223,430 research outputs found
Towards a cognitively realistic computational model of team problem solving using ACT-R agents and the ELICIT experimentation framework
No full textThe aim of cognitive social simulation is to improve our understanding of the complex inter-play between factors that are spread across the cognitive, social and technological domains. This makes cognitive social simulation techniques particularly appealing as a means to undertake experiments into socially-distributed cognition. The current paper reports on the results of an ongoing effort to develop a cognitive social simulation capability that can be used to undertake studies into team cognition using the ACT-R cognitive architecture. The focus of the cognitive modeling effort associated with the development of the simulation capability is a particular team-based problem solving task that forms part of the Experimental Laboratory for Investigating Collaboration, Information-sharing, and Trust (ELICIT) experimentation framework. This task has been used with human subjects to investigate the effect of different command and control organizational structures on collective problem solving performance. The results of the cognitive modeling effort are presented and future work to extend both the simulation capability and the cognitive model are outlined. By comparing the results obtained with the ACT-R simulation capability with those obtained from previous experiments using the ELICIT experimentation framework, it should be possible to evaluate the extent to which ACT-R agents exhibit performance profiles similar to those of their human counterparts. This will support the effort to evaluate the extent to which cognitive social simulation experiments with ACT-R can be used to generate findings of predictive and explanatory relevance to future studies using the ELICIT experimentation framework
Stenus zhujianqingi Tang, Li & Wang 2012
No full textStenus zhujianqingi Tang, Li & Wang, 2012 Stenus zhujianqingi Tang, Li & Wang, 2012: 44. Material examined. China: Zhejiang: 4♂♂ 1♀, Qingliangfeng N. R., Longtangshan, 1100m, 12.V.2012, Chen, Ma & Zhao leg. (SHNU); 2♂♂ 3♀♀, Qingliangfeng N. R., Qianqingtang, 30°18'N 119°17'E, 1100m, 17.V.2012, Chen, Ma & Zhao leg. (SHNU)Published as part of Hu, Cheng-Zhi & Tang, Liang, 2018, Notes on the Stenus indubius group with descriptions of four new species from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), pp. 341-350 in Zootaxa 4471 (2) on page 348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4471.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/143976
Socially-distributed cognition and cognitive architectures: towards an ACT-R-based cognitive social simulation capability
No full textACT-R is one of the most widely used cognitive architectures, and it has been used to model hundreds of phenomena described in the cognitive psychology literature. In spite of this, there are relatively few studies that have attempted to apply ACT-R to situations involving social interaction. This is an important omission since the social aspects of cognition have been a growing area of interest in the cognitive science community, and an understanding of the dynamics of collective cognition is of particular importance in many organizational settings. In order to support the computational modeling and simulation of socially-distributed cognitive processes, a simulation capability based on the ACT-R architecture is described. This capability features a number of extensions to the core ACT-R architecture that are intended to support social interaction and collaborative problem solving. The core features of a number of supporting applications and services are also described. These applications/services support the execution, monitoring and analysis of simulation experiments. Finally, a system designed to record human behavioral data in a collective problem-solving task is described. This system is being used to undertake a range of experiments with teams of human subjects, and it will ultimately support the development of high fidelity ACT-R cognitive models. Such models can be used in conjunction with the ACT-R simulation capability to test hypotheses concerning the interaction between cognitive, social and technological factors in tasks involving socially-distributed information processing
The ACT-R Unity Interface: Integrating ACT-R with the Unity Game Engine
No full textCognitive architectures are computational frameworks that support the development of computational models of human cognitive processes. They have typically been used to advance our understanding of human cognition in specific task environments; however, they have also been used to support the development of a variety of intelligent systems and agents (e.g., cognitive robots). There are a broad range of reasons to motivate the effort to integrate cognitive architectures with virtual environments. These include the development of intelligent virtual characters for the purposes of training simulations, enhanced gameplay experiences and the modelling of user/gamer behaviour. Virtual environments also support simulations of actual real-world environments (e.g., using physics engines and advanced lighting models) that can be used to perform computational simulations into embedded, extended, and embodied cognition. In the current report, we describe the effort to develop an integration framework that enables the ACT-R cognitive architecture to be used in conjunction with the Unity game engine. The resulting framework, referred to as the ACT-R Unity Integration (ACT-R UI) framework, enables individual ACT-R models to control the behaviour of virtual non-player characters that inhabit 3D virtual environments built on top of Unity. We first provide an overview of the ACT-R architecture and the Unity game engine. We describe the key features of both systems and discuss why they provide such a compelling target for integration. We then go on to describe the nature of the integration solution itself. We outline the extensions to the ACT-R architecture that enable ACT-R models to exchange information with Unity, and we also present the Unity components that enable virtual characters to be controlled or influenced by ACT-R models. Finally, we provide a concrete example of the use of the ACT-R UI. In particular, we show how an ACT-R model can be used to control the behaviour of a virtual robotic character that inhabits a Unity-based virtual environment
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
An Adaptive Moving Mesh Method for Two-Dimensional Relativistic Hydrodynamics
No full textThis paper extends the adaptive moving mesh method developed by Tang and Tang [36] to two-dimensional (2D) relativistic hydrodynamic (RHD) equations. The algorithm consists of two "independent" parts: the time evolution of the RHD equations and the (static) mesh iteration redistribution. In the first part, the RHD equations are discretized by using a high resolution finite volume scheme on the fixed but nonuniform meshes without the full characteristic decomposition of the governing equations. The second part is an iterative procedure. In each iteration, the mesh points are first redistributed, and then the cell averages of the conservative variables are remapped onto the new mesh in a conservative way. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000301923300006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Physics, MathematicalSCI(E)15ARTICLE1114-1461
Rhyncocheilus gonggashanus Tang, Schillhammer & Zhao 2021, sp. n.
No full textRhyncocheilus gonggashanus Tang, Schillhammer & Zhao sp. n. (Figs. 9, 10, 25–27, 50–53) Rhyncocheilus griseosericans; Schillhammer, 2012: 199 (partim). Type material. Holotype. China: Sichuan: ³, glued on a card with labels as follows: “ China: Sichuan Prov., Mt. Gonggashan, Hailuogou, Qingshibangou, alt. 2300 m, 15.VII.2011, Huang Hao leg.” “ Holotype / Rhyncocheilus gonggashanus / Tang, Schillhammer & Zhao” [red handwritten label] (SHNU). Paratypes. 1♀, same data as for the holotype (SHNU); 1³, same locality, alt. 1900–2000 m, 26.VII.2006, Hu & Tang leg. (SHNU); 1³ 1♀, 40 km S Luding, Moxi village, Hailuogou glacier park, Gongga Shan, 2000–3200 m, 14–20.VIII.1995, J. Schneider leg. (CSS, NMW). Description. Measurements of male: BL: 18.0 mm, FL: 11.3–12.1 mm, HL: 2.89–3.17 mm, HW: 2.84–3.03 mm, EYL: 1.06 mm, TL: 1.28–1.56 mm, PL: 2.78 mm, PW: 2.78–2.84 mm, EL: 4.78–5.23 mm, EW: 5.00– 5.28 mm. HW/HL: 0.96–0.98, TL/EYL: 1.21–1.47, PL/PW: 0.98–1.00, EL/EW: 0.96–0.99. Measurements of female: BL: 24.6 mm, FL: 14.0 mm, HL: 3.67 mm, HW: 3.39 mm, EYL: 1.11 mm, TL: 1.95 mm, PL: 3.34 mm, PW: 3.56 mm, EL: 5.73 mm, EW: 6.56 mm. HW/HL: 0.92, TL/EYL: 1.75, PL/PW: 0.94, EL/ EW: 0.87. The new species is extremely similar in appearance to Rhyncocheilus griseosericans (Fairmaire, 1894), and the external characters have been described in the redescription part of R. griseosericans (page 199 in Schillhammer, 2012). Therefore, only a few diagnostic characters of the new species versus R. griseosericans need to be mentioned here: median basal portion of head is more convex than that of R. griseosericans; surface of labrum (Fig. 27) with more setae than that of R. griseosericans; silvery pubescent patch of elytra longer than that of R. griseosericans; silvery pubescent patch of abdominal tergite VII longer than that of R. griseosericans. Male. Head (Fig. 25) with posterior angles less prominent; sternites VII and VIII emarginate in the middle of posterior margin; aedeagus (Figs 50, 51) with median lobe similar to that of R. griseosericans, but apicolateral projection more prominent (Fig. 52); paramere slightly shorter than median lobe, slenderer than in R. griseosericans, apex rounded, inner side of apical portion densely covered with peg setae (Fig. 53), which are distinctly less numerous than in R. griseosericans. Female. Head (Fig. 26) with posterior angles more prominent; sternites VII and VIII with posterior margin en- tire. The silvery pubescent patch of elytra is somewhat shorter than that of males: a larger humeral portion remains uncovered by the silvery pubescence. Whether this is variability or sexual dimorphism cannot be judged based on the small number of specimens presently available. Distribution. China (Sichuan). Diagnosis. The differences between R. griseosericans and the new species have been mentioned above. The new species is also similar to R. sommersgutteri, Schillhammer, 2004 from Sichuan, but it may be distinguished from the latter by the darker body color, the more extensive silvery pubescent patch of abdominal tergite VII and the different shape of the aedeagus. Etymology. This specific name is derived from the type locality of the new species.Published as part of Tang, Liang, Schillhammer, Harald & Zhao, Xin, 2021, Notes on the genus Rhyncocheilus in China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae Staphylininae) with descriptions of three new species, pp. 99-112 in Zootaxa 4948 (1) on pages 104-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4948.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/461617
UPLC-MS/MS Determination of Twelve Ginsenosides in Shenfu Tang and Dushen Tang
No full textShenfu Tang and Dushen Tang (one of the composite medicines for Shenfu Tang) are widely used Traditional Chinese herbal formulations and ginsenosides are their main bioactive components. However, there are rare studies about simultaneous analysis of ginsenosides in Shenfu Tang and Dushen Tang. In order to identify ginsenosides in Shenfu Tang and Dushen Tang and to explore law of compatibility of medicines in the decoction, a method for simultaneous determination of twelve ginsenosides in Shenfu Tang and Dushen Tang was developed by ultraresolution liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The method showed satisfactory linearity (r > 0.9915), repeatability (RSD < 9.58%), intra- and interday precisions (RSD<11.90%), and high yields of recovery (92.26-113.20%) for twelve major constituents, namely, ginsenosides-Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rg3, Rh1, and F2. Furthermore, the concentration of twelve ginsenosides in Dushen Tang and Shenfu Tang was also simultaneously analyzed. Most of ginsenosides except Rg1 and Rb1 showed higher contents in Shenfu Tang compared to Dushen Tang. The compatibility of the formula had the effect of promoting or inhibiting the dissolution of some major components. The present research provided a reliable evidence for the illustration of chemical basis and compatibility regularity of Shenfu Tang. This study demonstrated the utility of the developed method for assessment of the quantity of the major constituents in Dushen Tang and Shenfu Tang
Carbon cycling and POC turnover in the mesopelagic zone of the ocean: Insights from a simple model
No full textCarbon budgets of the mesopelagic zone are poorly constrained, highlighting our lack of understanding of the biota that inhabit this environment and their role in the cycling and sequestering of carbon in the deep ocean. A simple food web model of the mesopelagic zone is presented that traces the turnover of particulate organic carbon (POC), supplied as sinking detritus, through to its respiration by the biota via three pathways: colonization and solubilization of detritus by attached bacteria, production of free-living bacteria following losses of solubilization products during particle degradation, and consumption by detritivorous zooplankton. The relative consumption of detritus by attached bacteria was initially specified as 76%, with the remaining 24% by detritivores. Highlighting an asymmetry between consumption and respiration, the resulting predicted share of total respiration due to bacteria was 84.7%, with detritivores accounting for just 6.6% (with 6.5% and 2.2% by bacterivores and higher zooplankton, respectively). Bacteria thus dominated respiration and thereby acted as the principal sink for POC supplied to the mesopelagic zone, whereas zooplankton mainly recycled carbon back to the base of the food web as detritus or dissolved organic carbon rather than respiring it to CO2. Estimates of respiration are therefore not necessarily a reliable indicator of the relative roles of bacteria and zooplankton in consuming and processing POC in the mesopelagic zone of the ocean. The work highlighted a number of major unknowns, including how little we know in general about the dynamics and metabolic budgets of bacteria and zooplankton that inhabit the mesopelagic zone and, specifically, the degree to which the solubilized products of enzymatic hydrolysis of POC by attached bacteria are lost to the surrounding water, the magnitude and factors responsible for bacterial growth efficiency, the role of microbes in the nutrition of detritivores, and the recycling processes by which zooplankton return what they consume to the food web as detritus and dissolved organic matter
Enicospilus longitarsis Tang 1990
No full textEnicospilus longitarsis Tang, 1990 Fig. 45 Enicospilus longitarsis Tang, 1990: 82; holotype ♀ from China (IZCAS). Diagnosis Interocellar area reddish brown; clypeus moderately convex, ventral margin acute; mandible moderately long, twisted ca 20°, outer surface with a diagonal setose groove; fore wing fenestra with proximal and distal sclerites, distal sclerite stout, connected to proximal sclerite; epicnemial carina strong, bent towards anterior margin of mesopleuron; fore tibia with many long spines on outer surface. Material examined VIETNAM • 1 ♀; Cao Bang Province, Phia Oac - Phia Den NP; 22°35′18.2″ N, 105°52′33.2″ E; 1200 m a.s.l.; 22 May 2020; Hoang V.T. and Pham V.P. leg.; light trap; IEBR. Remarks The Vietnamese specimen has the fore wing length 17.5 mm, slightly shorter than the holotype specimen (18.0 mm), with SDI = 1.53 (vs 1.38 in the holotype) and hind wing NI = 1.5 (vs 2.0). Its antenna has 73 flagellomeres (vs 76 in the holotype). Otherwise agreeing with the description of Tang (1990). Distribution Previously known from China (Tang 1990; Yu et al. 2016). It is the first record of this species from Vietnam.Published as part of Pham, Nhi Thi, Pham, Phu Van, Matsumoto, Rikio, Shimizu, So & Broad, Gavin R., 2023, A review of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) from Vietnam, with descriptions of ten new species, pp. 1-151 in European Journal of Taxonomy 873 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.873.2133, http://zenodo.org/record/803802
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