11,716 research outputs found
TACC3-ch-TOG track the growing tips of microtubules independently of clathrin and Aurora-A phosphorylation
Full text linkThe interaction between TACC3 (transforming acidic coiled coil protein 3) and the microtubule polymerase ch-TOG (colonic, hepatic tumor overexpressed gene) is evolutionarily conserved. Loading of TACC3–ch-TOG onto spindle microtubules requires the phosphorylation of TACC3 by Aurora-A kinase and the subsequent interaction of TACC3 with clathrin to form a microtubule binding surface. Whether there is a pool of TACC3–ch-TOG that is independent of clathrin in human cells, and what is the function of this pool, are open questions. Here, we report that TACC3 is recruited to the plus-ends of microtubules by its association with ch-TOG and that this pool is independent of phosphorylation and binding to clathrin. The plus-end binding of TACC3–ch-TOG persists in interphase and we propose that one cellular function of TACC3–ch-TOG is to modulate cell migration. We also describe the distinct subcellular pools of TACC3, ch-TOG and clathrin. TACC3 is often described as a centrosomal protein, but we show that there is no significant population of TACC3 at centrosomes. The delineation of distinct protein pools reveals a simplified view of how these proteins are organized and controlled by post-translational modification
Ultrasound stimulates NF-κB activation and iNOS expression via the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in cultured preosteoblasts.
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Lycopus cha Tang & Li 2010, sp. nov.
No full textLycopus cha sp. nov. Figs 13–15 Type material. Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Menglun Nature Reserve, G213 Roadside, Anogeissus acuminate Plantation (N21º53.992', E101º16.948', alt. 596 m), 2 December 2009, G. Tang and Z. Y. Yao (Tang-Yao_No.38). Paratypes: 2 ♀, same data as holotype. Etymology. The specific name is from Chinese word for fork (chā), refers to the distal of RTA fork-shaped, noun in apposition. Diagnosis. This new species is similar to L. primus Tang and Li, 2009, but can be separated by: the large, distally bifurcated ramus of RTA (palm-shaped, not bifurcated in L. primus) and the slender copulatory ducts (short in L. primus). Description. Male (holotype measured): Total length 3.80. Prosoma length 1.40, width 1.45; opisthosoma length 2.60, width 1.20. Prosoma yellow with setae sparsely. Eye tubercles grayish black. Eye measurements: AME 0.06; ALE 0.11; PME 0.06; PLE 0.09; AME–AME 0.14; AME–ALE 0.12; PME–PME 0.11; PME–PLE 0.29. MOA length 0.34 with front width 0.24 and back width 0.22. Chelicerae, gnathocoxae, labium and sternum yellow. Legs yellow, femora and tibiae of I, II red distally. Leg measurements: I: 8.40 (2.50, 3.00, 1.90, 1.00); II: 8.45 (2.50, 2.95, 2.00, 1.00); III: 3.65 (1.20, 1.25, 0.70, 0.50); IV: 4.20 (1.40, 1.40, 0.80, 0.60). Leg formula: 2143. Opisthosoma dorsally yellow with slivery white spots. Palp (Figs 13 B–D, 15 A–B). VTA strongly sclerotized; RTA large, with a small ramus digitiform, the large ramus bifurcated distally; tegulum swollen without apophysis; embolus slender. Female (one of the paratypes measured): Total length 4.40. Prosoma 1.80 long, 1.50 wide; opisthosoma 2.80 long, 1.40 wide. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellowish green, head area with sparse setae. Eye measurements: AME 0.06; ALE 0.10; PME 0.05; PLE 0.09; AME–AME 0.18; AME–ALE 0.18; PME–PME 0.26; PME–PLE 0.38. MOA length 0.28 with front width 0.28 and back width 0.36. Chelicerae, gnathocoxae, labium and sternum yellow. Legs yellow with spines. Leg measurements: I: 6.10 (1.80, 2.20, 1.40, 0.70); II: 6.20 (1.90, 2.20, 1.40, 0.70); III: 3.30 (1.00, 1.20, 0.60, 0.50); IV: 3.80 (1.30, 1.30, 0.70, 0.50), leg formula: 2143. Opisthosoma dorsally yellowish with slivery spots. Epigynum (Figs 14 B–C, 15 C–D). Epigynum light yellow, with an anteriorly situated hood and a pair of lateral grooves; copulatory openings posteriorly situated; copulatory ducts slender, twisted, translucent anteriorly; spermathecae small, globular. Variation. Total length: ♀ 4.40–4.50 (n=2). Distribution. China (Yunnan).Published as part of Tang, Guo & Li, Shuqiang, 2010, Crab spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Thomisidae) 2703, pp. 1-105 in Zootaxa 2703 on page 2
The Route from Koko nor to Lhasa in the Tang Period
Full text linkThe route from Shan-cheng 鄯城 county (Xining 西寧) to the Tibetan capital at Lhasa is recorded in the geographical monograph of the Xin Tang shu 新唐書 (ch. 40), under the heading for Shan-cheng county, Shan-zhou 鄯州. As this itinerary was of considerable importance as the link between Tang China and Tibet it has in the past received a good deal of scholarly attention, but existing studies have not been successful. The author here attempts to reconstruct and map the Tang route, and finds that the route was (1) halfway identical with the Qing official route, and half quite different, (2) totally distinct from the caravan route of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries which crossed the southern rim of Tsaidam, and yet (3) the shortest route between Xining and Lhasa that could have been used during the Tang period
Altered muscle activation characteristics associated with single volitional forward stepping in middle-aged adults
No full textUltrastructure of white spot syndrome virus development in primary lymphoid organ cell cultures.
No full textState and Slavery in the Tang Empire
No full textSlavery had a profound influence on societies that do not meet Finley’s definition of “slave societies,” such as Tang dynasty China (618-907). Legal institutions and moral discourse in Tang China emphasizes two broad categories, the free (Chinese liang 良; Japanese ryō; Korean yang, literally “good”) and the unfree debased (Ch. jian 賤; Jap. sen; K. chon, literally “debased”). This project examines the broader category of unfree people in Tang China with a special focus on the cross-regional slave trade and captivity among the Tang and its neighboring states. Comparing the practices of slave trade in the capital regions and three borderlands (the Korean peninsula, the Lingnan region in South China, and Dunhuang and Turfan in central Asia), it explains how the Tang state decided whom to enslave and why from 600 to 900. Drawing from an array of primary sources such as The Tang Code, the writings of Tang elites, epitaphs of the enslaved individuals, as well as documents excavated from modern-day Xinjiang, this research reconstructs the lived experience of enslaved individuals in middle-period China. The Tang Dynasty witnessed an important shift in attitudes towards slavery during the Tang dynasty. Before the 750s, there was a near-universal acceptance of the enslavement of foreigners and border peoples. By the end of the dynasty, many—including some of the most famous Tang-dynasty literati, such as Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 and Han Yu 韩愈—began to argue against slavery. They did so not through a radical denial of the existing social hierarchy, but by acknowledging some assimilated indigenes in Lingnan and commoners from Silla were no different from Chinese imperial subjects. And they believed the Tang state owed those assimilated people protection from enslavement
Regulation of fibronectin fibrillogenesis by protein kinases in cultured rat osteoblasts.
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