177,164 research outputs found
Interaction between teachers and teaching materials : creating a context-based learning environment in a chemistry classroom
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Interaction between teachers and teaching materials : creating a context-based learning environment in a chemistry classroom
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Supporting teachers to transform their classes into a context-based learning environment: inquiry as a context
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Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Teaching and Learning in Context-Based Science Classes: A Dialectical Sociocultural Approach
No full textInternationally, many secondary school students are disengaged in science, finding the content of the curriculum unrelated to their everyday lives. Despite a rapidly changing world, outdated pedagogical approaches still presist in science classrooms where the focus is on the rote learning of conceptual knowledge predominantly. Context-based approaches offer a new way to engage students in science through more meaningful experiences by situating the learning of science in real-world scenarios. This chapter uses a dialectical sociocultural lens to view the teaching and learning in two cases: a year 11 chemistry class and a middle years classroom. The chapter emphasises the importance for teachers to expand their agency and create structures that afford students opportunities for immersion in the real-world field where canonial science can merge with the context
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Full text linkBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
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