24 research outputs found
Primary health care in practice: usual source of care and health system performance across 14 countries
No full textPrimary health care (PHC) is central to attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals, yet comparable cross-country data on key aspects of primary care have not been widely available. This study analysed data from the People´s Voice Survey, which was conducted in 2022 and 2023 in 14 countries. We documented usual source of care across countries and examined associations of usual source of care with core PHC services, quality ratings, and health system confidence. We found that 75% of respondents had a usual source of care, and that 40% of respondents accessed usual care in the public sector at primary level. 44% rated their usual source of care as very good or excellent. Access to PHC-linked screenings and treatments varied widely within and across countries. Having any usual source of care was associated with higher take-up of preventive services, greater access to treatment including mental health services, and greater health system endorsement. Strengthening links between health system users and primary care providers could improve take-up of preventive care and increase user satisfaction with health system performance.Fil: Croke, Kevin. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Moshabela, Mosa. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Kapoor, Neena R.. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Doubova, Svetlana V.. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Garcia Elorrio, Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: HaileMariam, Damen. Addis Ababa University; EtiopíaFil: Lewis, Todd P.. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Mfeka Nkabinde, Gloria N.. University of KwaZulu-Natal; SudáfricaFil: Mohan, Sailesh. Deakin University; AustraliaFil: Mugo, Peter. No especifíca;Fil: Nzinga, Jacinta. No especifíca;Fil: Prabhakaran, Dorairaj. No especifíca;Fil: Tadele, Ashenif. Ethiopian Public Health Institute; EtiopíaFil: Wright, Katherine D.. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Kruk, Margaret E.. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados Unido
In vivo antihypertensive and antidyslipidemic effects of the crude extracts and fractions of Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. leaves in rats.
No full textMoringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. is a medicinal plant that has been used in Ethiopian traditional medicine as a remedy for treatment of hypertension and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic effect in fructose induced hypertensive rats.Rats were randomly divided into control and treatment groups (n=6). Treatment groups were given daily extracts (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) orally with fructose. Whereas, positive, negative and normal control groups were received captopril (20 mg/kg/day with fructose), only fructose (66% w/v ad libitum) and distilled water ad libitum for 15 days, respectively. The blood pressure was measured every 5th day using tail cuff blood pressure analyzer, and on the 16th day the blood was sampled to evaluate antihyperlipidemic effect using clinical chemistry analyzer. The study showed that aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts significantly prevented blood pressure increment in a dose dependent manner comparable to that of the standard drug. Similarly, the extracts suppressed increment in lipid profile (cholesterol, glucose and triglycerides) compared with negative control. The biochemical test revealed that extracts produced a rise in liver but no effect on kidney function indicators compared with normal control.These findings revealed that both crude extracts of Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. possess antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic effect
Qualitative laboratory analysis for the detection of conventional drugs in herbal preparations supplied by healers in major towns of Ethiopia
No full textAbstractBackground: There has always been an air of uncertainty whether or not traditional healers, especially those in theurban areas, supplied herbal remedies adulterated with modern drugs.Objectives: This study aims to analyze herbal preparations prescribed by healers against malaria, gonorrhea,tuberculosis, etc. for the presence of conventional drugs, with emphasis on anti-microbial pharmaceutical ingredients.Methods: Patient simulated convenience based survey method was employed to collect samples of remedies suppliedby healers along with other pertinent information on quality of services provided in 60 traditional health careestablishments. Presence or absence of conventional drug ingredients in the collected samples of herbal preparationswas tested using a validated analytical laboratory method.Result: Active pharmaceutical ingredients were detected in 39 or 51% of the 76 samples of traditional remedies tested.The average price that healers charge for herbal preparations adulterated with modern drugs was higher than the fulldose of conventional drugs sold in retail pharmacies. Even the unadulterated preparations were found to be moreexpensive than the latter. Documentation of patient history, diagnostic techniques, dispensing practices of theremedies, etc. as observed in the traditional health service delivery outlets/clinics were generally less satisfactory.Conclusion: Supplying herbal preparations adulterated with modern drugs, particularly with anti-microbial agentsentails a number of untoward effects including increased emergence of resistant pathogenic strains. Sustained effort increating awareness among the communities by health workers and authorities is, therefore, crucial to curb the loomingdanger to public health. While existing legal frameworks may be sufficient to consider punitive measures againstperpetrators of such inappropriate and unauthorized use of anti-microbial agents, new ones that particularly govern theactivities of traditional healers need to be put in place. [Ethiop.J.Health Dev. 2008;22(1):55-62
Traditional medicines sold by vendors in Merkato, Addis Ababa: Aspects of their utilization, trade, and changes between 1973 and 2014
No full textAbstract
Background: Many traditional medicines are sold by vendors in the large Merkato market area in Addis Ababa but little is known about their trade, use, safety and sustainability.
Objectives: This study aimed at obtaining information on traditional medicines sold by vendors and purchased by clients in Merkato, including their utilization, trade, and changes between 1973 and 2014.
Methods: Forty-four vendors and 47 of their customers were interviewed using two questionnaires and a direct observation guide. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by applying a χ2 test. Pharmacists in 2 pharmacies in Merkato were interviewed about the sale of taenicides.
Results: Forty-five plant species and 4 minerals were found to be sold by the vendors for the treatment and prevention of various infectious and non-infectious diseases and magico-religious illnesses. The most common plant products were from Boswellia spp., Commiphora spp. (etan), Echinops kebericho (kabericho), Ruta chalepensis (tena adem), Rosmarinus abyssinicus (yesega metbesha), Ocimum lamifolium (damakase), and Taverniera abyssinica (dingetegna). Comparison with the 1973 study revealed a decline in the number of vendors and mean number of medicines sold per vendor, particularly taenicides. The major general medicines continued to be widely used. The sale of 13 other medicines was reported only in2014. The sanitation and handling of medicines observed engenders undesirable health effects for clients. The information obtained from vendors and clients on the medicines was similar, indicating persisting cultural practices and reliability of the questionnaires.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Further studies are needed in Merkato and other retail outlets to ensure the safety, efficacy and sustainability of traditional medicines and to inform health officials and policy makers of changing health needs and demands for indigenous medicines in the population. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2014;28(2):136-152
Herbal Medicines for the Management of Diabetic Mellitus in Ethiopia and Eretria including their Phytochemical Constituents
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Antibacterial activity of extracts from Myrtus communis L. (Ades) and Dodoneae angustifolia L.F. (Kitkita) using bioautography method
No full textThe increasing prevalence of antibacterial drug resistant organisms in our globe and high prevalence of infectious diseases in developing countries has led to new efforts in the search of bioactive compounds from complex chemical composition of plant extracts. A bioautographic agar overlay assay using Staphylococcus aureous as the indicator organism for the detection of antimicrobial compounds from ten extracts of Myrtus communis L. and Dodoneae angustifolia L was analyzed. Hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, methanol and water solvents are used as extractant and ethyl acetate: methanol: water, chloroform: ethyl acetate: acetic acid and benzene: ethanol: ammonia solvent systems were used to separate the components from all the extract of Myrtus communis L. and Dodoneae angustifolia L. Our results indicated that the extracts of Myrtus communis L.f. and Dodoneae angustifolia L had bioactive constituents responsible for their antibacterial potentials. Water solvents extracted small number of antibacterial compounds from both plants, followed by hexane extractant; while dichloromethane, acetone and methanol extractant shared similarities in bioactive compounds on bioautograms, and extracted the highest number of antibacterial compounds with variety of polarities. Chloroform: ethyl acetate: acetic acid solvent system separated the largest number of biologically active components in all extractants. As a high number of antibacterially active compounds were found in M. communis and D. angustifolia extracts of dichloromethane, acetone and methanol, we recommend assay guided fractionation, isolation and dosage formulation of these antibacterial compounds from these plants for clinical applications. Keywords/phrases: Antibacterial, Bioactive-compound, Bioautography, Dodonaea angustifolia, Myrtus communisEthiop. J. Biol. Sci., 10(1): 57-72, 201
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF TOPICAL FORMULATION CONTAINING EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLATA L. (KRUNFUD) AND MYRITUS COMMUNIS L. (ADES) ESSENTIAL OILS ON SELECTED SKIN DISEASE CAUSING MICROORGANISMS
No full textNo abstract - Available on PD
Low effective coverage of HIV testing and counselling services during antenatal care in Ethiopia: evidence from the demographic and health survey and service provision assessment
No full textIntroduction Prevention of mother-to-child transmission contributes to avert nearly 4000 new HIV infections in 2022. HIV testing and counselling (HTC) during antenatal care (ANC) is an effective strategy to reduce the vertical transmission of HIV. While the utilisation of HTC services in Ethiopia has been explored, there is limited evidence exploring the effective coverage of HTC during ANC. We aimed to assess the quality-adjusted (effective) coverage of HTC during ANC in Ethiopia.Methods We linked the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey and the 2021–2022 Ethiopian Service Provision Assessment (ESPA) surveys to determine the crude coverage and assess the quality of HTC provision. The ESPA service quality framework, which has structural and process-related components, was used. We used a weighted additive approach of 61 indicators (38 structural and 23 process) to estimate the quality of care score. Administrative boundary linkage was used to link the two datasets. The effective coverage was calculated as the product of crude coverage and the quality of care score.Results During ANC contacts/visits, 17.2% (95% CI 16.0 to 18.4) of women received HTC. The effective coverage of HTC during ANC was 10.8 (95% CI 9.8 to 11.8), with substantial disparities among administrative regions, ranging from 1.6% (95% CI 1.3, 2.0) in the Somali region to 55.5% (95% CI 53.5 to 57.5) in Addis Ababa. The overall service quality was 45.2% (95% CI 42.8 to 47.1). Health facilities in Harari (31.4% (95% CI 19.0 to 43.8)), Somali (34.1% (95% CI 26.8 to 41.6)) and Dire Dawa (34.9% (95% CI 24.71 to 45.0)) demonstrated low-quality service provision. Health posts (5.8%, SD=8.4), health facilities located in rural areas (30.6%, SD=27.3) and public health facilities (44.2%, SD=29.4) had low-quality HTC provision.Conclusion Nearly 9 in 10 women did not receive quality HTC during ANC provision. The crude coverage, quality of services provision and effective coverage significantly vary across administrative regions. Afar and Somali regions lagged behind the Addis Ababa and Amhara administrative regions. To effectively mitigate mother-to-child transmission of HIV, policymakers need to prioritise enhancing the quality of care in HTC during ANC and expanding service delivery
Factors Affecting Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination in Ethiopia: Evidence from Risk Perception and Behavioral Response Survey, 2021
No full textThe dataset contains risk perception and behavioral response for COVID-19 for population age 18 years and above in Ethiopia.</p
