2,786 research outputs found
Parallel construction of optimal independent spanning trees on hypercubes
No full text[[abstract]]The use of multiple independent spanning trees (ISTs) for data broadcasting in networks provides a number of advantages, including the increase of fault-tolerance and bandwidth. Thus, the designs of multiple ISTs on several classes of networks have been widely investigated. Tang et al. [S.-M. Tang, Y.-L. Waug, Y.-H. Leu. Optimal independent spanning trees on hypercubes, Journal of Information Science and Engineering 20 (2004) 143-155] studied the problem of constructing k ISTs on k-dimensional hypercube Q(k), and provided a recursive algorithm for their construction (i.e., for constructing k ISTs of Q(k), it needs to build k - 1 ISTs of Q(k-1) in advance). This kind of construction forbids the possibility that the algorithm could be parallelized. In this paper, based on a simple concept called Hamming distance Latin square. we design a new algorithm for generating k ISTs of Q(k). The newly proposed algorithm relies on a simple rule and is easy to be parallelized. As a result. we show that the ISTs we constructed are optimal in the sense that both the heights and the average path length of trees are minimized. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.[[note]]SC
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Influence of diluent alkyl substitution on the extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) by a 6,6’-bis(1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2’-bipyridine ligand dissolved in alkylated cyclohexanone Diluents
Full text linkSeveral alkylated cyclohexanones were investigated as potential diluents for the selective extraction of Am(III) from Eu(III) from nitric acid solutions by the CyMe4-BTBP ligand. No significant extraction of either of the metal ions was observed for these diluents themselves. In the extractions from 1 M HNO3, 3-methylcyclohexanone and 4-methylcyclohexanone gave comparable results to cyclohexanone whereas in the extractions from 4 M HNO3, 2-methylcyclohexanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone and 4-methylcyclohexanone all gave superior results. For the monomethylated diluents, DAm and SFAm/Eu decreased in the order of alkyl substitution 2 > 4 ~ 3. However, alkyl substitution of cyclohexanone significantly slows down the extraction kinetics compared to cyclohexanone, and the position of alkyl substitution was found to play an important role in the solvents properties. 3-Methylcyclohexanone was identified as the most promising of the diluent
Free-space ultrashort pulsed beam propagation beyond the paraxial approximation
No full textApplying the temporal and spatial Fourier transform method, we obtain a nonparaxial pulsed beam solution, which is based on the paraxial pulsed beam solution, where the nonparaxiality is evaluated by using a series of expansions. Specifically, the general lowest-order correction field is given in an integral form. Some special examples, such as the lowest-under correction to the paraxial approximation of a fundamental Gaussian pulsed Gaussian-like beam, whose waist plane has a parallel shift from the z = 0 plane, are presented
Cryopreserved oocytes of infertile couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology could be an important source of oocyte donation: A clinical report of successful
No full textVector theory of ultrashort, intense, pulsed laser beams propagating in gaseous media
No full textWe study the nonparaxial and vectorial effects of ultrashort, intense, pulsed laser beams propagating in gaseous media by using an order-of-magnitude analysis. A near vector wave equation is derived, which includes the effects of the coupling between the transverse and the longitudinal components of the laser field and is valid for an arbitrarily short laser pulse. In addition; we obtain the equation governing the time evolution of the plasma current density, which can be used to analyze the mechanism of energy loss during propagation of the laser pulse
Superconvergence of semidiscrete finite element methods for bilinear parabolic optimal control problems
Full text linkAbstract In this paper, a semidiscrete finite element method for solving bilinear parabolic optimal control problems is considered. Firstly, we present a finite element approximation of the model problem. Secondly, we bring in some important intermediate variables and their error estimates. Thirdly, we derive a priori error estimates of the approximation scheme. Finally, we obtain the superconvergence between the semidiscrete finite element solutions and projections of the exact solutions. A numerical example is presented to verify our theoretical results
(Pyrazol-1-yl)carbonyl and Ester-Functionalized Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methide Carbonyl Tungsten Complexes
No full text(3,5-Dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)carbonyl-
and n-butoxycarbonyl-functionalized bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methide
carbonyl tungsten derivatives were unexpectedly formed, together with
a bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acyl carbonyl tungsten complex, upon
sequential treatment of bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane with n-BuLi, tungsten carbonyl, and iodine. The resulting complexes
were fully characterized using IR and NMR spectroscopy, and their
structures were unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallography
Analysis of Mitochondrial Function and Localisation during Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation In Vitro
Full text linkHuman embryonic stem cell (hESC) derivatives show promise as viable cell therapy options for multiple disorders in different tissues. Recent advances in stem cell biology have lead to the reliable production and detailed molecular characterisation of a range of cell-types. However, the role of mitochondria during differentiation has yet to be fully elucidated. Mitochondria mediate a cells response to altered energy requirements (e.g. cardiomyocyte contraction) and, as such, the mitochondrial phenotype is likely to change during the dynamic process of hESC differentiation. We demonstrate that manipulating mitochondrial biogenesis alters mesendoderm commitment. To investigate mitochondrial localisation during early lineage specification of hESCs we developed a mitochondrial reporter line, KMEL2, in which sequences encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) are targeted to the mitochondria. Differentiation of KMEL2 lines into the three germ layers showed that the mitochondria in these differentiated progeny are GFP positive. Therefore, KMEL2 hESCs facilitate the study of mitochondria in a range of cell types and, importantly, permit real-time analysis of mitochondria via the GFP tag
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) modifies plasma proteome in humans.
Full text linkRemote Ischemic Preconditioning (RIPC) induced by brief episodes of ischemia of the limb protects against multi-organ damage by ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Although it has been demonstrated that RIPC affects gene expression, the proteomic response to RIPC has not been determined. This study aimed to examine RIPC induced changes in the plasma proteome. Five healthy adult volunteers had 4 cycles of 5 min ischemia alternating with 5 min reperfusion of the forearm. Blood samples were taken from the ipsilateral arm prior to first ischaemia, immediately after each episode of ischemia as well as, at 15 min and 24 h after the last episode of ischemia. Plasma samples from five individuals were analysed using two complementary techniques. Individual samples were analysed using 2Dimensional Difference in gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) and mass spectrometry (MS). Pooled samples for each of the time-points underwent trypsin digestion and peptides generated were analysed in triplicate using Liquid Chromatography and MS (LC-MS). Six proteins changed in response to RIPC using 2D DIGE analysis, while 48 proteins were found to be differentially regulated using LC-MS. The proteins of interest were involved in acute phase response signalling, and physiological molecular and cellular functions. The RIPC stimulus modifies the plasma protein content in blood taken from the ischemic arm in a cumulative fashion and evokes a proteomic response in peripheral blood
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