21,672 research outputs found
An optimal procedure for identifying parameter structure and application to a confined aquifer
No full textVaritrella (Cantotrella) suikei Tan, Japir & Chung 2020
No full textVaritrella (Cantotrella) suikei Tan, Japir & Chung, 2020 (Figs 15, 16) Varitrella (Cantotrella) suikei – Tan et al., 2020: 264 Material examined. Holotype: EAST MALAYSIA • ♂; Sabah State, Sandakan, Sepilok, Kabili Sepilok Forest Reserve; N5.86985, E117.93805, 69.8± 7.7 m.a.s.l.; 1 October 2019; on a foliage; coll. M.K. Tan, R. Japir & J. Lee Yukang; SDK.19.78 (FRC) Other material examined: EAST MALAYSIA • 1♂; Sabah State, Sandakan, Sepilok, Rainforest Discovery Centre; N5.87435, E117.94205, 49.9± 5.7 m.a.s.l.; 17 May 2022, 20h17; among the branch and foliage, feeding on the fruits of Leea; coll. M.K. Tan & T. Robillard; SBH.22.132 (MNHN) Remarks. This represents the second specimen for this species, having been previously described by a single holotype. The male resembles the holotype but we also illustrated the spermatophore (Fig. 15C). Ecology. The recently collected specimen was observed to feed on the fruits of Leea, but it probably also fed on the flowers and leaves of this common plant at the Rainforest Discovery Centre (Fig. 16). Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Sepilok (Borneo, Sabah State). Calling song. The calling song of the holotype was described in Tan et al. (2020). The call structure and call parameters of Varitrella (Cantotrella) suikei are distinct from those of Varitrella (Cantotrella) tabin sp. nov.: the former consists of irregular trill instead of well-defined echeme-sequences (even though each echeme is made up of two syllables). The echeme and syllable durations of Varitrella (Cantotrella) suikei are shorter in duration; and the dominant frequency is slightly higher.Published as part of Tan, Ming Kai, Japir, Razy, Chung, Arthur Y. C. & Robillard, Tony, 2022, New taxa and notes on bark and bush crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae Landrevinae and Podoscirtinae) from Sabah, pp. 201-228 in Zootaxa 5178 (3) on pages 221-223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/702615
Cycloptiloides bimaculatus Tan, Japir & Chung 2021
No full textCycloptiloides bimaculatus Tan, Japir & Chung, 2021 (Figs 1A, 2) Cycloptiloides bimaculata Tan et al., 2021: 410 Cycloptiloides bimaculatus — Tan et al. 2022b: 600 Specimen examined. Holotype: EAST MALAYSIA • ♂; Sabah State, Sandakan, Sepilok, Rainforest Discovery Centre; N5.87580, E117.94299, 39.1± 5.4 m.a.s.l.; 9 January 2019, 19h11; on the leaf litter; coll. M.K. Tan, R. Japir, M. Binti & J.L. Yukang; SDK.19.20 (FRC) Additional specimens examined. EAST MALAYSIA • 1♂; Sabah State, Sandakan, Sepilok, Rainforest Discovery Centre; N5.87554, E117.94135, 54.5± 6.1 m.a.s.l.; 11 May 2022, 20h58; on the leaf litter; coll. M.K. Tan & T. Robillard; SBH.22.19 (FRC) • 1♂; Sabah State, Sandakan, Sepilok, Rainforest Discovery Centre; N5.87416, E117.93786, 89.2± 6.8 m.a.s.l.; 18 May 2022, 20h07; on the leaf litter; coll. M.K. Tan & T. Robillard; SBH.22.152 (MNHN) • 1♂; Sabah State, Sandakan, Sepilok, Rainforest Discovery Centre; N5.87328, E117.93749, 95.1± 5.6 m.a.s.l.; 18 May 2022, 20h57; on the leaf litter; coll. M.K. Tan & T. Robillard; SBH.22.153 (FRC) • 1♂; Sabah State, Sepagaya Waterfall, near Lahad Datu; N4.98354, E118.14498, 182.4± 7.4 m.a.s.l.; 13 May 2022, 11h39; on the leaf litter; coll. M.K. Tan & T. Robillard; SBH.22.50 (ZRC) • 1♂, 1♀; Sabah State, Mount Silam, lowland forest; N4.97589, E118.19060, 341 m.a.s.l.; 13 May 2022, 20h; on the leaf litter; coll. M.K. Tan & T. Robillard; TR22-10 (MNHN) Distribution. Borneo, Sabah State: Sepilok, Mount Silam [new locality record], Sepagaya near Lahad Datu [new locality record] Type locality. EAST MALAYSIA, Sabah State, Sepilok Calling song (1 ♂, in captivity, 26.4°C) (Fig. 2). The calling song generally consists of a sequence of echemes which can be highly variable in duration (8–26 s). The echeme sequence typically begins with the echemes more erratic in terms of number of syllables, syllable durations and intervals. Each echeme is made up of 4–10 syllables (= pulses), and has an average duration of 140.9±65.3 ms (78.0–249.1 ms). Consecutive echemes have an average interval of 371.6±86.3 ms (285.6–474.3 ms). The average syllable duration is 14.1±1.5 ms (11.9–15.6 ms) and the average interval between consecutive syllables is 7.2±1.6 ms (5.4–9.7 ms). The dominant frequency is 8.34 kHz. Compared to the continuous trill of Cycloptiloides timah Ingrisch, 2006 from Singapore (see Tan et al., under review), the calling song of C. bimaculatus also differs by a distinctly shorter syllable duration (14.1 ms in C. bimaculatus vs. 25.7 ms in C. timah) and by the intervals between consecutive syllables (7.2 ms vs. 104.5 ms). The dominant frequency is also distinctly lower (8.3 kHz vs. 9.1 kHz). It should be noted that the average temperature of the recordings for the two species are different (26.5°C in C. bimaculatus vs. 30.5°C in C. timah), which may have contributed partly to the differences in the call parameters between the two species.Published as part of Tan, Ming Kai, Japir, Razy, Chung, Arthur Y. C., Wahab, Rodzay Bin Haji Abdul & Robillard, Tony, 2022, Taxonomy and bioacoustics of scaly crickets (Orthoptera, Mogoplistidae Mogoplistinae) from Borneo and Singapore, pp. 177-189 in Zootaxa 5213 (2) on pages 178-181, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/735437
Pendleburyella nimba Tan & Japir & Chung 2024, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Pendleburyella nimba</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 1C, 1D, 2B, 2D, 2F, 2H, 3D–G, 5)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> EAST MALAYSIA: Sabah State • ♁ holotype; Trusmadi Entomology Camp in Nuluhon Trusmadi Forest Reserve; N5.44174, E116.45074, 1189.0± 5.2 m.a.s.l.; 31 October 2023, 19h58–20h23; attracted to light trap at ridge; coll. M.K. Tan, J.L. Yukang & A.Y.C. Chung; SBH.23.26 (FRC)</p> <p>Paratypes: EAST MALAYSIA: Sabah State • 1♁; Trusmadi Entomology Camp in Nuluhon Trusmadi Forest Reserve; N5.44307, E116.45155, 1199.0± 5.6 m.a.s.l.; 31 October 2023, 20h33–20h49; attracted to light trap near camp; coll. M.K. Tan, J.L. Yukang & A.Y.C. Chung; SBH.23.33 (ZRC) • 1♁; Trusmadi Entomology Camp in Nuluhon Trusmadi Forest Reserve; N5.44300, E116.45140, 1184.0± 11.6 m.a.s.l.; 31 October 2023, 19h34; attracted to light at camp; coll. M.K. Tan, J.L. Yukang & A.Y.C. Chung; SBH.23.6 (MNHN).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> This species is characterised by the four distinct dark-brown bands on the dorsum of the head and its vertex dark brown; and by the genitalia stouter than the congeners and with the ventral process of the pseudepiphallic paramere short, slightly curved inwards and not surpassing its pseudepiphallic lophi; and the ectophallic fold very slender with the anterior and posterior margins straight and converging.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species name refers to the species being found to inhabit the highlands “among the clouds” in Sabah; nimbus = cloud in Latin.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Smaller and lighter in colouration than the preceding species, yellow brown in general (Figs 1C, 1D). Head dorsum yellow brown, with four distinct dark-brown bands and vertex dark brown (Fig. 2B). Face rounded (Fig. 2D). Antennae inserted at level midpoint of eye in anterior view (Fig. 2D). Vertex sloping anteriorly (Fig. 2F) Eyes projected anteriorly, slightly taller than wide (Fig. 2F); median ocellus transverse, smaller than lateral ocelli; lateral ocelli oblong, whitish (Fig. 2D). Maxillary palpi brown; with apical segment elongated-triangular, distinctly longer than subapical and third segments; with subapical segment cylindrical and expanded slightly distally, somewhat similar length as apical and third segments; third segment cylindrical (Fig. 2F). Pronotal disc brown about 1.7 times as wide as long, widening posteriorly (posterior margin about 1.6 times as wide as anterior margin); anterior margin of disc broadly concave; posterior margin of disc slightly convex (Fig. 2B). Pronotal lateral lobe 1.1 times as long as high (Fig. 2F). TI slightly swollen; with inner and outer tympana open and having oval tympanal membrane; legs generally pale brown.</p> <p> <b>Male.</b> FW yellow brown and slenderer; about 3.1 times as long as broad (Fig. 2H); covering abdomen. Venation (Fig. 2H): 1A vein transverse, faintly sinusoidal; diagonal substraight, with two distinct and one shorter less-distinct oblique veins in harp area; posterior two oblique veins faintly curved and parallel, join at base near 1A, anterior most vein distinctly shorter and running nearly perpendicular to 1A. Mirror about 1.4 times as long as wide, dividing vein strongly curved at basal end. Lateral field around 10 branches on Sc (Fig. 1D). Apical field 0.14 times as long as FWL (Fig. 2H). Hind wings clearly surpassing FWs but not cerci.</p> <p>♁ genitalia (Figs 3D–F). Pseudepiphallus [epiphallus] typical of genus, stouter than preceding species. Posterior end of pseudepiphallus [epiphallus] produced into two stout tongued-shaped pseudepiphallic lophi [posterolateral epiphallic lobe] with apices obtuse; between these lophi triangularly emarginated. These lophi, in profile, flattened and having fine setae on dorsal surface. Pseudepiphallic paramere [ectoparamere] with ventral process short, slightly curved inwards and not surpassing pseudepiphallic lophi; with external margin more sclerotized. In profile, ventral process pointing slightly ventrad. Dorsal process of pseudepiphallic paramere weakly sclerotized and not surpassing pseudepiphallic lophi; apices acute. Ectophallic fold [rachis] in profile very slender and tapering into very acute apex, with anterior and posterior margins straight and converging.</p> <p> <b>Measurements (3♁, in mm).</b> See Table 1.</p> <p> <b>Ecology.</b> The species was found to be attracted to light, particularly the males (Fig. 5).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Borneo (Sabah, Mountain Trus Madi)</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> EAST MALAYSIA, Sabah State, Mountain Trus Madi in Nuluhon Trusmadi Forest Reserve</p> <p> <b>Calling song.</b> Unknown.</p>Published as part of <i>Tan, Ming Kai, Japir, Razy & Chung, Arthur Y. C., 2024, New species of the elusive crickets from the genus Pendleburyella Chopard, 1969 (Gryllidae, Pentacentrinae) from Sabah, Borneo, pp. 264-272 in Zootaxa 5397 (2)</i> on pages 267-271, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5397.2.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10468735">http://zenodo.org/record/10468735</a>
Monseremus bellus Tan & Japir & Chung & Robillard 2022, new combination
No full textMonseremus bellus (Tan & Wahab, 2018) new combination (Figs 2D–F, 3C, 3D) Melaneremus? bellus Tan & Wahab, 2018: 584 Melaneremus (?) sp. — Tan & Wahab, 2018b: 132 Melaneremus bellus — Cadena-Castañeda 2019: 79 Material examined. Holotype: BRUNEI DARUSSALAM:• ♀; Ulu Temburong National Park, Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, primary ridge dipterocarp forest; N4.54731, E115.15697, 103.9± 8.7 m.a.s.l.; on foliage of tree; 26 July 2017, 20h31; coll. M. K. Tan (KB.17.76, ZRC). Paratypes: BRUNEI DARUSSALAM: • 1♀; Ulu Temburong National Park, Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, primary ridge dipterocarp forest; N4.54629, E115.15680, 133.9±9.0 m.a.s.l.; on rattan leaf; 23 September 2016; 21h49; coll. M. K. Tan (KB.16.20, ZRC) • 1♂; Ulu Temburong National Park, Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, primary ridge dipterocarp forest; N4.54706, E115.15720, 112.1±16.0 m.a.s.l.; on foliage of tree; 23 September 2016, 22h14; coll. M. K. Tan (KB.16.22, ZRC) • 1♂; Ulu Temburong National Park, Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, primary ridge dipterocarp forest; N4.54584, E115.15685, 103.3± 6.8 m.a.s.l., on foliage near ground; 25 July 2017, 21h30; coll. M. K. Tan (KB.16.63, ZRC) • 1♀; Ulu Temburong National Park, Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, primary ridge dipterocarp forest; N4.54730, E115.15703, 99.8±6.0 m.a.s.l.; on rattan leaf; 26 July 2017, 20h41; coll. M. K. Tan (KB.17.77, ZRC) • 1♂; Ulu Temburong National Park, Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, primary ridge dipterocarp forest; N4.54655, E115.15688, 101.9± 7.5 m.a.s.l.; on rattan leaf; 27 July 2017, 20h38; coll. M. K. Tan (KB.17.90, ZRC). Revised diagnosis. The male differs from that of M. appendiculatus by the medial processes of the tenth abdominal tergite: the inner margins and apices touching each other. The female differs from that of M. appendiculatus by the projections at the anterior margin of subgenital plate smaller, more flattened (in lateral view), and shorter in length than subgenital plate. Other minor differences include the male subgenital plate more transverse, ca. 2.5 times wider than long; the ovipositor <16.5 mm in length, shorter than M. appendiculatus. Distribution. BRUNEI DARUSSALAM: Temburong Ecology. This species is currently known to inhabit the lowland ridge dipterocarp forest.Published as part of Tan, Ming Kai, Japir, Razy, Chung, Arthur Y. C. & Robillard, Tony, 2022, A review of the genus Monseremus Ingrisch, 2018 (Orthoptera, Stenopelmatoidea Gryllacrididae) from Borneo, pp. 107-114 in Zootaxa 5165 (1) on pages 112-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/682565
Cycloptiloides bimaculata Tan, Japir & Chung 2021, new species
No full textCycloptiloides bimaculata Tan, Japir & Chung, new species (Figs. 2–4) Micrornebius incertus (Ingrisch, 1998) — Ingrisch, 1998: 232 [one of the females (not a type) erroneous described under Derectaotus incertus] Cycloptiloides sp. 1 — Ingrisch, 2006: 185 Material examined. Holotype, male (SDK.19.20), EAST MALAYSIA, Sabah, Sandakan, Sepilok, Rainforest Discovery Centre, N5.87580, E117.94299, 39.1± 5.4 m.a.s.l., leaf litter, 9 January 2019, 1911h, coll. M. K. Tan, R. Japir, M. Binti, J. L. Yukang (FRC). Paratypes, 2 females: 1 female (SDK.19.19), same locality, N5.87356, E117.94172, 49.1± 5.2 m.a.s.l., leaf litter, 9 January 2019, 1105h, coll. M. K. Tan, R. Japir, M. Binti, J. L. Yukang; 1 female (SDK.19.35), same locality, N5.87553, E117.94116, 33.4± 4.9 m.a.s.l., 9 January 2019, 2040h, coll. M. K. Tan, R. Japir, M. Binti, J. L. Yukang (all FRC). Remarks. Ingrisch (2006) described the female of this species as Cycloptiloides sp. 1 without providing a species name. Here, we provide a formal name, assign a male holotype and describe the male. Diagnosis. The male differs from congeners by the supra-anal plate trapezoidal in shape with apical margin broadly rounded, with dark scales and yellow brown setae laterally and shiny pale in the middle (forming two spots). The female differs from congeners by shorter maxillary palps and ovipositor and more transverse supra-anal plate (Ingrisch, 2006). Etymology. The species name refers to the two spots in the middle of the supra-anal plate; bi = two in Latin, maculata = spotted in Latin. Description. Habitus of male as shown in Figs. 2, 3. Dorsum of head flattened (Fig. 3A). Frontal rostrum 1.2 times wider than scapus. Maxillary palps with apical (= fifth) a little longer than subapical (= fourth) and third segments, subapical and third segments subequal lengths; apical segment little widened (Fig. 4A). Pronotum about 1.5 times longer than wide with anterior dorsal margin distinctly concave; lateral margin subparallel in anterior half and faintly widening posteriorly; covering tegmen entirely; posterior margin convex. Fore tibia with internal tympanum large and elongate oval (Fig. 4B); without external tympanum. Hind femur 1.4 times longer than hind tibia; hind tibia 2.1 times longer than hind metatarsus. Male. Supra-anal plate trapezoidal with apical margin broadly rounded, with setae at lateral parts (Figs. 4C, 4D). Subgenital plate trapezoidal, posterior margin slightly convex (Fig. 4F). Epiphallus and phallic complex hyaline (Fig. 4E). Female. Already sufficiently described in Ingrisch (2006). Our female specimens from Sandakan agree with the description. Colouration. General colouration similar to female described in Ingrisch (2006). Male supra-anal plate with dark scales laterally, middle shining pale coloured (forming two spots) (Figs. 4C, 4D). Cercus (both male and females) with brown scales. Measurements (in mm). Holotype BL = 3.9; FRW = 0.27; SW = 0.14; EW = 0.14; PL = 1.9; PW = 1.3; HFL = 2.5; HFW = 0.9; HTL = 1.8; HML = 0.8. Distribution. Borneo (Sabah: Kinabalu, Sandakan)Published as part of Tan, Ming Kai, Japir, Razy, Chung, Arthur Y. C. & Wahab, Rodzay Bin Haji Abdul, 2021, New species and taxonomic notes of scaly crickets (Orthoptera: Mogoplistidae Mogoplistinae) from Borneo, pp. 407-421 in Zootaxa 5048 (3) on page 410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5048.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/555649
The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
Full text linkThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
Annual Khu Yek Chung and Tan Chun Tee memorial awards
No full textThe College of Computer Studies (CCS) held the Annual Khu Yek Chung and Tan Chun Tee Memorial Awards ceremonies for CCS Most Outstanding Teacher and Student. Rhodora Reyes, Software Technology Department faculty was chosen as Most Outstanding Teacher and Hubert Gapuz, Information Technology major as Most Outstanding Student. William Khu was guest of honor
An Integrated Optimization Algorithm for Distributed Parameter Structure Identification in Groundwater Model Simulation
No full text本論文提出一整合型優選演算法應用於地下水模擬模式之參數辨識，其主要貢獻在於針對參數辨識之反向問題求解中最重要的兩項元素―參數化以及調整參數，進行最佳化處理；就參數化來說，本論文應用了三種分區方法―Voronoi diagram (VD)、multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagram (MWVD)、以及 pattern zonation (PZ)，其中並將各分區方法加入內插技巧，進行水力傳導係數空間分佈之描繪應用，而每一種分區方法皆可視為此整合型優選演算法之部份元件。另外，本論文採用模擬退火法(simulated annealing algorithm, SA)以及禁忌演算法(Tabu search, TS)進行模式中參數的最佳化調整與辨識，其中更進一步利用伴隨狀態方法(adjoint state method, ASM)以及不同模擬網格大小之技巧，配合禁忌演算法改善模式參數辨識之效能與效率。論文並提出三個不同的應用，以証明此整合型優選演算法之可行性。首先利用模擬退火法以及Voronoi diagram進行台北盆地地下水侷限含水層參數結構之辨識；接著利用禁忌演算法配合三種不同的分區方法應用於假設案例，驗証其可行性；最後，採用禁忌演算法，配合伴隨狀態方法及不同模擬網格大小技巧，有效率地應用於片段均質以及連續型之水力傳導係數空間分佈之辨識。此外，模式的殘差、參數不確定性、模式結構誤差以及修正型的Akaike Information Criterion等多項指標，皆為本論文應用於模式複雜度之判斷依據，以避免過度參數化之情形發生。結果顯示，不論是模擬退火法、禁忌演算法或是禁忌演算法配合伴隨狀態方法，皆能有效地進行地下水模式之參數辨識。The main contribution of this dissertation is proposing an integrated optimization algorithm for parameter structure identification in groundwater model simulation. The integrated optimization algorithm is applied to parameterization and parameter adjustment which are two essential components of solving inverse problems. As for parameterization, three zonation methods, Voronoi diagram (VD), multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagram (MWVD), and pattern zonation (PZ), combined with the interpolation approach are presented in this dissertation to depict the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity. Each of these methods is able to be selected as a part of the integrated optimization algorithm. The simulated annealing algorithm (SA) and Tabu search (TS) are adopted in this dissertation to adjust the parameters. Moreover, the adjoint state method (ASM) and the coarse-fine grid search technique are allied with TS to enhance the efficiency in parameter adjustment.hree applications are represented in this dissertation to demonstrate the integrated optimization algorithm. First, SA and VD are used to identify the parameter structure of a confined aquifer. TS and three zonation methods are then applied to the parameter identification of hypothetical cases. TS allied with ASM are adopted with the coarse-fine grid search technique to identify both synthetically discrete and continuous hydraulic conductivity distribution efficiently and effectively. Meanwhile, the residual error, parameter uncertainty, structure error, and a modified Akaike Information Criterion values are used to help the determination of the model complexity over these applications. The results indicate that all SA, TS alone, and TS allied with ASM are able to optimize the parameter structure well.Contentsbstract i Introduction and Background 1. Introduction 2.1 Framework 6.2 Scope 6. Background 9.1 Groundwater Flow Equation 9.2 Parameter Identification in Groundwater Model Simulation 11.3 Optimization Algorithm to the Inverse Problem 14 Parameter Structure Identification of Groundwater Modeling in Inverse Problem 17. Methods for Parameter Identification 18.1 Parameterization 18.1.1 Voronoi Diagram 20 .1.2 Multiplicatively Weighted Voronoi Diagram 23.1.3 Pattern Zonation 24 .2 Parameter Structure Identification Criteria 27 3.2.1 Fitting Residual Error 28 3.2.2 Parameter Uncertainty 29 3.2.3 Structure Error 30 3.2.4 Modified Akaike Information Criterion 31. Optimization Algorithm in Inverse Problem 32.1 Simulated Annealing Algorithm 32.2 Tabu Search 37.3 Adjoint State Method 43 Application of Integrated Optimization Algorithm for Distributed Parameter Structure Identification in Groundwater Model Simulation 48. An optimal procedure for identifying parameter structure and application to a confined aquifer 49.1 Numerical Model of the Study Area 52.2 Formulation of the optimal model 54.3 Specification of SA 55.4 Results and discussions 55.5 Comparison with hill-climbing method 61. Applying Zonation Methods and Tabu Search to Improve the Groundwater Modeling 63 6.1 Hypothetical Hydraulic Conductivity Field 62 6.2 Formulation of the Inverse Problem 66 6.3 Specifications of TS 68 6.4 Results and Discussion 69.4.1 Scenario A 70 6.4.2 Scenario B 71 6.4.3 Scenario C 72 6.4.4 Scenario D 72. Integrated Optimization Algorithm for Distributed Parameter Structure Identification in Groundwater Modeling 79 7.1 Hypothetical Aquifer 82 7.2 Formulation of the Optimization Model 83 7.3 Case 1: Discrete Hydraulic Conductivity Zone 84 7.3.1 Specification of TS 86 7.3.2 Parameter Identification Results 86 7.4 Case 2: Continuous Hydraulic Conductivity Distribution 93 7.4.1 Specification of TS 94 7.4.2 Parameter Identification Results 94. Conclusions and Future Research Directions 101. Conclusions and Suggestion 102 8.1 Application to a Confined Aquifer 102 8.2 Application of Zonation Methods and Tabu Search 103 8.3 Integrated Optimization Algorithm for Distributed Parameter Structure Identification 104 8.4 Conclusions and Suggestion 105ibliography 10
Ornebius lupus Tan & Japir & Chung & Wahab & Robillard 2022, sp. nov.
No full textOrnebius lupus Tan, sp. nov. (Figs 1C, 1D, 6, 7) Ornebius sp. — Tan et al. under review [calling songs from Singapore] Specimens examined. Holotype: SINGAPORE • 1♂; Pasir Ris mangrove boardwalk; N1.37805, E103.95147; 19 March 2022, night time; on foliage of mangrove tree; coll. M.K. Tan; ZRC Paratypes: SINGAPORE • 1♂; Pasir Ris mangrove boardwalk; N1.37805, E103.95147; 2 May 2022, night time; on foliage of mangrove tree; coll. M.K. Tan; MNHN-EO-ENSIF11343 Diagnosis. The new species has genitalia which appear most similar to those in the species group Ornebius (rufonigrus) Ingrisch, 1987, but differs by the dark-grey colouration; the maxillary palps being not so elongated (more similar to Ornebius alvarezi Tan, Ingrisch, Baroga-Barbecho & Yap, 2019 from the Philippines; elongated oblong in Ornebius dumoga Ingrisch, 2006 from Sulawesi and in Ornebius consternus Ingrisch, 2006 from Sulawesi), the FW colouration darker (orange in O. dumoga and in Ornebius rufonigrus Ingrisch, 1987 from Indochina and Malay Peninsula) and less covered by the pronotum (compared to O. consternus). The male genitalia of this new species differ from congeners from the species group by the internal sclerites at base being smaller instead of expanded. We also compared the new species with other species currently not placed in any species group (i.e., with unknown male genitalia). Our species resembles species with wholly dark/ black or smoky FWs, such as Ornebius obscuripennis (Chopard, 1930) from Sarawak and Ornebius fuscipennis (Chopard, 1929) from Sumatra (including Padang, Pulau Sipura, Pulau Telo and Batu Islands). The new species differs from O. obscuripennis by the pronotal lateral lobe and lateral parts of the head being dark-grey (i.e., unicolorous with dorsal parts) instead of forming a yellow lateral band. It also differs from O. fuscipennis by much smaller body size (BL 8.4 vs. 10.5 mm; PL 2.8 vs. 4.5 mm; TL 2.5 vs. 2 mm; FIIIL 4.4 vs. 7 mm); by the FW more uniformly coloured instead of smoky with posterior margin blackish; by the apical segment of the maxillary palps longer than subapical and third; by the pronotal disc not covered with yellow-brown scales; and by the legs that are not unicolourous yellowish. Lastly, the new species also differs from a syntopic species, Ornebius tampines Tan & Robillard, 2012 by the overall body and FW colouration, the body shape is more typical of Ornebius, instead of slenderly built, the shape of the male genitalia and by the calling songs (see Tan et al., under review). It is also somewhat similar to a sympatric species, O. pullus by the wholly black FWs, but differs by the lack of white margins along the lateral lobe and the posterior margin of the dorsal disc of the pronotum, by the shape of male genitalia and by the calling songs (see Tan et al., under review) Etymology. The species name refers to the dark-grey colouration, resembling the grey-wolf, Canis lupus. Description. Small species; habitus of male as shown in Fig 1C, 1D. Dorsum of head flattened, covered with dark-grey scales (Figs. 6A). Frontal rostrum 2.0 times wider than scapus (Fig. 6A). Scapus dark-grey (Fig 6A); basal antennal segments black, thereafter brown with some segments black (Figs 6B, 6C). Frons and mouthparts of dark colour (Fig. 6B). Maxillary palps pale grey; with apical (= fifth) segment longer than subapical (= fourth) segment, third segment of subequal length as subapical segment; apical segment pyriform (Fig. 6C). Lateral parts of head, including genae, of dark colour, without bands (Fig. 6C). Pronotal disc brown and wholly covered with dark-grey scales, about 1.3 times longer than wide, with anterior margin narrow and straight; lateral margin widening slightly posteriorly; covering only base of mirror of FW; posterior margin convex (Fig. 6D). Lateral lobe of pronotum also wholly covered with dark-grey scales (Figs 1D, 6C). TI with internal tympanum small and oval; without external tympanum. FIII 1.4–1.5 times longer than TIII; TIII 2.6 times longer than MTaIII. Femora generally pale, covered with marmoration of dark-grey scales except in basal parts. Tibiae and tarsi generally grey. Abdominal tergites covered with dark-grey scales; sternites pale. Abdominal apex darkened. Cercus covered with grey scales. Male. FW mostly infumated black, dorsal field darkest at posterior margin (Fig. 6D); lateral field likewise in some areas with infumated white veins (Fig. 6E). Supra-anal plate with last abdominal tergite and epiproct distinctly separated by a transverse suture. Last abdominal tergite transverse, posterior margin abruptly indented in middle; with oval pale spot in middle (not obvious in dry-pinned specimen) (Fig. 6F vs. 6G); posterior margin on either side of the indentation with two patches of short and strong setae. Supra-anal plate less transverse than last abdominal tergite, black coloured, apex subtruncate (Figs 6F, 6G). Subgenital plate black (Fig. 6H). Paraproct process black, elongate, cylindrical and tapering into a subacute apex (Fig. 6H). Genitalia as in Fig. 7. Central lobe of phallus with lateral valves (lv) elongate, apical area curved slightly ventrad in lateral view; tapering into obtuse apex, in apical area with inner margin curved in dorsal view; both sides together almost forming a dorsally and ventrally open tube. External sclerite (es) well developed, with external part more strongly sclerotized than inner part (in dorsal view). Medial valve (mv) membranous with base widened (in dorsal view) and upcurved (in lateral view). Internal sclerites (is) at base small but widened and curled, afterwards straight and elongate. Female. Unknown. Measurements (2♂, in mm). ♂ Holotype: BL = 8.4; PronL = 2.8; PronW = 2.2; FWL = 2.5; FWW = 2.3; FIIIL = 4.4; TIIIL = 3.1; MaTIIIL = 1.2. ♂ paratype: BL = 8.4; PronL = 2.8; PronW = 2.2; FWL = 2.5; FWW = 2.3; FIIIL = 4.4; TIIIL = 2.9; MaTIIIL = 1.1. Ecology. This species is found among foliage of mangrove trees, occurring in syntopy with another mangrovespecialist, Ornebius tampines. Distribution. SINGAPORE Type locality. SINGAPORE, Pasir Ris mangrove Calling song. Described in Tan et al. (under review). The calling song of this species is similar to that of Ornebius rufonigrus Ingrisch, 1987 from the same species group with regard to echeme duration and dominant frequency, although the new species produces echeme-sequences composed of triple-chirps instead of double-chrips as in O. rufonigrus.Published as part of Tan, Ming Kai, Japir, Razy, Chung, Arthur Y. C., Wahab, Rodzay Bin Haji Abdul & Robillard, Tony, 2022, Taxonomy and bioacoustics of scaly crickets (Orthoptera, Mogoplistidae Mogoplistinae) from Borneo and Singapore, pp. 177-189 in Zootaxa 5213 (2) on pages 185-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/735437
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