47 research outputs found
Heat Shock Protein 70 and Heat Tolerance in Early-Age Feed Restricted Broiler Chickens
No full textThe objectives of this study are to evaluate the effect of various degree
of neonatal feed restrictions on heat tolerance later in life, the importance of
heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) in eliciting thermotolerance in broilers and the
relationship between heat stress and occurrence of programmed cell death
(apoptosis). Broiler chicks that were subjected to 80% feed restriction (F80).
60% feed restriction (F60) and 40% feed restriction (F40) or ad libitum feeding
from 4 to 6 days of age were exposed to high ambient temperatures (38±1·C)
for 2hr/day from 35 to 42 days of age. Short term feed restriction during the first week of life caused retardation
of growth. Although feed restriction reduced initial growth, birds grew more
rapidly than those fed ad libitum (AL) during refeeding. One day following the
imposition of feed limitation, higher levels of HSP 70 expression in the brain
tissues and increased helerophil/lympocyte (H/L) ratios were noted among
F60 and F40 birds.
Birds subjected to fasting early in life (F60) improved HSP 70
expression, growth, survivability, and reduced H/L ratios compared to those
fed AL and FBO in response to the heat treatment. The survivabile rate and
H/L ratios of F40 chicks were similar to those attained by other feeding
regimens (AL and FBO). Irrespective of feeding regimen, heat stress resulted
in an increase in serum glucose level and appearance of programmed cell
death (apoplosis) in the thymus glands. These resuHs suggest that neonatal
fasling evokes heat tolerance laler in life through enhanced expression of
HSP 70. Exposing birds to feed reslriction of either lower (FBO) or higher (F40)
severity do not to have profound influence on subsequent resistance to heat
stress later in life
Structural changes of hippocampi and expression of HSP70, C-FOS and dream proteins in the spinal cord after acute thermal stimulus or early stress-experienced rats
No full textKajian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesan stres haba akut pada ekspresi protein HSP70, c-Fos and DREAM dalam usaha memahami mekanisma stres di peringkat neonat dan kesan pada kehidupan berikutnya. Fasa pertama kajian menilai ujian berenang secara paksa (FST) sebagai model induksi stres sederhana pada tikus neonat. FST dilakukan pada umur 7, 8 dan 9 hari selepas kelahiran. Kesemua tikus neonat hidup dan berada dalam keadaan sihat selepas FST. Berat badan mereka menurun pada hari ke 14 hingga 42 dan meningkat semula dan menyamai kumpulan kawalan pada hari ke 49 dan seterusnya. Nisbah sel neutrofil dan limfosit meningkat secara signifikan pada kumpulan FST berbanding dengan kumpulan kawalan. Skor BrdU menurun pada kumpulan FST berbanding tikus kawalan membuktikan berlakunya neurogenesis.
This current study was to explore the effect of acute thermal stress on the expression of HSP70, c-Fos and DREAM proteins in an attempt to understand the mechanisms of neonatal stress and the effect on stress later in life. Phase one of this study evaluated forced swimming test (FST) as a model for induction of moderate stress in neonatal rats. Forced swimming test was applied to neonatal rats on days 7, 8 and 9 of life. All the pups survived and remained healthy after FST. From day 14 to day 42, the FST group had significantly lower body weights when compared to the control group. Their body weights were back to control levels on day 49 onwards. Forced swimming test significantly increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios in the stress group compared to controls
Beneficial role of vitexin in Parkinsons disease
No full textToday, Parkinsons disease (PD) is the foremost neurological disorder all across the globe. In the quest for a novel therapeutic agent for PD with a multimodal mechanism of action and relatively better safety profile, natural flavonoids are now receiving greater attention as a potential source of neuroprotection. Vitexin have been shown to exhibit diverse biological benefits in various disease conditions, including PD. It exerts its anti-oxidative property in PD patients by either directly scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) or by upregulating the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Also, vitexin activates the ERK1/1 and phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase/ Akt (PI3K/Akt) pro-survival signalling pathway, which upregulates the release of anti-apoptotic proteins and downregulates the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins. It could be antagonistic to protein misfolding and aggregation. Studies have shown that it can also act as an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) enzyme, thereby increasing striatal dopamine levels, and hence, restoring the behavioural deficit in experimental PD models. Such promising pharmacological potential of vitexin could be a game-changer in devising novel therapeutic strategies against PD. This review discusses the chemistry, properties, sources, bioavailability and safety profile of vitexin. The possible molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective action of vitexin in the pathogenesis of PD alongside its therapeutic potential is also discussed
MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease: a promising direction for therapeutic strategies
No full textAmong the popular animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) commonly used in research are those that employ neurotoxins, especially 1-methyl- 4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). This neurotoxin exerts it neurotoxicity by causing a barrage of insults, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptosis, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and formation of inclusion bodies acting singly and in concert, ultimately leading to dopaminergic neuronal damage in the substantia nigra pars compacta and striatum. The selective neurotoxicity induced by MPTP in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons of the mouse brain has led to new perspectives on PD. For decades, the MPTP-induced mouse model of PD has been the gold standard in PD research even though it does not fully recapitulate PD symptomatology, but it does have the advantages of simplicity, practicability, affordability, and fewer ethical considerations and greater clinical correlation than those of other toxin models of PD. The model has rejuvenated PD research and opened new frontiers in the quest for more novel therapeutic and adjuvant agents for PD. Hence, this review summarizes the role of MPTP in producing Parkinson-like symptoms in mice and the experimental role of the MPTP-induced mouse model. We discussed recent developments of more promising PD therapeutics to enrich our existing knowledge about this neurotoxin using this model
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) induce neurogenesis and improve cognitive performances of male Sprague Dawley rats
No full textNeurogenesis is influenced by various external factors such as enriched environments. Some researchers had postulated that neurogenesis has contributed to the hippocampal learning and memory. This project was designed to observe the effect of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) in cognitive performance that influenced by the neurogenesis. Different doses of ∆9-THC were used for observing the neurogenesis mechanism occurs in the hippocampus of rats. The brains were stained with antibodies, namely BrdU, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin, doublecortin (DCX) and class III β-tubulin (TuJ-1). The cognitive test was used novel-object discrimination test (NOD) while the proteins involved, DCX and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), were measured. Throughout this study, ∆9-THC enhanced the markers involved in all stages of neurogenesis mechanism. Simultaneously, the cognitive behaviour of rat also showed improvement in learning and memory functions observed in behavioural test and molecular perspective. Administration of ∆9-THC was observed to enhance the neurogenesis in the brain, especially in hippocampus thus improved the cognitive function of rats
Antioxidant properties of crude extract, partition extract, and fermented medium of Dendrobium sabin flower
No full textAntioxidant properties of crude extract, partition extract, and fermented medium from Dendrobium sabin (DS) flower were investigated. The oven-dried DS flower was extracted using 100% methanol (w/v), 100% ethanol (w/v), and 100% water (w/v). The 100% methanolic crude extract showed the highest total phenolic content (40.33 ± mg GAE/g extract) and the best antioxidant properties as shown by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. A correlation relationship between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content showed that phenolic compounds were the dominant antioxidant components in this flower extract. The microbial fermentation on DS flower medium showed a potential in increasing the phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity. The TPC of final fermented medium showed approximately 18% increment, while the DPPH of fermented medium increased significantly to approximately 80% at the end of the fermentation. Dendrobium sabin (DS) flower showed very good potential properties of antioxidant in crude extract and partition extract as well as better antioxidant activity in the flower fermented medium
Daylength effects on stress and fear responses in broiler chickens
No full textHeterophil (H) to lymphocyte (L) ratios and durations of tonic immobility (TI) were measured to assess stress and fear responses, respectively, in broiler chickens provided either 12 h of natural lighting (12L) or 12 h natural lighting and 12 h of supplementary lighting (24L). Birds illuminated 24L had greater H/L ratios and TI durations than their 12L counterparts. Neither age, sex nor cage level had significant effect on TI reactions
Variations of the femoral artery position in relation to femoral vein and mid-inguinal point: a cadaveric study
No full textIntroduction: Femoral artery is one of the major arteries in human body. It is more preference for catheterization in some medical procedures. This study was designed to identify anatomical variations of the femoral artery position, in relation to femoral vein and mid-inguinal point of human cadavers. Methods: Dissection was performed on 22 cadavers. The associations were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact test and correlation test. Results: There was superolateral positioning detected. Distal traversing was only observed on the left thigh. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant association of distance from anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to femoral artery between the right and left thigh. However, there was no significant association of distance from mid-inguinal point (MIP) to femoral artery between the right and left thigh, position of femoral artery to MIP between the right and left thigh and distance of traversing point between the right and left thigh. Conclusion: This study showed that distance from ASIS to mid-point of femoral artery was significantly associated with the left-right sided of cadavers, while distance from MIP to femoral artery, position of femoral artery to MIP and distance of traversing point were not significantly associated with the left-right sided of cadavers. These informations may help in diagnostic cardiac catheterization procedures and coronary interventions. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences (2023) 19(SUPP12): 1-6
Preliminary Study on Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC): Hemispheric Lateralization with Behavioural Changes
No full textThis study is designed inspired by the fact that there is an interhemisphere asymmetry of the brain region. A lot of researches studied in demonstrating the differences between right and left hemispheres of the brain. The objective of this preliminary study is to observe scientifically the effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) on the hemispheric lateralization with behavioural changes. Two regions of brain are selected, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Behavioural tests, namely heat stress test and novel-object discrimination test (NOD), were done on day seven. The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex regions of the brain were preceded to Western Blot technique in detecting c-fos. As for behavioural tests, heat stress and NOD and c-fos on hippocampus did not show significant differences. Meanwhile, the prefrontal cortex shows significant difference with p < 0.01. With these findings, reasonable dosages of ∆9-THC should be used to have statistically significant differences effects on behavioural tests. 
