462 research outputs found
Bone-Eating Worms Spread: Insights into Shallow-Water Osedax (Annelida, Siboglinidae) from Antarctic, Subantarctic, and Mediterranean Waters
No full text0000-0002-7993-1523© 2015 Taboada et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License [4.0], which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The attached file is the published version of the article.NHM Repositor
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Cirratulus (Annelida: Polychaeta) described from a shallow-water whale bone in Antarctica
No full textFIGURE 4. Cirratulus balaenophilus sp. nov. SEM micrographs. A. Thoracic region; B. Detail of anterior region showing the general arrangement of dorsal tentacles and first branchiae; C. Anterior region showing the nuchal organ; D. Detail of the nuchal organ; E. Detail of splayed fibrils in the capillary chaeta from second notopodia. br, branchiae; dT, dorsal tentacle; nuO, nuchal organ; par, parapodia; per, peristomium; pr, prostomium.Published as part of Taboada, Sergi, Doner, Stacy, Blake, James A. & Avila, Conxita, 2012, A new species of Cirratulus (Annelida: Polychaeta) described from a shallow-water whale bone in Antarctica, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 3340 on page 64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21163
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Cirratulus (Annelida: Polychaeta) described from a shallow-water whale bone in Antarctica
No full textFIGURE 3. Cirratulus balaenophilus sp. nov. A. Anterior region dorsal view (holotype; CRBA-9616); B. Anterior region, lateral view (adult paratype; CRBA-9617); C. Posterior region, lateral view (adult paratype; CRBA-9617). br, branchiae; dT, dorsal tentacle; nuO, nuchal organ; par, parapodia; per, peristomium; pr, prostomium.Published as part of Taboada, Sergi, Doner, Stacy, Blake, James A. & Avila, Conxita, 2012, A new species of Cirratulus (Annelida: Polychaeta) described from a shallow-water whale bone in Antarctica, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 3340 on page 63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21163
Invertebrados bentónicos marinos de la Antártida: ecología química, bioactividad y biodiversidad
No full text[spa] Esta tesis cubre diferentes aspectos de los invertebrados marinos bentónicos de la Antártida. Se trata de una tesis multidisciplinar presentada en formato artículos en la que se hacen las siguientes aportaciones: (i) por un lado se hace una revisión de los productos naturales de origen animal y vegetal descritos hasta Mayo de 2007 en las aguas de la Antártida. En dicha revisión se hace especial énfasis en el papel que juegan los productos naturales en el contexto de su ecosistema; (ii) se aportan también datos sobre experimentos de repelencia alimentaria en los que se utilizaron extractos lipofílicos de invertebrados bentónicos de 2 zonas muy poco estudiadas (este del Mar de Weddell e Isla de Bouvet). En dichos experimentos, que se llevaron a cabo utilizando depredadores simpátricos, se ha demostrado que algo más de la mitad de los invertebrados testados poseen defensas químicas que los defienden frente a posibles depredadores. En algunos de estos casos las defensas químicas parecen localizarse en las partes más expuestas/vulnerables de los organismos testados; (iii) uno de los artículos de esta tesis confirma el potencial antitumoral que tienen los invertebrados marinos bentónicos antárticos y sub-antárticos. Se trata del estudio antitumoral más grande que jamás se haya hecho en este área con resultados muy prometedores para phyla como Chordata, Porifera y Cnidaria, entre otros; (iv) por último se describen un total de 4 nuevas especies de anélidos poliquetos de las aguas someras de la Antártida. Dichos organismos pertenecientes a las familias Cirratulidae (1 especie del género Cirratulus), Dorvilleidae (2 especies del género Ophryotrocha) y Siboglinidae (1 especie del género Osedax), fueron descritos a partir de huesos de ballena colocados experimentalmente en las aguas de Isla Decepción (Islas Shetland del Sur). Estos hallazgos confirman la importancia que los huesos de ballena pueden tener en el contexto de las aguas de poca profundidad de la Antártida.[eng] The Thesis entitled “Antarctic marine benthic invertebrates: chemical ecology, bioactivity and biodiversity" covers different aspects related to Antarctic marine benthic invertebrates. This is a multidisciplinar thesis comprising several scientific papers making the following contributions: (i) on the one hand it revises the described Antarctic marine natural products derived from animals and algae up to May 2007. In this revision, special emphasis is given to the role that these natural products play in their ecosystem; (ii) this thesis also provides data from feeding repellent experiments using lipophilic extracts from benthic invertebrates from two poorly known areas (eastern Weddell Sea and Bouvet Island). These experiments, carried out using sympatric predators, showed that more than half of the invertebrates tested possess chemical defenses against possible predators. In some of the cases, these defenses seem to be located in the most exposed/vulnerable parts of the organisms; (iii) one of the papers included in this thesis confirms that marine benthic invertebrates from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters have an interesting antitumoral potential. This work is the largest carried out in the area with very promising results for phyla such as Chordata, Porifera, and Cnidaria, among others; (iv) finally, this thesis comprises the description of 4 new species of annelid polychaetes from the Antarctic waters. These organisms belong to the families Cirratulidae (1 species from the genus Cirratulus), Dorvilleidae (2 species from the genus Ophryotrocha) and Siboglinidae (1 species from the genus Osedax), which were described from whale bones experimentally deployed in Deception Island (South Shetland Islands). These findings confirm the importance that whale bones may have in the Antarctic shallow-waters context
Figure 3 in Polychaete species captured in sediment traps moored in northwestern Mediterranean submarine canyons
No full textFigure 3. Paradoneis hirsuta sp. nov. A, general view. B, dorsal view of the branchiate region. C, dorsal view of mid-region parapodia. D, long capillary chaetae of both rami of parapodia. E, lyrate chaeta of posterior parapodia. F, pygidium, with three cirri and ciliated dorsal rounded organ. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; D, 500 Mm; B, 300 Mm; C and F, 100 Mm; and E, 10 Mm.Published as part of Sardá, Rafael, Gil, João, Taboada, Sergi & Gili, Josep Maria, 2009, Polychaete species captured in sediment traps moored in northwestern Mediterranean submarine canyons, pp. 1-21 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00442.x, http://zenodo.org/record/544599
Figure 5. Pelagobia longicirrata. A, general view. B in Polychaete species captured in sediment traps moored in northwestern Mediterranean submarine canyons
No full textFigure 5. Pelagobia longicirrata. A, general view. B, lateral view of anterior region. C, uniramous group of parapodia showing long dorsal and ventral cirri, and shorter simple chaeta in the anterior region. D, fascicle of heterogomph chaetae showing unidentate tip in the inset. E, pygidium. F, internal jaw. Scale bars: A, 500 Mm; B, 300 Mm; C, 200 Mm; E, 100 Mm; and D, F, 50 Mm (inset D, 3 Mm).Published as part of Sardá, Rafael, Gil, João, Taboada, Sergi & Gili, Josep Maria, 2009, Polychaete species captured in sediment traps moored in northwestern Mediterranean submarine canyons, pp. 1-21 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00442.x, http://zenodo.org/record/544599
Figure 4 in Polychaete species captured in sediment traps moored in northwestern Mediterranean submarine canyons
No full textFigure 4. Ophelina margaleffi sp. nov. A, general view. B, lateral view of anterior region. C, mid-region parapodia showing cirriform branchiae and ciliary bands. D, lateral organ observed in the middle of every parapodial lobe (from left to right dorsoventral orientation). E, hirsute capillary chaetae. F, pygidium with six subequal papillae. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, C, 100 Mm; F, 50 Mm; E, 10 Mm; and D, 5 Mm.Published as part of Sardá, Rafael, Gil, João, Taboada, Sergi & Gili, Josep Maria, 2009, Polychaete species captured in sediment traps moored in northwestern Mediterranean submarine canyons, pp. 1-21 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00442.x, http://zenodo.org/record/544599
Cirratulus Lamarck 1818
No full textGenus <i>Cirratulus</i> Lamarck, 1818 <p> <b>Genus diagnosis (from Blake 1996)</b>. Prostomium wedge-shaped, elongate or blunt, usually with eyes; peristomium with 2–3 annulations. Two or more grooved tentacular filaments arising from a single anterior segment. Branchiae first present from same chaetiger as tentacular filaments, occurring singly, continuing over most of body to posterior end. Parapodial rami well separated. Chaetae including capillaries and acicular spines.</p>Published as part of <i>Taboada, Sergi, Doner, Stacy, Blake, James A. & Avila, Conxita, 2012, A new species of Cirratulus (Annelida: Polychaeta) described from a shallow-water whale bone in Antarctica, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 3340</i> on page 61, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/211639">10.5281/zenodo.211639</a>
Cirratulus balaenophilus Taboada, Doner, Blake & Avila, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textCirratulus balaenophilus sp. nov. Figures 2–4 Material examined. Port Foster, Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica; 62 º 59.33 ' S; 60 º 33.45 ' W, 21 m, associated with a minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) caudal vertebra. Collected by S. Taboada, J. Cristobo, and C. Avila, January 25, 2010. Holotype (CRBA- 9616) and four paratypes (CRBA- 9617; CRBA- 9618; CRBA- 9619; CRBA- 9620) complete and well preserved. Additional material: seven specimens preserved in 10 % formalin and transferred to 70 % ETOH, three used for SEM; 10 specimens preserved in 95 % ETOH. Description. A moderate-sized species; holotype complete, 14 mm long, 0.6 mm wide across both thorax and abdomen, for about 100 chaetigers (Fig. 2 A). Largest paratype complete, 7.2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide across both thorax and abdomen, for about 69 chaetigers (Fig. 2 B). Remaining paratypes all complete juveniles, 2.6–3.6 mm long, 0.2–0.3 mm wide across both thorax and abdomen, with 40–45 chaetigers. Thoracic region not expanded, composed of 11–15 crowded chaetigers, lacking dorsal and ventral grooves. Juveniles with about six crowded thoracic chaetigers. Cross-section of thoracic region rounded both dorsal and ventrally. In life, body light yellow-orange with conspicuous dorsal red blood vessel anteriorly; tentacles pale yellow (Fig. 2 B). After preservation specimens opaque white, lacking all pigmentation; dorsal blood vessel remains visible (Fig. 2 A). Prostomium as wide as long, anteriorly rounded; eyes absent; peristomium longer than wide with three prominent annulations viewed both dorsal and ventrally (Fig. 3 A–B). Pair of circular nuchal organs located posterior and lateral to the mouth, lacking pigmentation (Fig. 3 B, 4 C–D). Dorsal tentacles arising from chaetiger 1, arranged in two groups, each with up to four separate tentacles forming an arc (Fig. 3 A); first branchiae arising just dorsal to notochaete on chaetiger 1 (Fig. 3 A–B, 4 A–B). Second pair of branchiae dorsal to notochaetae on chaetiger 2, in line with first pair; subsequent branchiae close to notochaeta throughout. Branchiae thick in anteriormost chaetigers decreasing in thickness posteriorly. Noto- and neurochaetae arise close together throughout, shifted ventrally in posterior segments. Each podial lobe bearing long simple capillaries lacking serrations; 6–9 capillaries per fascicle anteriorly arranged in two rows; decreasing in posterior region to 2–3 capillaries in single row. Noto- and neurochaetae similar in length throughout, appearing smooth under the light microscope, with splayed fibrils observed in SEM pictures (Fig. 4 E). Thoracic segments with well-developed parapodia (Fig. 3 B, 4 B); reduced to low tori posteriorly. Thoracicabdominal transition indistinct. Abdominal segments slightly less crowded, never moniliform. Posterior end weakly tapered, dorsally rounded and ventrally flattened (Fig 2 C). Pygidium ventral, simple rounded lobe above terminal anus (Fig. 3 C). Methyl Green staining. Methyl Green staining observed only in adults; conspicuous ventral staining of chaetigers 10–20. Remaining chaetigers of first half of body with thin band on posterior half of segment, incomplete ventrally (Fig. 2 C–D). DNA analysis. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence was obtained from the sequencing vouchers (MCZ 106471) and is published on GenBank (JQ048545). The 28 S sequence was also attempted without success. Distribution. Cirratulus balaenophilus sp. nov. is known only from Port Foster, Deception Island, in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Habitat and ecology. As oxygen was depleted from the water in which the bone was kept, the yellowish tentacles of C. balaenophilus sp. nov. were noticed in the galleries of the trabecular bone tissue (Fig. 2 E). These organisms apparently lived inside these natural cavities and did not appear to bore into the bone. This species may live only in fresh whale bones since it did not occur in an older vertebra with no smell of sulphide and with no apparent remaining organic matter that was collected from a similar depth in a nearby area (Fig. 1 C; Sta. 2). It is important to point out that this old bone, presumably dating back to the whaling factory that operated in Whalers Bay in the early 20 th century, hosted other polychaete species that were also found in the experimental fresh bone (ST & CA unpublished data). Thus, we may hypothesize that C. balaenophilus sp. nov. relies on the food supply that the fresh bone provides. No information about reproduction can be inferred from the specimens collected due to lack of ovigerous specimens. Tentacles Area Prostomium Num. Capillaries Color after Species Eyes location Spines Data source Depth range shape Chaetigers remarks preservation (num. pairs) Remarks. The absence of spines, the number and arrangement of the dorsal tentacles, and the lack of eyes characterize Cirratulus balaenophilus sp. nov. Of the six species of Cirratulus occurring in the Southern Ocean and adjacent waters, only C. nuchalis (Ehlers, 1907) and C. parafiliformis Hartmann-Schröder & Rosenfeldt, 1989 are also reported to lack spines (Table 1). C. nuchalis was originally described from the harbor of Auckland, New Zealand, and differs from C. balaenophilus sp. nov. in the prostomial shape (rounded rather than triangular), color in life (purple as opposed to light yellow-orange), the number of chaetigers in adults (375 versus 40–100), and the very long branchiae that is its most characteristic feature. On the other hand, C. parafiliformis was originally described from an area near Deception Island (Admiralty Bay, King George Island), although from deeper waters (133–458 m). That species, as described, differs from C. balaenophilus sp. nov. in prostomial shape (bluntly conical versus triangular), the number of dorsal tentacles (5–6 pairs rather than 3–4), in having capillary chaetae of different sizes, as well as in the color after preservation (dark brown-purple instead of white) (Table 1). As part of a separate study, one of us (JAB) examined 43 paratypes (ZMH- 19622) of C. parafiliformis deposited at the Zoologisches Museum der Universität Hamburg and can confirm that C. parafiliformis is indeed a different species than C. balaenophilus sp. nov. The body of C. parafiliformis is relatively robust; the thoracic region consists of numerous crowded segments; abdominal segments are generally narrow and more elongate, but not moniliform. The body is flesh-colored in alcohol; some specimens have a dusky black pigmentation on the dorsum, sides, and ventrum of the first 5–10 chaetigers. The prostomium is triangular in outline, tapering to a narrow anterior end; eyes are absent. There are three peristomial annulations as in C. balaenophilus sp. nov., but the entire head region is compressed and thicker. Dorsal tentacles occur anterior to chaetiger 1 and number 5–7 in each of two groups. All chaetae are capillaries and are arranged in spreading fascicles with the chaetae of anterior segments long and silky. The pygidium is a simple ring surrounding the anus without appendages. Methyl Green imparts a distinctive “mask” to the head region, with each of the three peristomial annulations staining heavily with a clear dorsal unstained area between the first and second annulations and smaller clear areas laterally; the tip of the prostomium does not stain; anterior chaetigers retain stain intersegmentally mainly on the lateral and ventral surfaces. Regarding the presence or absence of eyes, most species of Cirratulus occurring in shallow waters tend to have eyes (e.g., C. cirratus sensu Hartman, 1966 and C. gilchristi Day, 1961). However, species such as C. balaenophilus sp. nov., C. nuchalis, and C. patagonicus (Kinberg, 1866), also shallow waters dwellers, lack eyes. Etymology. Cirratulus balaenophilus sp. nov. is named after its original collection from a whale bone as well as from having been collected from the area of Whalers Bay in Deception Island. Balaenophilus is a Latin-Greek compound word meaning “liking whales” (balaena = whale, philus = like).Published as part of Taboada, Sergi, Doner, Stacy, Blake, James A. & Avila, Conxita, 2012, A new species of Cirratulus (Annelida: Polychaeta) described from a shallow-water whale bone in Antarctica, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 3340 on pages 61-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21163
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