48 research outputs found
The story of Prosenjit Poddar
No full textThe concept of "Tarasoff duty" is familiar to mental health professionals. Entwined with the name of Tarasoff, is that of Prosenjit Poddar, the other important character in the story which led to the courts giving directions for mental health professionals with regard to their duty of warn. Prosenjit Poddar killed Tatiana Tarasoff when his advances toward her were rebuffed. However, the court ruled that the mental health professional who was treating Poddar and was in knowledge of his intentions to harm Tarasoff, did not take adequate measures to warn the potential victim. This led to courts laying statutes for warning the potential victims by mental health professionals when their clients disclose such threats. However, the ruling has been a matter of debate about when to take any threat seriously and how to tread cautiously given the therapist-client privilege. The case of Prosenjit Poddar throws light on complex issues related to balancing confidentiality and potential harm to others
Reply to "Comment on 'Inflation with a graceful exit and entrance driven by Hawking radiation' "
No full textThe Comment [J. T. Firouzjaee, preceding Comment, Phys. Rev. D 89, 068301 (2014)] raises two points in regard to our paper [S. K. Modak and D. Singleton, Phys. Rev. D 86, 123515 (2012)]. The first is that one cannot use the tunneling picture to obtain the temperature and particle production rate in the Friedman-Robertson-Walker space-time. The second comment raised by Firouzjaee is that the Hawking-like radiation model for inflation presented in [Modak and Singleton; S. K. Modak and D. Singleton, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 21, 1242020 (2012)] is inconsistent with the observed scalar and tensor perturbation spectrum. We show that the first comment is beside the point-we do not use the tunneling method in our papers [Modak and Singleton; Modak and Singleton]. The second criticism by Firouzjaee comes from the author evaluating quantities at different times-he evaluates the parameters of our model at the beginning of inflation and then compares this with the scalar and tensor perturbations evaluated at the horizon exit point.From Physical Review D, Vol.89(6), 68302, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.89.068302. Copyright ©2014 by American Physical Society.Publisher version: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.89.06830
Originality for Copyright Protection in Literary Works: After EBC v DB Modak
No full text266-276Originality, can be termed as the grund norm (the basic norm) for copyrightability. However, no one-size-fits-all formula
is adopted by countries on this aspect, and this article first explores the position and benchmarks to determine original
literary work (because even for different ‘works’ the criteria differs). Pursuant to this inquiry of identifying the ambit of the
respective thresholds, the Indian perspective is analysed with special emphasis on the decision delivered by Indian Supreme
Court in DB Modak. The judgement is critiqued to identify lacunae and absurdity in determining the law laid down and its
application in the factual matrix. Finally, subsequent Indian decisions are looked upon by the author to find out the
underlying approach by the courts wrt interpretation of DB Modak and what common threads emerge from them
Effects of citral, a naturally occurring antiadipogenic molecule, on an energy-intense diet model of obesity
No full textObjectives: Retinaldehyde inhibits adipogenesis, increases metabolic
rate, reduces weight gain, and improves tolerance to a glucose load. We
assessed the effects of citral - an inhibitor of retinaldehyde
dehydrogenase (the primary enzyme metabolizing retinaldehyde), on body
weight, glucose tolerance, fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels,
metabolic rate, adipocyte size, and morphology in a diet-induced model
of obesity. Materials and Methods: Out of the 5 groups of 6-week-old
male Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 were maintained on an energy-intense,
palatable, diet for a period of - 42 days, while 1 served as the
control. After obesity had been induced, 3 groups were treated with
daily doses of citral (10, 15, and 20 mg/kg body weight) for a period
of 28 days. They were then subjected to metabolic experiments. Body
weight, fasting plasma glucose, glucose tolerance to an intraperitoneal
glucose load, metabolic rate, and adipocyte size were assessed.
Results: Citral-treated groups showed a dose-dependent reduction in
body weight gain. They significantly had lower fasting glucose levels,
improved glucose tolerance, lower fasting plasma glucose, higher
metabolic rate, and smaller adipocytes after drug administration.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that citral increased energy
dissipation (and also reduced lipid accumulation) consequently
preventing and ameliorating diet-induced obesity. In addition it
improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. In the current
scenario of increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes, citral may
prove as novel agent in its management
Effects of citral, a naturally occurring antiadipogenic molecule, on an energy-intense diet model of obesity
No full textObjectives: Retinaldehyde inhibits adipogenesis, increases metabolic
rate, reduces weight gain, and improves tolerance to a glucose load. We
assessed the effects of citral - an inhibitor of retinaldehyde
dehydrogenase (the primary enzyme metabolizing retinaldehyde), on body
weight, glucose tolerance, fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels,
metabolic rate, adipocyte size, and morphology in a diet-induced model
of obesity. Materials and Methods: Out of the 5 groups of 6-week-old
male Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 were maintained on an energy-intense,
palatable, diet for a period of - 42 days, while 1 served as the
control. After obesity had been induced, 3 groups were treated with
daily doses of citral (10, 15, and 20 mg/kg body weight) for a period
of 28 days. They were then subjected to metabolic experiments. Body
weight, fasting plasma glucose, glucose tolerance to an intraperitoneal
glucose load, metabolic rate, and adipocyte size were assessed.
Results: Citral-treated groups showed a dose-dependent reduction in
body weight gain. They significantly had lower fasting glucose levels,
improved glucose tolerance, lower fasting plasma glucose, higher
metabolic rate, and smaller adipocytes after drug administration.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that citral increased energy
dissipation (and also reduced lipid accumulation) consequently
preventing and ameliorating diet-induced obesity. In addition it
improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. In the current
scenario of increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes, citral may
prove as novel agent in its management
Chlorpromazine as Prophylaxis for Bipolar Disorder with Treatment- and Electroconvulsive Therapy-Refractory Mania: Old Horse, New Trick
No full textA 22-year-old male diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder presented to us with a 3rd episode mania resistant to both olanzapine and haloperidol as well as electroconvulsive therapy. He, however, responded to chlorpromazine (CPZ) which was also effective as a mood stabilizer. The patient had a relapse of his illness when CPZ was stopped and responded again when it was started. The case demonstrates that CPZ may have a role in as both an anti-manic agent and for the maintenance for bipolar disorders. The possible underlying mechanism for this role is also discussed
A Survey of Medication Diffusion and Attitudes Among Indian Clinicians Toward Pharmacotherapies for Alcohol Use Disorder
No full textIntroduction: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. However, uptake of AUD pharmacotherapies among clinicians has remained low. There exists a research gap regarding clinician attitudes and the diffusion of AUD pharmacotherapies among Indian clinicians. We conducted a survey to assess the same. Methods: An online survey was sent to clinicians nationwide from February and April 2023 to assess attitudes and practices regarding various AUD medications. Logistic and ordinal regression models evaluate the clinician and caseload factors determining medication diffusion and attitudes. Results: A total of 387 clinicians responded to our survey. Most of them were males (61.7%) and trained psychiatrists (56.3%). The diffusion for acamprosate, naltrexone, and disulfiram was 69.8%, 81.4%, and 58.2%, respectively. Baclofen had the highest diffusion. Female respondents had significantly lower perceived efficacy, acceptability, and safety for disulfiram. Independent practitioners were more likely to prescribe all pharmacotherapies except baclofen. Discussion: Diffusion for alcohol pharmacotherapies was incomplete. Baclofen had the highest diffusion, probably reflecting its cost and safety profile. Despite its perceived efficacy, safety concerns impacted the diffusion of disulfiram. Female clinicians had lower perceived attitudes toward disulfiram. Specific training for AUD pharmacotherapies is warranted for female clinicians and nonpsychiatrists
Indian Defence problem: Being a plea for saving Rs. 28 crores a year by immediate indianization etc. of British rank and file only a message of hope for the Indian tax-payer: A study for statesmen, publicists, politicians and military experts, both Indian
No full text
Representation and Bracketing in Repeated Games
No full textIn this experimental paper, the author investigates the framing effect of different representations of multiple strategic settings or games on a player’s strategic behavior. Two representations of the same environment are employed, wherein a player engages in two infinitely repeated prisoner’s dilemma games. In the first representation (termed Split), the stage games are shown separately. In contrast, the second representation (termed Linked) displays a combined stage game. The choice bracketing, distinguishing between Narrow and Broad bracketing, is considered a potential cause behind any disparity in behavior between the two representations. The Split representation does not necessitate broad bracketing, whereas the Linked representation compels it. Each type of bracketing has its own equilibrium implications. The author employs both a between-subject design (Study 1), where each subject observes only one representation, and a within-subject design (Study 2), where each subject is shown both the Linked and Split representations. In Study 1, significant differences in average behavior between the two representations are observed for both symmetric and asymmetric payoffs, albeit only after conditioning for session fixed effects. Study 2 reveals a more prominent effect of representation, and a sequence effect is observed, wherein the tendency to defect in both games is higher in the Linked representation if administered after the Split representation. In Study 2, for individuals who cannot be categorized as broad bracketers, the effect of seeing the Linked representation instead of the Split representation is economically significant. It increases the probability of choosing to cooperate in both games by more than 20% and decreases the probability to defect in both games by more than 25%
