 58
4.2.1 高雄市C-Bike公共自行車系統2013年8月營運資料 58
4.2.2 高雄市C-Bike公共自行車系統2013年10月營運資料 63
4.3 案例評估結果綜合分析 69
第五章 情境假設與敏感度分析 71
5.1 情境假設概述 71
5.2 情境評估分析 72
5.2.1 台北市YouBike系統10月案例之各情境數值設定與評估結果 72
5.3 敏感度分析 74
5.3.1 敏感度分析-日騎乘時數 75
5.3.2 敏感度分析-最近監測站PM2.5濃度 76
5.3.3 敏感度分析-背景監測站PM2.5濃度 78
5.3.4 敏感度分析-使用者會員人數 79
第六章 結論與建議 81
6.1 結論 81
6.2 建議 83
參考文獻 8
Tu Tu Tu - Ta Ta
No full textTu tu tu - Ta ta is a five-sound pattern produced by the Afro-Latin instrument known as clave. The clave serves as a fundamental rhythmic cell, integral to every Afro-Latin and Latin American traditional genre. This pattern forms the foundation and structure of the music, guiding the arrangement and direction of all other instruments. In this project, the author metaphorically uses tu tu tu - ta ta to represent the concept of home, symbolizing the key to one\u27s inner roots and the map to one\u27s own heart. Through this metaphor, tu tu tu - ta ta is explored as the sound of home, encapsulating the essence of belonging and identity.https://remix.berklee.edu/graduate-studies-cmat/1105/thumbnail.jp
Substructure-subdomain methods for power flow analysis of fluid-structure interaction dynamics
No full text- …
