2 research outputs found
Prediction of preterm labor using ultrasound measurement of cervical length at 11 to 14 weeks and 18 to 20 weeks
No full textBackground: Preterm birth (PTB) is the most important problems that pose dilemmas for both the obstetrician and neonatologist, as it is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality around the world. Routine cervical length screening during early pregnancy can predict PTB. Objectives were to predict the PTB with the use of ultrasonographic cervical length measurement at 11-14 weeks and 18-20 weeks of gestation.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from 1st March 2024 till 31st March 2024 at department of obstetrics and gynaecology pacific institute of medical science Udaipur. Total 100 cases selected which are routinely advised for ultrasound during antenatal checkup at 11-14 weeks and 18-20 weeks. In this study all the analysis was performed using 10.0 version of statistical software SPSS.
Results: In this study most women (49.0%) belonged to the age group of 26-30 years. 78.0% of women had term births and 22.0% of women had PTBs. It was observed that 12 women had cervical length <25 mm at 18-20 weeks and 83% of them had PTBs while 16.6% had term birth.
Conclusions: Ultrasound measurement of cervical length in early pregnancy is a reliable and cost-effective method for screening of PTB. We observed that women with shorter cervix early on in pregnancy had a greater number of PTB s as compared to women with normal length of cervix
Design, construction, and control of a 3d printed Diwheel prototype
No full textThis project extends beyond the successful realization of a 3D-printed Diwheel prototype by meticulously guiding the process from concept to completion. The initial
stages involved a thorough review of existing Diwheel designs and the application of
modular 3D printing techniques, culminating in the creation of a fully functional prototype. By employing advanced system identification methods, a dynamic model was developed to accurately represent the behavior of the Diwheel. This model enabled the implementation of control strategies, ensuring stable and responsive operation across various conditions, demonstrating the effectiveness of the design and
control techniques.1 Introduction 2
1.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Justification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.1 General objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.2 Specific objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 State of the art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.5 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 Design and construction of a 3D printed Diwheel 10
2.1 Preliminary design of the 3D printed Diwheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2 GearBox preliminary design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3 Optimization of 3D printing parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3 System Identification of a 3D Printed Diwheel 17
3.1 Least Squares Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2 Least Squares Algorithm Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2.1 Chassis Angle Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2.2 Wheel Translation Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4 Analysis and Control of a 3D Printed Diwheel 22
4.1 Basic control actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.1.1 Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) Control Action . . 22
4.2 Control System Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.2.1 Chassis Angle Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.2.2 Wheel Translation Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5 Conclusions and Final Remarks 26
vi
vii Contents
A Explanation of the Arduino Code for Diwheel Control 27
A.1 Input and Output Pin Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
A.2 Global Variables for Encoder and Motor Control . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
A.3 Motor Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
A.4 Gyroscope Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
A.5 PID Control for Gyroscope and Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
A.6 Encoder Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
A.7 Bluetooth Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
A.8 Basic Movement Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
A.9 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
B Arduino Connection 32PregradoIngeniero(a) Electricist
