2,150 research outputs found
Evaluations of Lifestyle, Dietary, and Pharmacologic Treatments for Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review
No full textThere are no approved treatments for pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and there is a lack of consensus on the best outcome measure for randomized controlled trials. We performed a systematic review of treatments tested for pediatric NAFLD, the degree of heterogeneity in trial design, and endpoints analyzed in these studies
Replication Data for: Imaging radiation-induced gastrointestinal, bone marrow injury and recovery kinetics using 18F-FDG PET
No full textPositron emission tomography using 18F-Fluro-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG) is a useful tool to detect regions of inflammation in patients. We utilized this imaging technique to investigate the kinetics of gastrointestinal recovery after radiation exposure and the role of bone marrow in the recovery process.
Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham irradiated, irradiated with their upper half body shielded (UHBS) at a dose of 7.5 Gy, or whole body irradiated (WBI) with 4 or 7.5 Gy. Animals were imaged using 18F-FDG PET/CT at 5, 10 and 35 days post-radiation exposure. The gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow were analyzed for 18F-FDG uptake. Tissue was collected at all-time points for histological analysis.
Results: Following 7.5 Gy irradiation, there was a significant increase in inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract as indicated by the significantly higher 18F-FDG uptake compared to sham. UHBS animals had a significantly higher activity compared to 7.5 Gy WBI at 5 days post-exposure. Animals that received 4 Gy WBI did not show any significant increase in uptake compared to sham. Analysis of the bone marrow showed a significant decrease of uptake in the 7.5 Gy animals 5 days post-irradiation, albeit not observed in the 4 Gy group. Interestingly, as the metabolic activity of the gastrointestinal tract returned to sham levels in UHBS animals it was accompanied by an increase in metabolic activity in the bone marrow. At 35 days post-exposure both gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow 18F-FDG uptake returned to sham levels.
Conclusion: 18F-FDG imaging is a tool that can be used to study the inflammatory response of the gastrointestinal tract and changes in bone marrow metabolism caused by radiation exposure. The recovery of the gastrointestinal tract coincides with an increase in bone marrow metabolism in partially shielded animals. These findings further demonstrate the relationship between the gastrointestinal syndrome and bone marrow recovery, and that this interaction can be studied using non-invasive imaging modalities
Replication Data for: Imaging radiation-induced gastrointestinal, bone marrow injury and recovery kinetics using 18F-FDG PET
No full textPositron emission tomography using 18F-Fluro-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG) is a useful tool to detect regions of inflammation in patients. We utilized this imaging technique to investigate the kinetics of gastrointestinal recovery after radiation exposure and the role of bone marrow in the recovery process.
Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham irradiated, irradiated with their upper half body shielded (UHBS) at a dose of 7.5 Gy, or whole body irradiated (WBI) with 4 or 7.5 Gy. Animals were imaged using 18F-FDG PET/CT at 5, 10 and 35 days post-radiation exposure. The gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow were analyzed for 18F-FDG uptake. Tissue was collected at all-time points for histological analysis.
Results: Following 7.5 Gy irradiation, there was a significant increase in inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract as indicated by the significantly higher 18F-FDG uptake compared to sham. UHBS animals had a significantly higher activity compared to 7.5 Gy WBI at 5 days post-exposure. Animals that received 4 Gy WBI did not show any significant increase in uptake compared to sham. Analysis of the bone marrow showed a significant decrease of uptake in the 7.5 Gy animals 5 days post-irradiation, albeit not observed in the 4 Gy group. Interestingly, as the metabolic activity of the gastrointestinal tract returned to sham levels in UHBS animals it was accompanied by an increase in metabolic activity in the bone marrow. At 35 days post-exposure both gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow 18F-FDG uptake returned to sham levels.
Conclusion: 18F-FDG imaging is a tool that can be used to study the inflammatory response of the gastrointestinal tract and changes in bone marrow metabolism caused by radiation exposure. The recovery of the gastrointestinal tract coincides with an increase in bone marrow metabolism in partially shielded animals. These findings further demonstrate the relationship between the gastrointestinal syndrome and bone marrow recovery, and that this interaction can be studied using non-invasive imaging modalities
Ny gymnasieskola : En beskrivning av GY-2007
No full textSAMMANFATTNING Den här uppsatsen behandlar den nya gymnasieskolan, GY-2007, som ska tas i bruk från och med 1 juli 2007. De reformer som ledde fram till dagens gymnasieskola redovisas för att få en bild av hur den vuxit fram. GY-2007 beskrivs med utgångspunkt i den regeringsproposition 2003/04:140 Kunskap och kvalitet – elva steg för utvecklingen av gymnasieskolan, som ligger till grund för reformen. I uppsatsen jämförs den nuvarande gymnasieskolan med framtidens gymnasieskola, GY-2007, för att peka på de skillnader som finns och vad de kan tänkas innebära. Författarens syfte med uppsatsen är att ta reda på mer om och beskriva GY-2007. De frågor som ställs är finns det några likheter och skillnader mellan dagens gymnasieskola och GY- 2007 och vad kan de tänkas innebära? Det är endast förändringarna som rör ungdomsgymnasiet som behandlas. Det finns inga stora reformnyheter med GY-2007, ett par steg undantagna. GY-207 bygger på nuvarande gymnasieskolas reformer och de förändringar som gjorts är i vissa fall återgång till tidigare system eller utveckling av det nuvarande. Materialet som behandlats är till största del offentligt tryck som statens offentliga utredningar (SOU) och regeringspropositioner. En del facklitteratur som behandlar framväxten av dagens skola har använts liksom material från Internet, tidningsartiklar samt en intervju med en gymnasielärare i historia. Uppsatsen är beskrivande, deskriptiv, men eftersom en jämförelse mellan dagens gymnasieskola och GY-2007 görs med efterföljande utvärdering är den även komparativ och normativ.In this paper a description is made of the future senior high school, GY-2007, valid from July 1st 2007. It describes the reforms which led to the senior high school of today in order to give an understanding of its structure. The description of GY-2007 is based on the government bill 2003/04:140 Kunskap och kvalitet – elva steg för utvecklingen av gymnasieskolan. (Knowledge and quality – eleven steps for the development of the senior high school) The author wants to find out more about and describe GY-2007. Questions asked are whether there are any similarities or differences between the senior high school of today and the future senior high school GY-2007. What consequences can be expected? Only changes related to education of young people are dealt with. There are, with a few exceptions, no major news in the government bill. GY-2007 is a reorganization of earlier reforms. The suggested changes in the bill are a development of the present senior high school or partly a return to earlier structures. The material used is, in the first hand, official publications such as researches and government bills. Also material from the Internet, articles from newspapers and an interview with a teacher are used. The essay is descriptive but since a comparison between today’s senior high school and GY-2007 is made, and followed by an evaluation it is also comparative and normative
Ny gymnasieskola : En beskrivning av GY-2007
No full textSAMMANFATTNING Den här uppsatsen behandlar den nya gymnasieskolan, GY-2007, som ska tas i bruk från och med 1 juli 2007. De reformer som ledde fram till dagens gymnasieskola redovisas för att få en bild av hur den vuxit fram. GY-2007 beskrivs med utgångspunkt i den regeringsproposition 2003/04:140 Kunskap och kvalitet – elva steg för utvecklingen av gymnasieskolan, som ligger till grund för reformen. I uppsatsen jämförs den nuvarande gymnasieskolan med framtidens gymnasieskola, GY-2007, för att peka på de skillnader som finns och vad de kan tänkas innebära. Författarens syfte med uppsatsen är att ta reda på mer om och beskriva GY-2007. De frågor som ställs är finns det några likheter och skillnader mellan dagens gymnasieskola och GY- 2007 och vad kan de tänkas innebära? Det är endast förändringarna som rör ungdomsgymnasiet som behandlas. Det finns inga stora reformnyheter med GY-2007, ett par steg undantagna. GY-207 bygger på nuvarande gymnasieskolas reformer och de förändringar som gjorts är i vissa fall återgång till tidigare system eller utveckling av det nuvarande. Materialet som behandlats är till största del offentligt tryck som statens offentliga utredningar (SOU) och regeringspropositioner. En del facklitteratur som behandlar framväxten av dagens skola har använts liksom material från Internet, tidningsartiklar samt en intervju med en gymnasielärare i historia. Uppsatsen är beskrivande, deskriptiv, men eftersom en jämförelse mellan dagens gymnasieskola och GY-2007 görs med efterföljande utvärdering är den även komparativ och normativ.In this paper a description is made of the future senior high school, GY-2007, valid from July 1st 2007. It describes the reforms which led to the senior high school of today in order to give an understanding of its structure. The description of GY-2007 is based on the government bill 2003/04:140 Kunskap och kvalitet – elva steg för utvecklingen av gymnasieskolan. (Knowledge and quality – eleven steps for the development of the senior high school) The author wants to find out more about and describe GY-2007. Questions asked are whether there are any similarities or differences between the senior high school of today and the future senior high school GY-2007. What consequences can be expected? Only changes related to education of young people are dealt with. There are, with a few exceptions, no major news in the government bill. GY-2007 is a reorganization of earlier reforms. The suggested changes in the bill are a development of the present senior high school or partly a return to earlier structures. The material used is, in the first hand, official publications such as researches and government bills. Also material from the Internet, articles from newspapers and an interview with a teacher are used. The essay is descriptive but since a comparison between today’s senior high school and GY-2007 is made, and followed by an evaluation it is also comparative and normative
The Disparity of Impairment of Neurogenesis and Cognition After Acute or Fractionated Radiation Exposure in Adolescent BALB/c Mice
No full textThe effect of acute X-ray irradiation with 2 Gy or fractionated exposure with 0.2 Gy continuously for 10 days (0.2 Gy × 10 = 2 Gy) was evaluated in the postnatal day 21 (P21) BALB/c mouse model. Both acute and fractionated irradiation induced impairment of cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus labeled by Ki67 and doublecortin, respectively. Parvalbumin immunopositive interneurons in the subgranular zone were also reduced significantly. However, the 2 patterns of irradiation did not affect animal weight gain when measured at ages of P90 and P180 or 69 and 159 days after irradiation. Behavioral tests indicated that neither acute nor fractionated irradiation with a total dose of 2 Gy induced deficits in the contextual fear or spatial memory and memory for novel object recognition. Animal motor activity was also not affected in the open-field test. The disparity of the impairment of neurogenesis and unaffected cognition suggests that the severity of impairment of neurogenesis induced by acute or fractionated irradiation with a total dose of 2 Gy at P21 may not be worse enough to induce the deficit of cognition
Metagenomic insights into the mechanisms of triphenyl phosphate degradation by bioaugmentation with Sphingopyxis sp. GY
No full textBiodegradation of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) by Sphingopyxis sp. GY was investigated, and results demonstrated that TPHP could be completely degraded in 36 h with intracellular enzymes playing a leading role. This study, for the first time, systematically explores the effects of the typical brominated flame retardants, organophosphorus flame retardants, and heavy metals on TPHP degradation. Our findings reveal that TCPs, BDE-47, HBCD, Cd and Cu exhibit inhibitory effects on TPHP degradation. The hydrolysis-, hydroxylated-, monoglucosylated-, methylated products and glutathione (GSH) conjugated derivative were identified and new degradation pathway of TPHP mediated by microorganism was proposed. Moreover, toxicity evaluation experiments indicate a significant reduction in toxicity following treatment with Sphingopyxis sp. GY. To evaluate its potential for environmental remediation, we conducted bioaugmentation experiments using Sphingopyxis sp. GY in a TPHP contaminated water-sediment system, which resulted in excellent remediation efficacy. Twelve intermediate products were detected in the water-sediment system, including the observation of the glutathione (GSH) conjugated derivative, monoglucosylated product, (OH)2-DPHP and CH3-O-DPHP for the first time in microorganism-mediated TPHP transformation. We further identify the active microbial members involved in TPHP degradation within the water-sediment system using metagenomic analysis. Notably, most of these members were found to possess genes related to TPHP degradation. These findings highlight the significant reduction of TPHP achieved through beneficial interactions and cooperation established between the introduced Sphingopyxis sp. GY and the indigenous microbial populations stimulated by the introduced bacteria. Thus, our study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms, co-existed pollutants, transformation pathways, and remediation potential associated with TPHP biodegradation, paving the way for future research and applications in environmental remediation strategies
Phyllanthus urinaria extract attenuates acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity: involvement of cytochrome P450 CYP2E1.
No full textAcetaminophen is a commonly used drug for the treatment of patients with common cold and influenza. However, an overdose of acetaminophen may be fatal. In this study we investigated whether mice, administered intraperitoneally with a lethal dose of acetaminophen, when followed by oral administration of Phyllanthus urinaria extract, may be prevented from death. Histopathological analysis of mouse liver sections showed that Phyllanthus urinaria extract may protect the hepatocytes from acetaminophen-induced necrosis. Therapeutic dose of Phyllanthus urinaria extract did not show any toxicological phenomenon on mice. Immunohistochemical staining with the cytochrome P450 CYP2E1 antibody revealed that Phyllanthus urinaria extract reduced the cytochrome P450 CYP2E1 protein level in mice pre-treated with a lethal dose of acetaminophen. Phyllanthus urinaria extract also inhibited the cytochrome P450 CYP2E1 enzymatic activity in vitro. Heavy metals, including arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead, as well as herbicide residues were not found above their detection limits. High performance liquid chromatography identified corilagin and gallic acid as the major components of the Phyllanthus urinaria extract. We conclude that Phyllanthus urinaria extract is effective in attenuating the acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity, and inhibition of cytochrome P450 CYP2E
Formaldehyde in the newly erected and decorated houses in Guangzhou
No full textIn this paper, we present our study on the measurement of the indoor formaldehyde concentrations in newly erected and decorated residential buildings in Guangzhou using SKC Formaldehyde-Monitoring-Kit. Our measurements show that the concentrations ranged from 0.070 to 0.373 mg/m(3), and most of them exceed the 0.1ppmv indoor air quality standard for formaldehyde in USA and Canada, or 0.080mg/m(3) standard in China. Our results also indicate that wood products are the main sources of the indoor formaldehyde
- …
