30,817 research outputs found
Endoscopic Nasopharyngectomy with a Potassium-Titanyl-Phosphate Laser for Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.
No full textGastromyzon crenastus Tan & Leh, 2006, new species
No full textGastromyzon crenastus, new species Figs. 3-4 Material examined: BORNEO: SARAWAK (Sadong River basin): HOLOTYPE: SM uncatalogued, 28.1 mm SL; Serian, Sungai Kuhas, 6.9 km from Tebelu Tebakang turnoff, 5.8 km inside right side road (01º09’10.0”N110º29’22.7”E); H. H. Tan et al., 5 Sept. 1995. PARATYPES: SM uncatalogued, 9 ex., 16.9-24.7 mm SL; ZRC 39416, 10 ex., 16.7-28.4 mm SL; CMK 11958, 4 ex., 25.1-28.0 mm SL; preceding lots collected with holotype. The following paratype lots are also from the type locality, but with different collectors and dates of collection, as indicated. ZRC 39831, 7 ex., 20.3-29.7 mm SL; H. H Tan et al., 14 Jan. 1996. ZRC 47075, 6 ex., 18.9-22.4 mm SL; H. H. Tan et al., 19 Feb. 1997. ZRC 47076, 24 ex., 18.2-26.8 mm SL; Honours 98/99 Fish Group, 23 June 1998. NON-TYPE MATERIAL: ZRC 47084, 1 ex., 29.0 mm SL; Sarawak: Tebedu, Sungai Ahi, on road towards Mongkos (00°55.44'N110°32.34'E); H. H. Tan et al., 12 June 1999. The following non-type lots are all from the type locality, but with different collectors and dates of collection, as indicated. ZRC 41213, 16 ex., 18.0-22.2 mm SL; H. H Tan et al., 19 Feb. 1997. ZRC 47077, 2 ex., 19.8-27.8 mm SL; H. H. Tan et al, 29 Oct. 1997. ZRC 47078, 5 ex., 21.5-24.3 mm SL (site 1, sample 2); ZRC 47079, 6 ex., 18.1-26.1 mm SL (site 1, sample 3); Honours 98/99 Fish Group, 24 June 1998. ZRC 47080, 2 ex., 22.7-25.4 mm SL (site 2, sample 2); ZRC 47081, 2 ex., 17.3-23.4 mm SL (site 2, sample 3); Honours 98/99 Fish Group, 25 June 1998. ZRC 47082, 2 ex., 16.6-16.9 mm SL (site 3, sample 2); Honours 98/99 Fish Group, 26 June 1998. ZRC 47083, 14 ex., 14.5-24.0 mm SL; H. H. Tan et al., 10 June 1999. ZRC 47188, 9 ex., 21.4-25.3 mm SL; native collectors, 22 June 2002. Diagnosis.- Gastromyzon crenastus differs from its congeners in having the following unique combination of characters: a black body; dorsum with 6-8 thin cream bars or spots; head black, with cream spots and blotches; sublacrymal groove visible from side; absence of a secondary rostrum; absence of a postoral pouch; absence of a subopercular groove; gill slit vertical; snout truncate when viewed dorsally; abdomen without scales; 60-65 scales in lateral line; pelvic fin not overlapping anal fin origin, adpressed dorsal fin not at level overlapping anal fin origin. Maximum size: 29.7 mm SL (ZRC 39831), the smallest known species of Gastromyzon. Description. General body shape and appearance as in Figs. 3-4. Meristic and morphometric data appear in Table 1. Head truncate in dorsal profile, relatively short (27.5-29.8 % SL) and relatively wide (21.3-24.2 % SL, 74.3-83.3 % HL); head relatively flattened (head depth 12.8-13.9 % SL, 44.3-47.6 % HL); tubercles concentrated at anterior part of snout; snout relatively long (snout length 54.1-58.2 % HL); sublacrymal groove present, distinct when viewed from side; gill slit straight and vertical; length of gill slit about same as eye diameter; subopercular groove absent; postoral pouch absent; belly scales absent; pectoral fin overlapping anterior part of pelvic fin; pelvic fin not overlapping anal fin origin; anteriormost pectoral and pelvic-fin rays with dorsal serrae; dorsal fin situated at about mid body (predorsal length 55.2-59.2 % SL), adpressed dorsal fin not extending past level of anal-fin origin; deepest part of body at dorsal-fin origin (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 16.2-18.5 % SL); anus situated just beyond posterior base of fused pelvic fins; caudal peduncle relatively deep (9.5-10.7 % SL) and relatively short (8.5-10.8 % SL). Pigmentation and life coloration.-See Fig. 3. Body black on dorsum and sides; dorsum with 6-8 thin cream bars or spots; side with bars interrupted to form spots and blotches; ventrum cream. Head dorsum black, with cream spots and blotches. Eye with golden iris. Dorsal fin light brown, with 1 thick black bar, hyaline interradial membrane and margin; antero-basal black spot present on dorsal fin. Caudal fin base black, fin rays light brown with subdistal part a large black blotch, area just before blotch with iridescent blue, upper border with red, hyaline interradial membrane and thick margin. Anal-fin rays brown, hyaline edge. Pectoral and pelvic fins brown with 1 black bar. Pelvic axillary flap black with distal cream margin. Color in alcohol.-See Fig. 4. Body black on dorsum and sides, dorsum with 6-8 thin cream bars or spots, side with bars interrupted to form spots and blotches, ventrum cream. Head dorsum black with cream spots and blotches. Dorsal fin rays light brown with 1 thick black bar, fin with hyaline interradial membrane and margin, antero-basal black spot present. Caudal fin base black, anterior part with thin crescentic black band, centre of fin with large black blotch and with thin hyaline margin, hyaline interradial membrane and margin. Anal fin black, with hyaline margin. Pectoral and pelvic fins grey with 1 black bar. Pelvic axillary flap black, with distal cream margin. Juveniles with 5-6 cream spots and blotches on black body, head plain, caudal fin base black, with faint central black bar. Remarks.- Gastromyzon crenastus can be further differentiated from other congeners of the G. ridens group by the following characters: snout truncate in dorsal profile vs. rounded in G. ridens; adpressed dorsal fin not overlapping level of anal-fin origin vs. overlapping in G. ridens; pelvic fin not overlapping anal fin origin vs. overlapping in G. ridens. Distribution.-This species is known only from the hill streams feeding the Sadong River basin in southern Sarawak (Fig. 7). Etymology.-The species name is from the Latin crena, meaning notch. This is in reference to the white blotches and bars on the dark coloured body. Used as an adjective.Published as part of H. H. Tan & C. U. M. Leh, 2006, Three new species of Gastromyzon (Teleostei: Balitoridae) from southern Sarawak., pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 1126 on pages 9-1
Gastromyzon farragus Tan & Leh, 2006, new species
No full textGastromyzon farragus, new species Figs. 5-6 Material examined: BORNEO: SARAWAK (Sadong River basin): HOLOTYPE: SM uncatalogued, 30.9 mm SL; Serian, Sungai Kuhas, 6.9 km after Tebelu Tebakang turnoff, 5.8 km inside right side road (01º0910.0”N110º2922.7”E); H. H Tan et al., 5 Sept. 1995. PARATYPES: SM uncatalogued, 6 ex., 17.3-22.8 mm SL; ZRC 47108, 7 ex., paratypes, 15.4-35.9 mm SL; collected with holotype. The following paratypic lots are also from the type locality, but with different collectors and dates of collection, as indicated. ZRC 47109, 6 ex., 15.3-36.1 mm SL; H. H Tan et al., 14 Jan. 1996. ZRC 47110, 6 ex., 24.0-37.1 mm SL; H. H. Tan et al., 19 Feb. 1997. ZRC 47111, 36 ex., 18.7-38.5 mm SL; Honours 98/99 Fish Group, 23 June 1998. NON-TYPE MATERIAL: ZRC 47120, 4 ex., 18.4-28.9 mm SL; Sarawak: Tebedu, Sungai Ahi, on road towards Mongkos (00º55.44'N110º32.34'E); H. H. Tan et al., 12 June 1999. The following non-type lots are all from the type locality, but with different collectors and dates of collection, as indicated. ZRC 47123, 5 ex., 24.9-32.0 mm SL; H. H Tan et al., 14 Jan. 1996. ZRC 41212, 9 ex., 19.9-37.9 mm SL; H. H Tan et al.,19 Feb. 1997. ZRC 47112, 12 ex., 13.6-37.0 mm SL; H. H. Tan et al., 29 Oct. 1997. ZRC 47113, 9 ex., 28.8-38.8 mm SL (site 1, sample 1); ZRC 47114, 16 ex., 14.5-35.0 mm SL (site 1, sample 2); ZRC 47115, 64 ex., 13.3-37.1 mm SL (site 1, sample 3); Honours 98/99 Fish Group, 24 June 1998. ZRC 47116, 31 ex., 11.0-37.6 mm SL (site 2, sample2); ZRC 47117, 30 ex., 20.8-37.8 mm SL (site 2, sample 3); Honours 98/99 Fish Group, 25 June 1998. ZRC 47118, 10 ex., 14.7-33.2 mm SL (site 3, sample 2); Honours 98/99 Fish Group, 26 June 1998. ZRC 43621, 20 ex., 10.3-38.2 mm SL; H. H Tan & W. K. Goh, 6 Feb. 1999. ZRC 47119, 76 ex., 16.1-40.2 mm SL; H. H. Tan et al., 10 June 1999. ZRC 47189, 10 ex., 24.4-39.5 mm SL; native collectors, 22 June 2002. Diagnosis.- Gastromyzon farragus differs from its congeners in having the following unique combination of characters: body dark brown, dorsum with 9-10 thin cream bars, side with spots and blotches, head dorsum dark brown with fine cream spots; caudal fin red in life; sublacrymal groove just visible when viewed from side; absence of a secondary rostrum; absence of a postoral pouch; gill slit angular, subopercular groove present and continuous to pectoral fin origin; a rounded snout when viewed dorsally; abdomen without scales; 52-55 scales in lateral line; pelvic fin not overlapping anal fin origin, adpressed dorsal fin not overlapping anal fin origin. Maximum size: 40.2 mm SL (ZRC 47119). Description.-General body shape and appearance as in Figs. 5-6. Meristic and morphometric data appear in Table 1. Head rounded in dorsal profile, relatively short (26.7-28.3 % SL) and wide (20.1-21.8 % SL, 73.0-80.4 % HL), head relatively flattened (head depth 13.1-14.3 % SL, 49.0-51.1 % HL); snout elongated (snout length 57.5-61.8 % HL), tubercles present over entire head, concentrated on anterior part of snout; sublacrymal groove present, just visible from side of snout; gill slit strongly angular, subopercular groove pronounced and continuous to origin of pectoral fin base; postoral pouch absent; belly scales absent; posterior part of pectoral fin overlapping anterior part of pelvic fin; anteriormost pectoral and pelvic-fin rays with dorsal serrae; dorsal fin situated about mid body (predorsal length 56.0-58.6 % SL), adpressed dorsal fin not overlapping level of anal fin origin; deepest part of body at dorsal fin origin (body depth at dorsal fin origin 19.2-20.2 % SL); anus situated just beyond posterior base of fused pelvic fins; caudal peduncle relatively deep (10.3-11.5 % SL) and relatively long (9.3-11.1 % SL). Pigmentation and life coloration. See Fig. 5. Body dark brown; dorsum with 9-10 thin cream bars; side with fine cream spots; ventrum cream; a tiny gold spot on posterior edge of every body scale. Head dorsum dark brown, with fine cream spots. Eye with golden iris. Dorsal fin yellowish brown, with 2 black bars, subdistal bar most distinct, hyaline interradial membrane and margin, antero-basal black spot present. Caudal-fin base yellowish, fin light brown with 1 subdistal thick black bar suffused with red, hyaline interradial membrane and yellowish margin. Anal-fin base black, fin light brown with 2 thin black bars, and hyaline margin. Pectoral and pelvic fins dark brown, with 2-3 rows of cream spots, and hyaline margins. Pelvic axillary flap brown with 5-6 cream spots. Color in alcohol.-See Fig. 6. Body dark brown or black; dorsum with 9-10 faint thin cream bars; side with indistinct cream spots; ventrum cream. Head dorsum dark brown, with fine cream spots. Dorsal fin cream, with 2 black bars, subdistal bar most distinct, hyaline interradial membrane and margin, antero-basal black spot present. Caudal fin base cream, fin cream with 1 subdistal thick black bar, hyaline interradial membrane and margin. Anal-fin base black, fin cream with 2 thin black bars, hyaline margin. Pectoral fin dark brown with 2-3 broad rows of cream spots, hyaline margin. Suprapelvic posterior part over pelvic fin base flap light brown. Pelvic fin cream, with dark brown base, and thick hyaline margin. Juveniles with interrupted cream bars on posterior half of grey body; dorsum uniform; caudal fin base with 1 black bar. Remarks.- Gastromyzon farragus can be further differentiated from G. ocellatus by having the head dorsum with fine cream spots only (vs. cream spots and blotches); anterior half of body with spots (vs. bars); 4-5 cream bars anterior to dorsal fin origin (vs. 3 bars); sublacrymal groove just visible from side (vs. not visible); fewer lateral-line scales (52-55, vs. 56-61); narrower head width (20.1-21.8, vs. 23.3-27.2 % SL; 73.0-80.4, vs. 90.0-95.9 % HL). Distribution.- Gastromyzon farragus is currently only known from hill streams of the Sadong River basin in southern Sarawak (Fig. 7). Etymology.-The species name is from the Latin farrago, meaning mixture. This is in allusion to the presence of both bars (on the dorsum) and spots (on the lateral) on body. Used as an adjective.Published as part of H. H. Tan & C. U. M. Leh, 2006, Three new species of Gastromyzon (Teleostei: Balitoridae) from southern Sarawak., pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 1126 on pages 15-1
Recent Results From the EU POF-PLUS Project: Multi-Gigabit Transmission Over 1 mm Core Diameter Plastic Optical Fibers
No full textRecent activity to achieve multi-gigabit transmission over 1 mm core diameter graded-index and step-index plastic optical fibers for distances up to 50 meters is reported in this paper. By employing a simple intensity-modulated direct-detection system with pulse amplitude or digital multi-tone modulation techniques, low-cost transceivers and easy to install large-core POFs, it is demonstrated that multi-gigabit transmission up to 10 Gbit/s over 1-mm core diameter POF infrastructure is feasible. The results presented in this paper were obtained in the EU FP7 POF-PLUS project, which focused on applications in different scenarios, such as in next-generation in-building residential networks and in datacom applications
Xenostrobinae Tan & Tan & Sanpanich & Duangdee & Ambarwati 2022, SUBFAM. NOV.
No full textXENOSTROBINAE SUBFAM. NOV. ZooBank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. org:act: 292A8499-1E98-4170-BB09-A1E5333FEB32 Diagnosis: Adult shell ≤ 40 mm in length, mytiliform to modioliform in outline, equivalve; shell surface generally dark purple or brown to black, generally smooth, often with closely set commarginal lines. Umbones subterminal or terminal. Shell interior iridescent, margins devoid of teeth. Ligament internal, resilial pits absent. Posterior adductor muscle scar confluent with single posterior byssal retractor muscle scar. Intestine makes a recurrent loop on the right side of the animal. Currently, Xenostrobinae comprises two genera and seven species distributed in East Asia and Australasia. All species are found in the mid- to upper littoral zone, and the majority live gregariously in or near estuaries.Published as part of Tan, Koh Siang, Tan, Samuel Hui Ming, Sanpanich, Kitithorn, Duangdee, Teerapong & Ambarwati, Reni, 2022, Xenostrobus or Vignadula (Bivalvia: Mytilidae)? A taxonomic re-evaluation of small black mussels inhabiting the upper intertidal zone of the estuaries of Southeast Asia, pp. 316-345 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 on page 323, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac031, http://zenodo.org/record/703519
Clematis austroanatolica Ziel. & Kit Tan 2011, sp. nov.
No full textClematis austroanatolica Ziel. & Kit Tan, sp. nov. ― Figs. 1 –3 Planta perennis. Caules lignosi, ascendentes vel procumbentes, sulcati, pubescenti. Folia usque 13 cm longa, imparipinnata; pinnae supremae et mediae unifoliolatae, pinnae infimae saltem at foliis nonnulis ternatae. Foliola usque 3.5 cm longa, 1.5(–2) cm lata, anguste ovata vel lanceolato-ovata, apice acuta usque breve acuminata, basi integra, rotundata, aliquantum obliqua, utrinque laxe pilosa, ad marginem grosse crenato-serrata, interdum incisa. Inflorescentia axillaris, paniculata, pauciflora. Flores parvi, 14–16 mm diametro. Tepala 7–8 mm longa, 2–2.5 mm lata, oblongo-elliptica, obtusa, utrinque tomentosa, subrosea. Stamina glabra, externa stylos distincte superantia; filamenta staminorum aurantiaco-brunnea. Ovaria et styli dense sericei. Fructus maturus ignotus. Type:― TURKEY. Province Antalya: Dim valley, NE of Alanya, road margin, ca. 100 m, 2 October 1998, flowers pinkish, K . Browicz & J. Zieli ṅ ski 63/98 (holotype KOR 40206). Stems slender, climbing or procumbent, sulcate, remaining pubescent. Leaves opposite, imparipinnate, with (3–) 5 pinnae, up to 13 cm long on flowering stems. Uppermost and middle pinnae unifoliolate, the lowermost at least in some leaves ternate. Rachises densely pubescent. Leaflets up to 3.5 × 1.5(–2.0) cm, narrowly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or shortly acuminate at apex, rounded-entire and usually somewhat oblique at base, coarsely crenate-serrate with apiculate teeth, sometimes incised-dentate, laxly pilose on both surfaces. Leaflets with petiolules 5–20 mm long. Inflorescence an axillary, pubescent, few-flowered panicle. Pedicels 1–2 cm long, pubescent. Bracteoles 2, opposite, 1.0– 1.2 mm long, oblong-ovate, hairy. Flowers 14–15 mm in diameter. Outer perianth segments (tepals) 4(–5), petaloid, 7–8 × 2.0– 2.5 mm, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, whitetomentose on both surfaces, pale pink. Inner perianth segments (staminodes) absent. Stamens numerous, glabrous, the outer ones distinctly longer than styles, almost equalling tepals; filaments orange-brown; anthers ca. 1.5 mm long, distinctly narrower and much shorter than filaments. Carpels 4–4.5 mm long; stigmas ca. 1.2 mm long. Ovaries and persistent styles densely sericeous. Achenes immature. Flowering early October.Published as part of Zieliński, Jerzy & Tan, Kit, 2011, Clematis austroanatolica (Ranunculaceae), an unusual new species from southern Anatolia, Turkey, pp. 28-32 in Phytotaxa 24 on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.24.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/491774
Lobocheilos aurolineatus Ciccotto & Tan 2018, sp. n.
No full textLobocheilos aurolineatus Ciccotto and Tan, sp. n. Figs. 1–2, Table 1 ? Tylognathus hispidus (non Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844): Vaillant 1902: 108; and Popta 1906: 108.? Lobocheilus hispidus (non Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844): Christensen 1992: 600.? Lobocheilos kajanensis (Popta 1904): Kottelat 1995: 404. Holotype. MZB 17222, 55.6 mm SL; Indonesia: Borneo: East Kalimantan: Mahakam River at Kota Bangum, 0°16.02’S 116°35.16’E; H.H. Tan & D. Wowor, 7–9 Nov 1999. Paratypes. MZB 17223, 5, 52.9–59.1 mm SL; Indonesia: Borneo: East Kalimantan: Mahakam basin, Lake Jempang, 0°25.29’S 116°15.78’E; H.H. Tan and D. Wowor, 9 Nov 1999; UF 191478, 2, 55.7–58.7 mm SL, same data as MZB 17223; ZRC 54764, 4, 48.9–54.9 mm SL, same data as MZB 17222; ZRC 54765, 5, 53.2–59.9 mm SL, same data as MZB 17223. Other material. ZRC 51577, 17, 39.8–55.6 mm SL; Indonesia: Borneo: East Kalimantan: Aquarium trade; ZRC 54745, 7, 36.3–42.5 mm SL; Indonesia: Borneo: East Kalimantan: Balikpapan, aquarium trade. Diagnosis. A member of Lobocheilos as diagnosed by Kottelat & Tan (2008). Lobocheilos aurolineatus is differentiated from all other members of the genus except for L. ixocheilos Kottelat & Tan and L. tenura Kottelat & Tan in possessing a single, broad black midlateral stripe extending from the operculum to the caudal-fin base. Lobocheilos aurolineatus differs from L. ixocheilos and L. tenura in possessing a thin cream to yellow stripe on the anterior ¾ of the flank, separating the midlateral stripe from the brown dorso-lateral scales (vs. stripe absent in L. ixocheilos and L. tenura; Fig. 3) and a small mouth width (23.5–29.9% HL in L. aurolineatus vs. 32.1–45.0% and 34.4–46.4% HL in L. ixocheilos and L. tenura, respectively). Description. Morphometric and variable meristic data presented in Table 1. Dorsal profile of head and body continuous; body deepest at dorsal-fin origin. Ventral profile from tip of snout to anal fin slightly rounded. Snout conical. Head short, longer than wide. Eyes lateral. Dorsal-fin origin anterior of pelvic-fin origin. Pectoral fin pointed, positioned ventrally, reaching ¾ distance between pectoral-fin origin and pelvic-fin origin when adpressed. Pelvic fin pointed, concave, reaching anus when adpressed. Anal fin reaching ¼ distance to base of caudal fin when adpressed. Dorsal and anal fins slightly concave. Caudal fin deeply forked with pointed lobes, approximately equal in length. Axillary pelvic lobe well developed. Mouth inferior. Rostral cap covering most of upper lip; smooth edge. Upper lip fused with upper jaw; continuous with lower lip around corner of mouth; edge smooth; small papillae present at corner connection with lower lip. Lower jaw straight; cornified at edge. Lateral and anterior portions of lower lip free, forming a distinct fleshy pad; posterior portion thinner and connected to upper lip; anterior edge with small papillae. Maxillary barbels present, shorter than eye diameter. Dorsal-fin rays iii,8, posteriormost split to base; anal-fin rays iii,5, posteriormost split to base; pelvic-fin rays i,8; pectoral-fin rays i,14–16, mode 15; principal caudal-fin rays 10+9, branched caudal-fin rays 9+8. Body entirely scaled, scales large. Lateral-line scales and pored scales on caudal fin 31–32 + 2–3, mode 32 + 2; predorsal scales 10–11, mode 11; scale rows above lateral line 5½; scale rows below lateral line 4½; scale rows between pelvic-fin origin and lateral line 3½ (rarely 3); circumpeduncular scales 16. Color in Preservative. See Figure 1. Dorsum of head and body brown, dark brown blotch posterior to eyes on head, black midline from posterior of head to caudal peduncle, approximately ¼ scale height in thickness, scales with fine black spots around posterior edges. Dorsal half of side of head light to dark brown, ventral half cream to yellow; silver on cheek and ventral half of operculum. Broad, black midlateral stripe extending from operculum to insertion of caudal fin, not extending onto middle caudal-fin rays. Thin cream to yellow stripe above anterior ¾ of midlateral stripe posterior to operculum, separating black midlateral stripe from brown dorso-lateral scales. Dorsolateral scales brown centrally with yellowish margin, overlain with scattered dark brown flecks on posterior edges; scales below midlateral stripe cream to yellow. Venter cream to yellow with silver patch on breast and isthmus. Dorsal fin with scattered black speckling, more concentrated on medial portions of interradial membranes. Caudal fin with scattered black speckling, concentrated on distal portions of upper and lower lobes and occasionally on middle rays. Pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins hyaline. Smaller specimens notably more silvery on head and body. Color in Life. See Figure 2. Dorsum of head and body yellowish-brown, golden-brown patch posterior to eyes on head. Black stripe from tip of snout to anterior edge of mid-eye, continuous after eye to operculum edge; black midline from posterior of head to caudal peduncle continuous to middle of caudal-fin margin. Gold stripe above black midline, ending at caudal-fin base. Posterior lower half of black midline slightly edged with gold. Lower half and ventrum of body cream. All fins hyaline, except dorsal-fin with mid-row of black pigments on interradial membrane and caudal fin with scattered black speckling. Remarks. The minimum polygon clusters formed by plotting the second and third sheared principal components of the morphometric data of L. aurolineatus, L. ixocheilos, and L. tenura are presented in Fig. 4. Size accounted for 98.4% of the observed variance. The second sheared principal component accounted for 4.0% of the observed variance. Mouth width (0.63) and body depth (-0.53) had the highest loadings on the sheared second principal component. The third sheared principal component accounted for 3.5% of the observed variance, and mouth width (0.61) and the length of the anal-fin base (-0.55) had the highest loadings. The minimum polygon of L. aurolineatus does not overlap with the polygons of L. ixocheilos and L. tenura, indicating the former is distinct in body shape from the latter two species. In the description of L. tenura, Kottelat & Tan (2008) tentatively noted that this species from the Kapuas basin in West Kalimantan, Indonesia was figured in Roberts (1989) as L. hispidus (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes). We examined two specimens listed by Roberts (1989) as L. hispidus (USNM 230178, 53.7–66.5 mm SL). Both of these specimens possess a slender caudal-peduncle depth (10.7–10.9% SL) within the range listed by Kottelat & Tan (2008) in diagnosing L. tenura. Specimens of L. ixocheilos examined here possess a deeper caudal peduncle (11.2–12.9% SL) as well, although this range is somewhat below the range of 12.3–13.7% SL listed by Kottelat & Tan (2008) in the description of that species. Despite some overlap in the minimum polygon clusters (Fig. 2), we tentatively identify these specimens as L. tenura based on differences in caudal-peduncle depth. Kottelat & Tan (2008) noted some variation in overall body depth among the types of L. tenura, with the holotype and one paratype (ZRC 51178) being more slender than the other type material. Here also the paratype is more slender than the other specimens examined (Fig. 2). Distribution. Lobocheilos aurolineatus occurs in the Mahakam River (up to Kampung Data Belang [00°13.968’N, 115°27.610’E]) and Lake Jempang, a seasonal floodplain of the river, in East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo (Fig. 5). Etymology. aurolineatus from the Latin aureus, gold, and lineatus, lined, in reference to the gold stripe along the flank in live specimens.Published as part of Ciccotto, Patrick J. & Tan, Heok Hui, 2018, A new species of Lobocheilos (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo, pp. 543-552 in Zootaxa 4399 (4) on pages 544-547, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/120686
Gastromyzon scitulus Tan & Leh, 2006, new species
No full textGastromyzon scitulus, new species Figs. 1-2 Material examined: BORNEO: SARAWAK (Sadong River basin). HOLOTYPE: SM uncatalogued, 25.1 mm SL; Serian, Sungai Kuhas, 6.9 km from Tebelu Tebakang turnoff, 5.8 km inside right side road (01º0910.0”N110º2922.7”E); H. H. Tan et al., 5 Sept. 1995. PARATYPES: ZRC 47035, 5 ex., 18.0-23.5 mm SL; CMK 11959, 3 ex., 18.7-23.6 mm SL; same collection data as holotype. The following paratypic lots are also from the type locality, but with different collectors and dates of collection, as indicated. ZRC 47036, 3 ex., 23.3-26.1 mm SL; H. H Tan et al., 14 Jan. 1996. ZRC 47037, 6 ex., 18.4- 26.7 mm SL; H. H. Tan et al., 19 Feb. 1997. SM uncatalogued, 9 ex., 16.7-25.0 mm SL; ZRC 47038, 9 ex., 15.2-29.7 mm SL; Honours 98/99 Fish Group, 23 June 1998. NON-TYPE MATERIAL: ZRC 47046, 4 ex., 23.2-25.0 mm SL; Sarawak: Tebedu, Sungai Ahi, on road towards Mongkos (00º55.44'N110º32.34'E); H. H. Tan et al., 12 June 1999. The following non-type lots are from the type locality, but with different collectors and dates of collection, as indicated. ZRC 41214, 20 ex., 17.0-30.9 mm SL; H. H Tan et al., 19 Feb. 1997. ZRC 43620, 2 ex., 18.1-27.8 mm SL; H. H Tan & W. K. Goh, 6 Feb. 1999. ZRC 47039, 5 ex., 16.6-25.0 mm SL; H. H. Tan et al., 29 Oct. 1997. ZRC 47040, 21 ex., 12.0-23.6 mm SL (site 1, sample 2); ZRC 47041, 4 ex., 12.3-26.8 mm SL (site 1, sample 3); Honours 98/99 Fish Group, 24 June 1998. ZRC 47042, 6 ex., 17.4-28.2 mm SL (site 2, sample 2); ZRC 47043, 14 ex., 15.6-20.5 mm SL (site 2, sample 3); Honours 98/99 Fish Group, 25 June 1998. ZRC 47044, 13 ex., 11.5-21.3 mm SL (site 3, sample 2); Honours 98/99 Fish Group, 26 June 1998. ZRC 47045, 57 ex., 17.2-31.3 mm SL; H. H. Tan et al., 10 June 1999. ZRC 47190, 23 ex., 16.6-30.6 mm SL; native collectors, 22 June 2002. Diagnosis. Gastromyzon scitulus differs from its congeners in having the following unique combination of characters: gill slit angular; subopercular groove present and continuous to pectoral fin origin; body black with numerous evenly spaced small light brown spots, head dorsum black with numerous cream spots, pectoral and pelvic fins with cream spots; caudal fin with iridescent blue streaks in life; sublacrymal groove present; snout strongly sloping from eye to snout, snout rounded when viewed dorsally; absence of a secondary rostrum; absence of a postoral pouch; abdomen without scales; 57-58 scales in lateral line; pelvic fin just reaching anal fin origin, adpressed dorsal fin just reaching level of anal fin origin. Maximum size: 31.3 mm SL (ZRC 47045). Description. General body shape and appearance as in Figs. 1-2. Meristic and morphometric data appear in Table 1. Head rounded in dorsal profile; short (27.6-28.8 % SL) and relatively wide (20.1-21.8 % SL, 69.7-77.3 % HL), head relatively flattened (head depth 13.9-14.9 % SL, 48.5-54.2 % HL), tubercles over entire head; snout relatively long (snout length 53.0-62.5 % HL); sublacrymal groove present, not visible from side; gill slit angular; subopercular groove present and continuous to pectoral fin origin; postoral pouch absent; belly scales absent; posterior part of pectoral fin overlapping anterior fourth of pelvic fin; pelvic fin just touching anal fin origin; serrae on anterior rays of pectoral and pelvic fins; dorsal fin situated about mid body (predorsal length 55.2-58.2 % SL), adpressed dorsal fin just touching level of anal-fin origin; deepest part of body at dorsal-fin origin (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 19.0-20.9 % SL); anus situated just beyond posterior margin of pelvic fin; caudal peduncle short (8.4-10.5 % SL) and relatively narrow (9.9-10.5 % SL). Pigmentation and life coloration.-See Fig. 1. Body dark brown, dorsum and sides with numerous evenly spaced small light brown spots; ventrum cream. Head dorsum dark brown, with numerous cream spots. Eye with golden iris. Dorsal fin base with 3 cream spots. Dorsal fin light brown, with 3 black bars, the subdistal bar most distinct; proximal part of dorsal fin yellowish, with hyaline fin margin and interradial membrane; anterobasal black spot present. Caudal fin base yellowish, fin rays brown, the central portion black and shaped in a figure 8; caudal streaked with iridescent blue on interradial membranes, the top distal half of rays with thick hyaline edge, middle with thin hyaline edge, and bottom half of rays with thin reddish edge. Anal fin brown with 2 black bars and a hyaline edge. Pectoral and pelvic fins dark brown with 2-3 rows of light brown spots and a light brown edge. Pelvic axillary flap brown with 4-5 cream spots. Color in alcohol.-See Fig. 2. Body dark brown or black, the dorsum and sides with numerous faint, evenly spaced small cream spots; ventrum cream. Head dorsum dark brown or black, with numerous cream spots. Dorsal fin base with 3 cream spots. Dorsal fin light brown, with 3 black bars, the subdistal bar most distinct; fin with hyaline interradial membrane and margin; antero-basal black spot present. Caudal fin base grey, fin rays cream, central portion black with figure 8 shape, thick hyaline edge. Anal fin cream, with 2 black bars and hyaline edge. Pectoral and pelvic fins dark brown with 2-3 rows of light brown spots and brown edge. Pelvic axillary flap brown, with faint spots. Remarks.- Gastromyzon scitulus can be further differentiated from G. ctenocephalus by the following characters: dorsal fin without iridescent blue spots (vs. spots present); dorsal fin base with 3 cream spots (vs. 4-5 spots); pelvic axillary flap with 4-5 spots (vs. 7 or more spots); fewer pectoral-fin rays (25-26, mode 25, vs. 27-29, mode 28); fewer pelvic-fin rays (17, vs. 18-19, mode 19); fewer lateral-line scales (57-58, mode 58, vs. 59- 62, mode 60); fewer predorsal scales (24-27, mode 25, vs. 30-33, mode 30); fewer caudalpeduncle scales (5.1.5, vs. 6-7.1.6-7); narrower head width (20.1-21.8, vs. 21.5-27.0 % SL); greater interorbital width (12.3-13.4, vs. 10.7-12.5 % SL). Distribution.- Gastromyzon scitulus is currently only known from the Sadong River basin, in southern Sarawak (Fig. 7). Etymology -The species name is from the Latin scitulus, meaning beautiful, elegant. This is in allusion to the pretty body pattern and coloration in life. Used as an adjective. Field notes.-The type locality, Sungai Kuhas (Fig. 8), is an unshaded hill stream running next to a Bidayuh village (Kampung Lanchang). This village is surrounded by pepper and cocoa plantations, with scrub and secondary vegetation and with some remnant hill forest. The Gastromyzon species are most common above, below, and within the riffle zone, about 1-3 metres wide in shallow running water (pH 7.0) amongst the submerged rocks. Syntopic balitorid species present were Gastromyzon crenastus, G. farragus, Glaniopsis sp., Homaloptera weberi and Nemacheilus saravacensis. Other syntopic species include: Barbonymus collingwoodi, Esomus metallicus [introduced], Hampala macrolepidota, Paracrossocheilus vittata, Puntius banksi, P. kuchingensis, P. orphoides, P. sealei, Rasbora caudimaculata, R. sarawakensis (Cyprinidae), Silurichthys marmoratus (Siluridae), Glyptothorax major (Sisoridae), Clarias leiacanthus (Clariidae), Dermogenys collettei, Hemirhamphodon keukenthali (Hemiramphidae), Betta taeniata (Osphronemidae), Channa gachua, C. lucius (Channidae), and Macrognathus maculatus (Mastacembelidae). Short-term ecological observations were made during a week-long fourth year Honours field course conducted in June 1998. From preliminary surveys conducted earlier, G. farragus was the most common species (65% of total Gastromyzon specimens) and G. crenastus the least common (10% of specimens); which was substantiated by this survey (based on 298 specimens). All three species preferred larger rocks and areas with fast water current. None was obtained from the small rock area with slow water current. However, none was obtained from areas with large rocks and slow water current. Perhaps the larger rocks provide more conducive spots for the fish to reside. Where the water current is strong, smaller sized substratum is usually lacking due to the currents washing these away. There appears to be no difference in gut length between the three species (gut length 248-353 % SL for G. crenastus [n=9], 228-350 % SL for G. farragus [n=12], 234-342 % SL for G. scitulus [n=9]). However, the gut length is consistent with their herbivorous habits, ranging from 248-353 % of standard length (Clayton, 1993). The guts were dissected and the contents of the stomach and foregut examined with a stereoscope. Much of the gut contents was mush and probably consisted of algal and detrital matter. When parts of the gut content were fixed in 75 % alcohol, a greenish colour was leached out, suggesting the presence of chlorophyll, which indicates algal or plant origins.Published as part of H. H. Tan & C. U. M. Leh, 2006, Three new species of Gastromyzon (Teleostei: Balitoridae) from southern Sarawak., pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 1126 on pages 3-
Macrognathus kris Ng & Tan 2020, new species
No full textMacrognathus kris, new species (Fig. 1) Type material. Holotype: MZB 10978, 189.4 mm SL; Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah, Kahayan River drainage, Rungan River, 02°02.016’S 113°47.091’E; H. H. Tan, 22–30 October 2007. Paratypes: MZB 10979 (2), 115.9–118.1 mm SL; ZRC 51202 (7), 173.1–276.2 mm SL; ZRC 51203 (12), 99.8–141.5 mm SL; ZRC 51204 (4), 331.7–387.6 mm SL; CMK 24244 (5), 111.7–232.8 mm SL; data as for holotype. ZRC 54295 (2), 232.2–240.2 mm SL; Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah, Kahayan River drainage, Tahai area, Rungan River sub-drainage, Sungai Buyot, feeder stream to Danau Sargumang, 2°1’46.6”S 113°47’49.6”E. ZRC 54296 (4), 48.8–67.6 mm SL; CMK 24243 (2); Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah, Kahayan River drainage, Rungan River sub-drainage, Sungai Panta, blackwater river draining into Rungan River and its confluence, connected to Nyaru Menteng, 2°2’1.0”S 113°47’5.5”E; H. H. Tan & M. Kottelat, 5 March 2008. NSMT-P 111939 (1), 247.0 mm SL; NSMT-P 112002 (1), 270.0 mm SL; Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah, Kahayan River drainage, Lake Takapan; A. Doi, 11 July 2000. Diagnosis. Macrognathus kris is distinguished from all congeners in having a combination of the following characters: rim of anterior nostril with two fimbriae and two fimbrules; 43–45 rostral tooth plates; 24–25 dorsal spines; 46–55 dorsal-fin rays; 51–59 anal-fin rays; 20–23 principal caudal-fin rays; 76–78 total vertebrae; body depth at anus 11.8–15.9% SL; color pattern consisting of light brown stripe on dorsum and 11–14 large irregular dark brown blotches on side of body. Description. Morphometric data in Table 1. Body anguilliform, oval in cross section, narrowing posteriorly, becoming strongly compressed posterior to anal-fin origin. Minute scales on body, opercular area and cheek. Vertebrae 34–35 + 42–43 = 76–78 [77]. Head compressed, with snout produced into rostral appendage projecting from upper jaw. Rostral appendage with tubular anterior naris located subdistally, approximately one quarter distance from anterior tip of rostral appendage to its base; appendage supported by 43–45 [43] rostral tooth plates. Rim of anterior nares with two fimbriae and two fimbrules. Posterior nares horizontally elongate, located approximately one fifth distance between anterior rim of eye and tip of rostral appendage. Eye ovoid, horizontal axis longest, subcutaneous; located entirely in dorsal half of head. Preorbital region with single short spine located in groove vertically below posterior naris. Preopercular region lacking spines. Gill openings of moderate size, extending from level of base of first pectoral-fin ray to isthmus. Mouth subterminal. Oral teeth small, villiform, in irregular rows on all tooth-bearing surfaces. Pectoral fins with 22–23 [22] rays; base of first ray at dorsal corner of gill opening. Pelvic fins absent. Dorsal and anal fins located towards posterior of body, separate from caudal fin. Dorsal fin with 46–55 [51] soft fin rays, preceded by 24–25 [24] spines; spines partially covered by skin, gradually increasing in size posteriorly. First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted posterior to 35–36 [35] neural spine; last dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted posterior to 67–69 [69] neural spine. Anal fin with 51–59 [57] soft fin rays, preceded by three spines. Spines situated in median groove of skin pouch immediately anterior to anal-fin origin; first spine much smaller than second. First anal-fin pterygiophore inserted posterior to hemal spine of 35–37 [36] vertebra. Caudal fin with rounded posterior margin, 20–23 [22] principal rays. Coloration. In 70% ethanol: Ground color of head and body medium brown, fading to dark yellow on venter. Lighter brown stripe located on dorsum, extending from tip of snout to base of caudal fin, but broken up by dorsal elongation of dark brown blotches at and posterior to anal-fin origin. Flanks posterior to pectoral-fin base with series of 11–14 large irregular dark brown blotches. First 5–8 blotches anterior to anal-fin origin in shape of irregular pentagon with ventrally-directed vertex; ventrally directed vertices frequently with thin prolongation forming 6–9 thin dark brown bands encircling belly. Blotch immediately preceding anal-fin origin and those posterior to this point irregularly shaped, with thin dorsal and ventral prolongations that extend to dorsal- and anal-fin rays, respectively. Posteriormost 2–3 blotches tend to coalesce. Elongate, large irregular dark brown blotches on side of head and body anterior to pectoral-fin base. Ventral edge of blotch irregular, poorly defined, frequently with ventral prolongations forming incomplete thin dark brown bands on ventral surface of head and snout. Pectoral fin with small dark brown spots forming 2–3 subdistal bands. Dorsal and anal fins with numerous dark brown spots irregularly arranged. Caudal fin with dark brown spots forming 2–3 median and subdistal transverse bands. Distribution. This species is currently known only from the Rungan River sub-drainage of the Kahayan River drainage in Central Kalimantan, Borneo (Fig. 2). We hypothesize that it may occur also in neighboring sub-drainages within the Kahayan River drainage, or even in adjacent river drainages (e.g. the Mentaya River drainage). Further surveys are needed to confirm this. Habitat. Macrognathus kris inhabits blackwater habitats associated with peat swamp forests. Sungai Panta (where some of the paratypes have been collected) is a blackwater feeder stream flowing into Rungan River, with alluvial forest and flooded forest habitats. Syntopic fish species include: Brevibora cheeya Liao & Tan, Crossocheilus pseudobagarius Duncker, Desmopuntius foerschi (Kottelat), D. johorensis (Duncker), D. rhomboocellatus (Koumans), Eirmotus cf. insignis Tan & Kottelat, Malayochela maassii (Weber & de Beaufort), Osteochilus pentalineatus Kottelat, O. spilurus (Bleeker), Striuntius lineatus (Duncker) (Cyprinidae), Kottelatia brittani (Axelrod), Pectenocypris korthusae Kottelat, Rasbora calliura Boulenger, R. cephalotaenia (Bleeker), R. paucisqualis Ahl, in Schreitmüller, Sundadanio retiarius Conway et al., Trigonopoma gracile (Kottelat) (Danionidae), Barbucca cf. diabolica Roberts (Barbuccidae), Neohomaloptera johorensis Herre (Balitoridae), Kottelatlimia pristes (Roberts) (Cobitidae), Nemacheilus cf. spiniferus Kottelat (Nemacheilidae), Hemibagrus capitulum (Popta), Nanobagrus immaculatus Ng, Leiocassis bekantan Ng & Tan, Pseudomystus funebris Ng (Bagridae), Silurichthys ligneolus Ng & Tan, S. phaiosoma (Bleeker) (Siluridae), Parakysis notialis Ng & Kottelat (Akysidae), Chaca serica Ng & Kottelat (Chacidae), Xenetodon canciloides (Bleeker) (Belonidae), Hemirhamphodon chrysopunctatus Brembach, H. tengah Collette, in Anderson & Collette (Zenarchopteridae), Chendol lubricus Kottelat & Lim, Nagaichthys sp. (Chaudhuriidae), Macrognathus circumcinctus (Hora), M. tapirus Kottelat & Widjanarti (Mastacembelidae), Pristolepis grooti (Bleeker) (Pristolepididae), Nandus nebulosus (Gray) (Nandidae), Betta anabatoides Bleeker, B. edithae Vierke, Luciocephalus aura Tan & Ng, Parosphromenus filamentosus Vierke, Sphaerichthys acrostoma Vierke, S. selatanensis Vierke, Trichopodus leerii (Bleeker) (Osphronemidae), Achiroides sp. (Soleidae), and Pao palembangensis (Bleeker) (Tetraodontidae). The inhabitants are a mix of riverine—with mainly swamp forest and peat swamp—taxa. Etymology. The kris is a wavy-bladed dagger carried and used by local nobility and warriors. The name is used as a noun in apposition, in allusion to the wavy or zigzag pattern on the body of the spiny eel and the general resting posture of the fish when viewed from above.Published as part of Ng, Heok Hee & Tan, Heok Hui, 2020, A new, uniquely patterned spiny eel (Teleostei: Mastacembelidae) from southern Borneo, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia, pp. 170-178 in Zootaxa 4819 (1) on pages 171-174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/395598
Gastromyzon cranbrooki Tan & Sulaiman, 2006, new species
No full textGastromyzon cranbrooki, new species Figs. 1-2 Gastromyzon borneensis (non Günther) - Cranbrook & Edwards, 1994: 327; Choy & Chin, 1994: 761; Doi, 1997: 19 (list; in part). Gastromyzon fasciatus (non Inger & Chin) - Choy & Chin, 1994: 762; Kottelat & Lim, 1995: 235 (part). Material examined: BRUNEI DARUSSALAM (Temburong district, Temburong River basin): HOLOTYPE: UBD uncatalogued, 48.2 mm SL; Sungai Belalong, in front and near to Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre (04°32'50.4"N115°09'27.6"E [80 m asl]); H. H. Tan & K. K. P. Lim, 4-7 Oct 2001. PARATYPES: UBD uncatalogued, 26 ex., 20.0-45.0 mm SL; ZRC 47003, 26 ex., 19.9-53.5 mm SL; same locality as holotype. ZRC 38757, 12 ex., 19.7-61.4 mm SL; Temburong River basin: Sungai Belalong at Kuala Belalong; K. K. P. Lim et al., 14-17 Jun 1995. CMK 11553, 2 ex., 45.2-47.7 mm SL; Temburong River basin: Sungai Temburong, about 1 km downstream of Kuala Belalong; K. K. P. Lim et al., 16 Jun 1995. NON-TYPE MATERIAL: Brunei Darussalam (Temburong district: Temburong River basin): UBD-SC/92/7/F6, 4 ex., 17.9-52.8 mm SL; Sungai Belalong, Kuala Belalong Field Study Centre; S. Choy, 27 Jul 1992. UBD-SC/91/8/3, 1 ex., 75.5 mm SL; Sungai Belalong, upper Sungai Babi, past HP171; S. Choy & S. Nyawa, 7 Aug 1991. UBD-SC/92/6/2, 3 ex., 38.7-52.0 mm SL; Sungai Belalong, near Kuala Belalong Field Study Centre; S. Choy, 28 Jun 1992. UBD uncatalogued, 4 ex., 45.7-58.1 mm SL; Sungai Belalong, opposite Kuala Belalong Field Study Centre intake pipe; S. Choy, 27 Jul 1992. UBD-SC/92/7/1, 3 ex., 40.5-42.6 mm SL; Sungai Belalong, near intake pipe; A. K. Zainal & Awg. Moss, 27 Jul 1992. UBD-SC/92/8/7, 6 ex., 39.9-59.2 mm SL; Sungai Belalong near Kuala Belalong Field Study Centre, near water intake pipe; S. Choy, Dec 1991. UBD-B-11, 11 ex., 14.6- 54.6 mm SL; Sungai Belalong at Kuala Belalong; K. K. P. Lim et al., 14-17 Jun 1995. ZRC 31803, 1 ex., 46.7 mm SL; Sungai Belalong near Kuala Belalong Field Study Centre; S. C. Choy, 24 Jul 1992. ZRC 47004, 3 ex., 35.0-54.1 mm SL; Belalong River basin; Sungai Enkabang, about 15 minutes upstream of Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre (04°32'13.5"N115°09'35.0"E [100 m asl]); H. H. Tan & K. K. P. Lim, 5 Oct 2001. ZRC 47005, 1 ex., 51.3 mm SL; Belalong River basin; Sungai Belalong at mouth of Sungai Enkabang (04°32'13.5"N115°09'35.0"E [100 m asl]); H. H. Tan et al., 6 Oct 2001. ZRC 47006, 5 ex., 39.4-52.2 mm SL; Belalong River basin; Sungai Belalong at mouth of Sungai Esu (04°32'17.9"N115°09'35.2"E); H. H. Tan et al., 6 Oct 2001. ZRC 47007, 1 ex., 48.7 mm SL; Sungai Temburong, just upstream of confluence of Sungai Temburong and Sungai Belalong; H. H. Tan et al., 5 Oct 2001. ZRC 47008, 2 ex., 33.5-57.5 mm SL; Belalong River basin; Sungai Engkiang, about 40 minutes upstream of Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre (about 3-4 km upstream) (04°29'08.7"N115°08'43.4"E [120 m asl]); H. H. Tan & K. K. P. Lim, 8 Oct 2001. Diagnosis. Gastromyzon cranbrooki differs from its congeners in having the following unique combination of characters: presence of distinct secondary rostrum; presence of complete postoral pouch; body brown, with 9-10 grey bars, head dorsum dark brown, with thin grey reticulate pattern; absence of subopercular groove; gill slit vertical; presence of sublacrymal groove; snout truncate when viewed dorsally; abdomen without scales; 56-60 scales in lateral line; pelvic fin not overlapping anal fin origin, adpressed dorsal fin falling short of level of anal fin origin. Maximum size: 75.5 mm SL (UBD-SC/91/8/3). Description. General body shape and appearance as in Figs. 1-2. Meristic and morphometric data appear in Table 1. Head truncate when viewed in dorsal view, relatively short (26.2-29.6 % SL) and wide (26.2-30.4 % SL, 88.5-106.7 % HL), head relatively flattened (head depth 13.5-14.9 % SL, 47.4-52.4 % HL). Tubercles concentrated on anterior part of snout below secondary rostrum. Snout relatively long (65.7-70.3 % HL), with broadly rounded secondary rostrum; mature males with secondary rostrum longer than primary rostrum. Sublacrymal groove present, not visible from side. Gill slit vertical, its length less than eye diameter. Subopercular groove absent. Postoral pouch complete. No scales on belly. Pectoral and pelvic fins with serrae on anteriormost rays. Posterior part of pectoral fin just reaching anterior part of pelvic fin. Pelvic fin not reaching anal fin origin. Dorsal fin situated at about mid body (predorsal length 53.8-58.8 % SL), adpressed dorsal fin falling short of level of anal-fin origin. Deepest part of body at dorsal-fin origin (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 17.3-20.8 % SL). Anus between posterior base of fused pelvic fins and anal fin origin. Some specimens with tubercles on posterior part of lower half of body. Caudal peduncle relatively deep (8.6-9.6 % SL) and short (7.6- 10.4 % SL). Body pigmentation and life coloration- See Fig. 1. This species was first depicted by Cranbrook & Edwards (1994: 327). Body dark brown on dorsum and sides, body with 9- 10 grey bars on side of body that are continuous across dorsum and connect with bars on opposite side; a white spot on posterior edge of every body scale; ventrum cream. Head dorsum dark brown with thin grey reticulate pattern. Eye with golden iris. Dorsal fin grey on lowermost two-thirds of rays, the interradial membranes and margin of fin hyaline. A basal black spot present on anterior part of dorsal fin. Caudal-fin base black, the fin with 4-5 black bars, fin with hyaline edge and with golden sheen in the middle section of fin. Anal-fin rays black on lowermost two-thirds; margin of fin broadly hyaline, with golden sheen. Pectoral-fin rays dark brown with 2-3 faint grey bands and hyaline margin. Pelvic axillary flap brown with yellowish margin. Pelvic-fin dark brown with 2 faint grey bands, thin hyaline margin on anterior part of fin; a thicker hyaline margin on posterior part of fin. Colour in alcohol. See Fig. 2. Body black on dorsum and sides, with 9-10 grey bars extending from one side to the other side across dorsum; ventrum cream. Head dorsum black with faint thin grey reticulate pattern. Dorsal-fin rays grey on lowermost two-thirds, the interradial membranes and margin of fin hyaline. A basal black spot present on anterior part of dorsal fin. Caudal fin base black, the fin rays grey with 4-5 black bars across fin, and with interradial membranes and posterior margin hyaline. Anal-fin rays grey, with 2 black bars, and with a wide hyaline area on posterior margin of fin. Pectoral fin black, with 2-3 faint grey bands, and with a very thin hyaline posterior margin. Pelvic axillary flap black, with a thin grey margin. Pelvic fin black, with 2 faint grey bands, a very thin hyaline margin anteriorly, and a thick hyaline margin posteriorly. Juveniles with up to 11 cream bars on body, head with faint cream reticulate pattern, caudal fin with 2 black bars. Distribution. Gastromyzon cranbrooki is currently known only from the Temburong River basin, Brunei Darussalam (Fig. 7). Remarks. Gastromyzon cranbrooki may be readily confused with G. borneensis, which also possesses a barred body and a secondary rostrum. In addition to characters included in the Diagnosis, G. cranbrooki can be further differentiated from the other congeners of the G. borneensis group by the following characters: presence of a secondary rostrum (vs. absence in G. monticola and G. ornaticauda); head truncate in dorsal view (vs. rounded in G. monticola); pelvic fin not overlapping anal fin origin (vs. overlapping in G. ornaticauda); pectoral fin length less than in G. ornaticauda (37.4-41.5, vs. 41.4-43.7 % SL); greater head width than in G. ornaticauda (26.2-30.4, vs. 21.7-25.9 % SL); greater orbit diameter than in G. monticola (3.7-4.5, vs. 2.9-3.5 % SL). Etymology. Named for the Earl of Cranbrook, in recognition of his contributions to the study of biodiversity in Southeast Asia. Field notes. Gastromyzon cranbrooki is the most common Gastromyzon species in the riffle zones of Sungai Belalong. Most specimens were obtained from a rocky area about 15 metres wide, just 20 metres upstream of the Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre (Fig. 8), in shallow flowing water less than 50 cm deep, and with the pH 6.6. The substrate consists of a mix of small rocks and gravel of quartz, basalt and shale origin. Syntopic species include three other Gastromyzon (G. aeroides, G. punctulatus, G. venustus) and two additional balitorid species (Parhomaloptera microstoma and Neogastromyzon sp.). Other syntopic species include Barbonymus collingwoodii, Hampala bimaculata, Lobocheilos cf. bo, Nematabramis steindachneri, Paracrossocheilus acerus, Rasbora agyrotaenia, Tor tambra (Cyprinidae), Glyptothorax major (Sisoridae), Eugnathogobius sp., Parawaous sp. (Gobiidae), and Macrognathus maculatus (Mastacembelidae).Published as part of H. H. Tan & Z. H. Sulaiman, 2006, Three new species of Gastromyzon (Teleostei: Balitoridae) from the Temburong River basin, Brunei Darussalam, Borneo., pp. 1-19 in Zootaxa 1117 on pages 3-
- …
