2 research outputs found
Unequal access: sexual and reproductive health services among agrarian and pastoralist adolescents in Ethiopia
No full textAbstract Introduction Adolescents worldwide face significant sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges, including unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and sexually transmitted infections. While many studies have focused on SRH service utilization in urban and well-served communities, evidence from underserved regions remains limited. This study presents findings on SRH service utilization among adolescents in remote rural and pastoralist communities of southern Ethiopia. Method We collected data from 493 adolescents, equally representing agrarian and pastoralist communities, between May and June 2023. Participants provided insights into their knowledge, acceptance, organizational and cultural influences, and SRH service utilization history. The data was entered using EpiData 4.6 and analyzed with SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize key characteristics, while bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses identified determinants of adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) utilization. Results were reported as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess statistical significance. Results Nearly three-quarters of adolescents (369, 74.8%) reported that ASRH services were not accepted in their communities, with rejection rates higher among pastoralist communities. Nonetheless, slightly more than a quarter of adolescents utilized SRH services (27.4%, 95% CI: 26.9–27.8). A significant disparity in utilization was observed between agrarian and pastoralist communities, with 36% (95% CI: 35.5–36.5) utilization among agrarian compared to 18.7% (95% CI: 18.3–19.1) in pastoralist adolescents. Key determinants of ASRH service utilization included education level, as uneducated adolescents were significantly less likely to access services (AOR = 0.187, 95% CI: 0.065–0.536). Positive predictors of ASRH utilization included parental encouragement (AOR = 2.817, 95% CI: 1.120–7.089) and proximity to services (AOR = 3.645, 95% CI: 1.423–9.337). In a separate analysis of agrarian adolescents, those uneducated were 85.5% less likely to use ASRH services compared to their educated peers (AOR = 0.145, 95% CI: 0.045, 0.465). Among pastoralist adolescents, discussing SRH with parents increased the likelihood of ASRH service use by 3.7 times (AOR = 3.729, 95% CI: 1.315, 10.574), and living within 30 min of a health facility increased the likelihood by nearly 6 times (AOR = 5.913, 95% CI: 2.419, 14.451). Conclusion ASRH service utilization is notably low among agrarian and pastoralist communities compared to urban and semi-urban settings, pastoralists being more underserved. Promoting parental involvement, establishing SRH centers in schools and health institutions, and expanding access through mobile services for pastoralist communities are essential. Strengthened efforts by the health sector and stakeholders are critical to addressing gaps and ensuring equitable service availability
ISIS : obecna sytuacja
No full textThe aim of the following paper is to discuss a present situation of ISIS, in a post-caliphate period. By analyzing
group’s activity in the Middle East and Sahel, the author tries to answer the question whether it has already been dead
or not. The study employed qualitative research tools. The findings are derived from the critical literature and online
sources (reports, statistics) review, and, also, from the author’s research in the form of in-depth interviews (anonymous
and not anonymous) conducted around the world with military and non-military experts from governmental and nongovernmental institutions. Maybe to a lesser extent, but ISIS has been still active in the Middle East, especially in such
regions as Iraq and Syria. As for the African continent, it has been developing there by recruiting more and more people
and conducting terrorist attacks on a great scale. In conclusion, contrary to popular belief, ISIS has not died; but, as many
sources prove, it has just moved to Africa. Together with other jihadi terrorist organisations, it is not only thriving on the
African continent, but most of all, it is completely destabilizing some areas there, still being able to reach other parts of
the world.Celem poniższego artykułu jest opis obecnej sytuacji ISIS, po utracie kalifatu, poprzez analizę jego aktywności
na Bliskim Wschodzie oraz w Afryce subsaharyjskiej (Sahelu). Autor postara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie czy ISIS
rzeczywiście zostało pokonane. Badania przeprowadzono głównie za pomocą jakościowych narzędzi badawczych.
Mianowicie, autor korzysta z dogłębnego przeglądu i analizy literatury oraz źródeł internetowych (raporty, statystyki,
dokumenty rządowe, artykuły). Kolejnym istotnym źródłem informacji, są autorskie badania w formie dogłębnych
wywiadów eksperckich przeprowadzonych w kilku różnych państwach w kluczowych dla autora instytucjach, w kręgach
cywilnych oraz wojskowych. Wnioski z badań doprowadziły do konkluzji, iż być może w mniejszym stopniu, lecz ISIS bez
wątpienia nadal pozostaje aktywną komórką terrorystyczną na Bliskim Wschodzie, np. w Iraku lub Syrii. Natomiast jeśli
chodzi o Afrykę, ISIS rozwija tam swą strukturę, ciągle przeprowadzając ataki, gównie w północno-zachodnich państwach
Sahelu. Podsumowując, w przeciwieństwie do powszechnej opinii, ISIS nie zostało pokonane, ale jak dowodzi wiele źródeł
– po prostu przeniosło większość swej terrorystycznej aktywności do Afryki. Stamtąd, wspólnie z innymi dżihadystycznymi
grupami, nie tylko destabilizuje subsaharyjską część kontynentu, ale również kwitnie, rozwija się oraz jest w stanie
dosięgnąć także inne części świata
