55 research outputs found
Tracing Milin's development of inductive reasoning: a case study
No full textThis study examined how Milin, a nine-year old student, justified his solutions to towers of a variety of heights over a 13 month period. Specifically, it sought to identify heuristics, strategies, and forms of reasoning and argumentation used by Milin in building and supporting his reasoning by partial cases, cases, and then an inductive argument. The research also traced how Milin's ideas traveled to other students. Videotape recordings of Milin's work on towers task and its extensions were analyzed along with his written work, written assessments and the researcher's field notes. The video data consisted of two problem-solving sessions, three individual task-based interviews, a small group assessment, and a whole class discussion. As Milin searched for and sought to justify a global solution for the towers problem, he constructed mathematical ideas by continuously evolving the heuristics and strategies employed. He started by making random towers using a "guess and check" method, where he would randomly create a tower and then compared it with existing towers to identify duplicates. He then proceeded to use local organization strategies to create pairs of towers. This included opposites by color, opposites by inverting and a hybrid strategy. Later, Milin moved towards more refined local organizations such as staircase patterns. When these schemes also proved inadequate to justify a complete solution, Milin developed a family strategy, based on a doubling pattern he had uncovered. This strategy gave him a global organization method. The progression to the global solution was an iterative process in which Milin revisited earlier strategies. Milin also used various forms of reasoning to account for all towers. These included amount of time elapsed between building towers, the concept of "partner" towers, justification by contradiction, cases, doubling rule, and the family strategy. Milin shared his inductive argument with three other students during a small group assessment session. Almost one year later, he re-explained his inductive argument to his partner, Michelle, while working on another task. In turn she shared this argument with other class mates, culminating with one student presenting it to the entire class. The students appeared to understand and retain Milin's strategy better when involved in solving the problem themselves. This case study contributes the body of research in several ways. It documents strategies used by young students to build models of reasoning and argumentation. It also provides support for Davis and Maher's idea that building understanding is not a linear process in that new ideas are built from previous ideas. Finally, this study contributes to the broader collection of case studies from the longitudinal study at Rutgers University.Ed.D.Includes abstractIncludes bibliographical referencesby Manjit Kaur Sra
Forensic Dental Age Estimation of North Indian Children Using Three Radiological Scoring Methods
No full textAlthough believed to be reliable in children, dental age estimations have reportedly shown variations in their accuracy levels, indicating regional differences. The present paper aims to study the error threshold of the Nolla, Demirjian and Willems methods for age estimation of North Indian children.
Digital orthopantomograms of 168 children aged 3-15 years were analyzed for the three methods. Demirjian dental age was found to be closest to the mean chronological age, as indicated by the p-value of paired t-test. The error range for the Willems and Demirijian methods was ±5 years with 87.5% of cases showing error within the range of ±2 years, and it was ±6 years with 84.5% of cases showing error within ±2 years using the Nolla method. The mean absolute error for the Nolla, Demirjian and Willems methods was 1.09, 1.10 and 0.97 years, respectively.
The Willems method was better suited for dental age estimation of the studied population, though none of the methods precisely estimated the age of the participants. Wide variations in age estimates of varied population groups may be due to differences in statistical methods or genetic factors. Thus, comparison of the methods for different populations by the same researcher is suggested to reduce certain biasness (statistical methodology) in the study
Essays on Online Gaming Communities
No full textThis dissertation investigates key issues related to online gaming communities. Across three essays, the author explores the effects of three factors―(1) social connection, (2) demarketing, and (3) game design―on game users’ behaviors. The findings from the studies provide implications for theory, along with practical implications for game developers and policy makers.
In the first essay, the author examines the effect of social interactions on gamers’ in-game purchases of two different types of products, functional and social utility products. The author uses a unique and large scale dataset from an online game―that consists of users’ detailed gaming activities, their social connections and their in-game purchases of functional and social utility products―to examine the impact of gamers’ networks on their purchase behavior. The current analysis reveals evidence of “social dollars,” whereby social interaction between gamers in the community increases purchase of both functional and social utility products.
In the second essay, the author examines the effects on user behavior of two demarketing policy changes with regard to online and mobile games in South Korea: (1) lowering the maximum limit on online item purchases, and (2) restrictively allowing the use of real money to purchase items in mobile gaming apps. The author finds that lowering the maximum limit on online item purchases decreases the number of online gamers, and that allowing item purchases with real money in mobile games increases the number of mobile game players. The author finds that there are positive cross-channel spillover effects.
In the third essay, the author examines the goal gradient effects on behaviors related to attaining the goal (i.e., a game level) and purchasing virtual products in an online game. The author
provides empirical evidence that achieving game levels serve as goals. The author finds that users’ efforts related to reaching a new level increases as they become closer to the new level. However, their efforts suddenly decrease right after attaining it. The author finds that while users are less likely to purchase both goal-relevant and goal-irreverent virtual items right before achieving the new level, they purchase more virtual items once they reach the goal
Application of Natural Antioxidants in Animal Foods
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Effect of Antioxidants on Quality Characteristics of Shelf Stable Egg based Ready to Eat Product (Egg crunchy bites)
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Orthodontic and prosthodontic management of an adult patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate
No full textCleft lip and palate is a common congenital malformation. Individuals born with this type of deformity, face number of challenges such as facial esthetics, hearing impairment, anatomical deformities to name a few. These patients require various treatments involving a multidisciplinary team such as prosthodontists, orthodontists, cosmetic dentists and surgeons. This report describes a case of orthodontic and prosthetic rehabitilation of an adult patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate
Leadership succession planning in three Christian secondary schools in Singapore
No full textThis thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field
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