1,721,153 research outputs found
Evolution of the tooth enamel microstructure in the earliest proboscideans (Mammalia).
No full textFigure 7. Schmelzmuster mapped on the phylogeny of basal proboscideans and selected other paenungulates; the cladogram is adapted from Tassy (1996) and Gheerbrant et al. (2005a). Enamel microstructures of Elephantiformes and Deinotheriidae are from Remy (1976b), Bertrand (1989), Koenigswald et al. (1993), and Pfretzschner (1994). See text for an explanation of enamel microstructure traits.Published as part of Tabuce, Rodolphe, Delmer, Cyrille & Gheerbrant, Emmanuel, 2007, Evolution of the tooth enamel microstructure in the earliest proboscideans (Mammalia), pp. 611-628 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 (4) on page 622, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00272.x, http://zenodo.org/record/542920
Figure 2 in New eutherian mammals from the Late Cretaceous of Aix-en-Provence Basin, south-eastern France
No full textFigure 2. Lithological logs and biochronological/magnetostratigraphical correlations of the Vitrolles-La Plaine and La Cairanne Highway sections. MAAST., Maastrichtian.Published as part of Tabuce, Rodolphe, Tortosa, Thierry, Vianey-Liaud, Monique, Garcia, Géraldine, Lebrun, Renaud, Godefroit, Pascal, Dutour, Yves, Berton, Sévérine, Valentin, Xavier & Cheylan, Gilles, 2013, New eutherian mammals from the Late Cretaceous of Aix-en-Provence Basin, south-eastern France, pp. 653-672 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 169 (3) on page 656, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12074, http://zenodo.org/record/529065
Batoidea Compagno 1973
No full textSuperorder BATOIDEA Compagno, 1973 <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Besides the undeterminable broken caudal sting of Myliobatiformes (unfigured), only rostral teeth of two fossil sawfishes (Rhinopristiformes) were identified.</p>Published as part of <i>Zouhri, Samir, Gingerich, Philip D., Khalloufi, Bouziane, Bourdon, Estelle, Adnet, Sylvain, Jouve, Stéphane, Elboudali, Najia, Amane, Ayoub, Rage, Jean-Claude & Tabuce, Rodolphe, 2021, Middle Eocene vertebrate fauna from the Aridal Formation, Sabkha of Gueran, southwestern Morocco, pp. 121-150 in Geodiversitas 43 (5)</i> on page 129, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4605963">http://zenodo.org/record/4605963</a>
Pristis Latham 1794
No full textPristis cf. lathami Galeotti, 1837 EXAMINED MATERIAL. — 12 broken rostral teeth. DESCRIPTION AND REMARKS The second sawfish (unfigured here) is a common worldwide sawfish recovered from many Tethyan middle-late Eocene deposits (Cappetta 2012).Published as part of Zouhri, Samir, Gingerich, Philip D., Khalloufi, Bouziane, Bourdon, Estelle, Adnet, Sylvain, Jouve, Stéphane, Elboudali, Najia, Amane, Ayoub, Rage, Jean-Claude & Tabuce, Rodolphe, 2021, Middle Eocene vertebrate fauna from the Aridal Formation, Sabkha of Gueran, southwestern Morocco, pp. 121-150 in Geodiversitas 43 (5) on page 129, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a5, http://zenodo.org/record/460596
Figure 8 in New eutherian mammals from the Late Cretaceous of Aix-en-Provence Basin, south-eastern France
No full textFigure 8. Mistralestes arcensis gen. et sp. nov. from La Cairanne Highway, holotype MHNAix-PV.2008.1.1, right dentary fragment with p5 to m3 and roots of p4. A, lingual; B, labial; C, occlusal (stereoscopic) views; mental foramina are highlighted by black dotted lines; D, p5; E, m1 in occlusal view.Published as part of Tabuce, Rodolphe, Tortosa, Thierry, Vianey-Liaud, Monique, Garcia, Géraldine, Lebrun, Renaud, Godefroit, Pascal, Dutour, Yves, Berton, Sévérine, Valentin, Xavier & Cheylan, Gilles, 2013, New eutherian mammals from the Late Cretaceous of Aix-en-Provence Basin, south-eastern France, pp. 653-672 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 169 (3) on page 664, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12074, http://zenodo.org/record/529065
Phosphatherium escuilliei Gheerbrant, Sudre & Cappetta 1996
No full text<i> <i>PHOSPHATHERIUM</i> ESCUILLIEI</i> <p>In a vertical section of an upper molar, the enamel is 500–900-µm thick. The Schmelzmuster is two-layered, with radial enamel in the outer zone and HSB in the inner one (Fig. 2A). The HSB represent more than 85% of the enamel thickness, and they start immediately at the EDJ. In some areas, HSB reach the OES. HSB start either perpendicular to the EDJ or with a little inclination; the bands can run straight outwards but they are frequently bent. The HSB are of variable width: they vary from three to more than 20 prisms; the bands are generally larger near the EDJ. Bifurcations of HSB occur in the entire thickness of the enamel. A tangential section of an upper molar shows pronounced undulations of the HSB (Fig. 2B). Band bifurcations occur dominantly with the changes of direction of the HSB.</p> <p> At the prism level, <i>Phosphatherium</i> shows the following zonation: a very thin layer (6–23 µm) of prismless enamel in the outermost part (Fig. 1B), thin zones of round prisms near both the OES and EDJ (Fig. 1D), and thick intermediate zones of densely packed basally opened prisms that constitute the typical keyhole pattern (Fig. 1C). In this prism type, which is observed in 60% of the enamel thickness, the prisms are arranged in horizontal rows and in alternating positions. The prisms can be very compressed in the ‘ginkgo-tree-leaf ’ pattern (Kosawa, 1978; Koenigswald & Sander, 1997). In this cross-section pattern, open prism sheaths touch each other and the remaining IPM is incorporated into the ‘tails’ of the prisms (Koenigswald <i>et al</i>., 1993). In inner and outer zones, where prisms sheaths are closed and round, the IPM envelops the prisms; IPM crystallites show the same orientation to the long axis of prisms. The diameter of the prisms varies from 5 to 8 µm.</p>Published as part of <i>Tabuce, Rodolphe, Delmer, Cyrille & Gheerbrant, Emmanuel, 2007, Evolution of the tooth enamel microstructure in the earliest proboscideans (Mammalia), pp. 611-628 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 (4)</i> on page 614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00272.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5429204">http://zenodo.org/record/5429204</a>
Abdounia Cappetta 1980
No full textAbdounia sp. MATERIAL A dozen isolated teeth, figured material includes FSAC Bouj-344. DESCRIPTION AND REMARKS Some rare medium-sized shark teeth (Fig. 4E, F) with low or incipient cusplets correspond to a large unnamed Abdounia species previously observed in the middle to late Eocene of Egypt (included in C. frequens in Case & Cappetta 1990: pl.7, fig. 147; Underwood et al. 2011: fig. 2F). Occasional in MI, this unnamed species becomes common in GE A-C and younger series (Underwood et al. 2011).Published as part of Zouhri, Samir, Gingerich, Philip D., Khalloufi, Bouziane, Bourdon, Estelle, Adnet, Sylvain, Jouve, Stéphane, Elboudali, Najia, Amane, Ayoub, Rage, Jean-Claude & Tabuce, Rodolphe, 2021, Middle Eocene vertebrate fauna from the Aridal Formation, Sabkha of Gueran, southwestern Morocco, pp. 121-150 in Geodiversitas 43 (5) on page 129, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a5, http://zenodo.org/record/460596
Figure 7 in New eutherian mammals from the Late Cretaceous of Aix-en-Provence Basin, south-eastern France
No full textFigure 7. Valentinella vitrollense from Vitrolles-La Plaine. UM-VLP-3, probable right?P3 or?P4; A, occlusal; B, labial stereoviews. UP-VLP-07-04, fragment of a left upper molar; C, occlusal; D, distal stereoviews. Yellow, white, and red dotted lines indicate, respectively, the broken parts of the crown, the slope of the protocone, and the lingual slope of the hypocone on the postcingulum.Published as part of Tabuce, Rodolphe, Tortosa, Thierry, Vianey-Liaud, Monique, Garcia, Géraldine, Lebrun, Renaud, Godefroit, Pascal, Dutour, Yves, Berton, Sévérine, Valentin, Xavier & Cheylan, Gilles, 2013, New eutherian mammals from the Late Cretaceous of Aix-en-Provence Basin, south-eastern France, pp. 653-672 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 169 (3) on page 661, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12074, http://zenodo.org/record/529065
FIG. 24. — Drakonycteris glibzegdouensis Ravel n. gen., n in Origine et radiation initiale des chauves-souris modernes: nouvelles découvertes dans l'Éocène d'Afrique du Nord
No full textFIG. 24. — Drakonycteris glibzegdouensis Ravel n. gen., n. sp. provenant du niveau HGL50 du Glib Zegdou situé dans la région des Gour Lazib en Algérie: A, UM/ HGL50-414, M2 droite en vue occlusale; B, UM/HGL50-415, M1 droite en vue occlusale; C, UM/HGL50-416, P3 droite en vue occlusale; D, UM/HGL50-417, m1/2 gauche en vue occlusale; E, UM/HGL50-418, m3 gauche en vue occlusale; F, UM/HGL50-419, m3 gauche en vue occlusale. Échelle: 1 mm.Published as part of Ravel, Anthony, Adaci, Mohammed, Bensalah, Mustapha, Charruault, Anne-Lise, Essid, El Mabrouk, Ammar, Hayet Khayati, Marzougui, Wissem, Mahboubi, Mohammed, Mebrouk, Fateh, Merzeraud, Gilles, Vianey-Liaud, Monique, Tabuce, Rodolphe & Marivaux, Laurent, 2016, Origine et radiation initiale des chauves-souris modernes: nouvelles découvertes dans l'Éocène d'Afrique du Nord, pp. 355-434 in Geodiversitas 38 (3) on page 401, DOI: 10.5252/g2016n3a3, http://zenodo.org/record/520808
The auditory region of Artiodactyla : phylogenetical and ecological signal
No full textLa mise en évidence par la biologie moléculaire et par les données paléontologiques de l'appartenance des cétacés au groupe des artiodactyles constitue une des avancées majeures de ces 30 dernières années en mammalogie. Il n'y a cependant pas à l'heure actuelle de consensus quant aux relations phylogénétiques basales des artiodactyles fondées sur des caractères morphologiques et l'histoire évolutive du groupe est de fait, ponctuée de nombreux points d'interrogation. Cette thèse explore une source de caractères phylogénétiques prometteuse : la région auditive (os pétreux, bulle auditive, osselets de l'oreille moyenne, oreille interne) à partir notamment des nouvelles perspectives offertes par l'imagerie µCT Scan. Les principaux objectifs de cette thèse sont (1) de déterminer le signal phylogénétique porté par la région auditive chez les artiodactyles afin d’apporter une nouvelle source de caractères aux analyses et (2) d’explorer le signal écologique porté par les différents éléments de cette région sensorielle dédiée à l’audition (oreille externe, moyenne et canal cochléaire du labyrinthe osseux) et à l’équilibrioception (vestibule et canaux semi-circulaires du labyrinthe osseux). La première partie de cette thèse (I) nous emmène au Togo, où de nombreux restes inédits de la région auditive de « baleines à pattes » (Protocetidae Stromer, 1908) ont été récoltés. D’un point de vu anatomique, ces restes fossiles ont permis de documenter et de décrire pour la première fois le stapes, l’incus et le labyrinthe osseux d’un protocète ; des éléments indispensables pour comprendre leur audition. L’analyse morpho-fonctionnelle indique qu’une audition optimale était probablement possible dans l’air et dans l’eau pour ces cétacés semi-aquatiques. De plus, la morphologie de leur cochlée indique que leur capacité auditive était proche de celle de leurs cousins terrestres et que les spécialisations relatives aux capacités auditives remarquables des cétacés modernes (i.e. sensibilité aux infra- ou ultrasons) se sont opérées après la séparation historique entre les mysticètes et les odontocètes.La deuxième partie de ce travail (II) se concentre sur les origines de l’amphibiose au sein des Cetancodonta, à travers l’étude de plusieurs familles fossiles, connues pour leurs liens étroits au milieu aquatique. L’étude de la région auditive des hippopotamoïdes (Anthracotheriidae + Hippopotamidae), révèle que l’adaptation à un mode de vie semi-aquatique est apparue plusieurs fois, de façon convergente, dans son histoire évolutive et semble d’ailleurs indiquer une origine terrestre pour ce groupe. Quant au raoellidé Indohyus, son complexe pétro-tympanique présente une combinaison de caractères suggérant un certain degré d’adaptation au milieu aquatique, mais l’étude fonctionnelle de sa cochlée indique que ce taxon ne pouvait très probablement pas entendre de façon efficace sous l’eau. Pour finir, le dernier point de cette thèse explore également le potentiel phylogénétique de la région auditive à travers une analyse construite sur des caractères morphologiques du pétreux et du labyrinthe osseux à l’échelle des artiodactyles. Pour la première fois, les résultats de notre analyse concordent avec ceux des analyses moléculaires. Parmi les points les plus notables, le clade des Cetancodonta est bien soutenu par la morphologie du pétreux et la position d’Indohyus suggère fortement que les raoellidés sont des cétacés.Ainsi, la région auditive s’avère être un élément essentiel d’un point de vu phylogénétique et morphofonctionnel. En effet, comme nous avons pu le voir tout au long de cette thèse, lorsque la nature complexe et variée de la région auditive est appréhendée dans son ensemble, elle permet d’inférer l’écologie d’un taxon donné et d’en apprendre davantage sur ses relations de parenté. Par conséquent, la région auditive est encore loin d’avoir dit ses derniers mots... et nous n’avons pas encore fini d’en entendre parler.The discovery by both molecular biology and palaeontological data that cetaceans are artiodactyls constitutes one of the major breakthroughs in mammal’s evolutionary history of the past 30 years. However, no consensus has yet been reached regarding the basal relationship within the enlarged Artiodactyla clade and major questions of its evolutionary history remain to be solved. This thesis explores a promising source of phylogenetic characters: the auditory region (petrosal bone, tympanic bulla, middle ear ossicles, inner ear) from the new perspectives offered by µCT Scan imaging.The main objectives of this thesis are (1) to determine the phylogenetic signal carried by the auditory region in artiodactyls in order to provide a new source of characters to the analyses and (2) to explore the ecological signal carried by the different elements of this sensory region dedicated to hearing (outer ear, middle ear and cochlear canal of the bonny labyrinth) and to equilibrioception (vestibule and semicircular canals of the bony labyrinth).The first part of this thesis (I) brings us to Togo, where many fossil remains of the auditory region of ancient “legged whales” (Protocetida Stromer 1908) have been collected. From an anatomical viewpoint, these fossil remains document a nearly complete petrotympanic complex and allowed us to describe for the first time, the stapes, incus and bony labyrinth of a protocetid whale, which are crucial elements to understand their hearing. Morphofunctional analysis indicates that optimal hearing was probably possible both in air and underwater for these semi-aquatic whales. In addition, the morphology of their cochlea indicates that their hearing ability was close to that of their terrestrial kin and that the specializations related to the remarkable hearing abilities of modern cetaceans (i.e. sensitivity to infra- or ultrasound) occurred after the historical separation between mysticetes and odontocetes.The second part of this work (II) focuses on the origins of amphibiosis in Cetancodonta, through the study of several fossil families, known for their potamophilous tendencies. The study of the auditory region of hippopotamoids (Anthracotheriidae + Hippopotamidae) reveals that adaptation to a semi-aquatic lifestyle has emerged several times (i.e. in a convergent way) in its evolutionary history and seems to indicate a terrestrial origin for this group. As for the raoellid Indohyus, its petro-tympanic complex presents a combination of features suggesting some degree of adaptation to the aquatic environment, but the functional study of its cochlea indicates that this taxon probably could not hear efficiently underwater.The last point of this thesis explores the phylogenetic potential of the auditory region through an analysis built upon morphological characters of the petrosal and bony labyrinth at Artiodactyla scale. For the first time, the results of our analysis are consistent with that of molecular analyses. Among the most notable points, the Cetancodonta clade is well supported by the morphology of the petrosal and Indohyus’ position strongly suggests that raoellids are cetaceans.Thus, the auditory region turns out to be an essential element from a phylogenetic and morphofunctional viewpoint. Indeed, as we have seen throughout this thesis, when the complex and multifaceted nature of the auditory region is apprehended as a whole, it allows to infer the ecology of a given taxon and to clarify its phylogenetic relationships. Thus, the auditory region is still far from having said its last words… and we are not done hearing about it yet
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