13 research outputs found
The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy in the Management of Labor Pain and Anxiety: A Systematic Review
No full textBACKGROUND: Aromatherapy as an alternative and complementary medicine is a well-known method for reducing the symptoms of various physiological processes such as labor experience. The aim of this study was to systematically review the currently available evidences evaluating the use of aromatherapy for management of labor pain and anxiety.METHODS: In a systematic review, 5 databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scientific Information Database [SID]) were searched, from database inception up to December 2019. Keywords used included (aromatherapy OR "“essential oil” OR "aroma*") AND (pain OR anxiety) AND (labor OR delivery). Using the Cochrane Collaboration's 'Risk of bias' method; the risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated.RESULTS: A total of 33 studies were verified to meet our inclusion criteria. Most of the included studies were conducted in Iran. Aromatherapy was applied using inhalation, massage, footbath, birthing pool, acupressure, and compress. The most popularly used essential oil in the studies was lavender (13 studies), either as a single essential oil or in a combination with other essential oils. Most of included studies confirmed the positive effect of aromatherapy in reducing labor pain and anxiety.CONCLUSION: The evidences from this study suggest that aromatherapy, as a complementary and alternative modality, can help in relieving maternal anxiety and pain during labor. 
Evaluating the Use of Role-Playing Scenarios on Mood Change and Empathy in Undergraduate Psychiatric Nursing Students
No full textBackground & Objective: The time nursing students have their first interviews with patients who have psychiatric problems they may not be aware of how to communicate with them; because stereotypes and stigma are associated with individuals who have psychiatric diagnosis. The aim of this educational project was to develop and evaluate the use of role-playing scenarios on mood change and empathy in undergraduate psychiatric nursing students.
Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted with 18 undergraduate nursing students during one course of nursing training; and data were collected through Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE) questionnaire and Profile of Mood States (POMS) before and after 9 nurse-patient roles for such communication trainings.
Results: Significant differences in mood and empathy of undergraduate nursing students were not found in pre- and post-role playing phases.
Conclusion: Significantly lower change mood and empathy with role-playing may reflect fear, confusion-bewilderment and concerns. Suggestions are offered as role-playing scenarios performed with more sessions, larger samples and use of other teaching methods such as educational video.
Keywords
Role-playing Empathy Mood Undergraduate nursing student
The effect of aromatherapy by essential oil of orange on anxiety during labor: A randomized clinical trial
No full textBackground: Labor is a stressful situation that may have an adverse impact. Aromatherapy is a method to control anxiety and stress of women. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of aromatherapy using essential oil of orange on women's anxiety during labor.
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 100 women during labor were randomly assigned to two groups: intervention group and control group. The women in the intervention group were exposed to orange essential oil, but the women in the control group were exposed to distilled water. The women's anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger inventory. Moreover, physiological parameters such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiration and pulse rates were assessed in all the women before and 20 min after the intervention. The data were analyzed by Chi-square, Wilcoxon, paired t-test, and Mann–Whitney U test. Data were evaluated with the SPSS 16 program. The significance level of P < 0.05 was considered.
Results: The level of anxiety of women in both intervention (P = 0.03) and control (P = 0.003) groups reduced after the intervention. However, the reduction was more in the intervention group (difference in anxiety scores after the intervention in comparison to before intervention = −3.08) in comparison to the control group (score = −1.14). No significant change was found in the physiological parameters of women in the intervention group after the intervention.
Conclusions: Aromatherapy is a noninvasive and effective method to help women overcome their anxiety during labor. Orange scent can be useful in childbirth units to help women who are experiencing stress in labor
Disruptive Behaviors in an Emergency Department: the Perspective of Physicians and Nurses
No full textIntroduction: Disruptive behaviors cause many problems in the
workplace, especially in the emergency department (ED).This study was conducted to assess the
physician’s and nurse’s perspective toward disruptive behaviors in the emergency department.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 45 physicians and 110 nurses working in the
emergency department of five general hospitals in Bojnurd participated. Data were collected
using a translated, changed, and validated questionnaire (25 item). The collected data were
analyzed by SPSS ver.13 software. Results: Findings showed that physicians gave more
importance to nurse-physician relationships in the ED when compared to nurses’ perspective
(90% vs. 70%). In this study, 81% of physicians and 52% of nurses exhibited disruptive
behaviors. According to the participants these behaviors could result in adverse outcomes,
such as stress (97%), job dissatisfaction and can compromise patient safety (53%), quality of
care (72%), and errors (70%). Conclusion: Disruptive behaviors could have a negative effects
on relationships and collaboration among medical staffs, and on patients’ quality of care as
well. It is essential to provide some practical strategies for prevention of these behaviors
Relationship Between Home Safety and Prevalence of Falls and Fear of Falling Among Elderly People: a Cross-sectional Study
No full textDesigning and Evaluating Patient Education Pamphlets based on Readability Indexes and Comparison with Literacy Levels of Society
No full textBackground: Hundreds of patient education materials i.e. pamphlets are annually published in healthcare systems following their design, correction, and revision. Aim: to design and evaluate patient education pamphlets based on readability indexes and their comparison with literacy level in society. Method: The average literacy level among 500 patients admitted to two training hospitals in Bojnurd (northeastern Iran) was determined in 2014-2015. Afterwards, all patient education pamphlets in both hospitals (n=69) were collected and their readability level was determined. After that, all the pamphlets were re-designed according to the given standards and in line with literacy level in society. The SPSS software (Version 20) was also used to analyze the data. Results: The average level of literacy among 500 patients in both hospitals in the present study was 6.72±4.34 which was placed in grades six and seven in terms of the guide to readability indexes. In line with McLaughlin’s SMOG Readability Formula, the bulk of pamphlets (91.3%) were at college level before corrections and revisions based on the given standards, but 23.2% were at a level lower than grade seven following corrections and revisions. Implications for Practice: Evaluation of patient education pamphlets plays an important role in promoting self-care among patients. Due to the novelty of the present study in Iran, the results of this study can contribute to patient education researchers in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses of patient education materials i.e. pamphlets based on scientific indices as well as their revisions and re-developments
Sexual Desire and Related Factors in Middle-Aged and Elderly Married Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran
No full textBACKGROUND: The sexual desire in the middle-aged and senior women is one of the factors affecting their quality of life and psychological well-being.
AIM: The present study was aimed to assess the sexual desire and related factors among married women aged 50-70 years.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical study, 210 married menopausal women aged 50-70 years were selected by cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic profile questionnaire and Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI), and analysed by SPSS version 22 software using descriptive statistics and independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient tests.
RESULTS: The mean age of women was 59.40 ± 5.93 years, and the mean sexual desire score was 22.66 ± 17.78 (out of 112). There was a significant relationship between sexual desire score and age, educational level, occupation of women and spouses, age of menopause, marital history, number of pregnancies and children, individual health and pain level (P < 0.001). The sexual desire score had a significant association with diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, high cholesterol, chronic pain, gastrointestinal problems, chronic ulcers, bladder and intestinal problems, joint and bone disorders, taking cardiac medications, antihypertensive, anticoagulant, insulin, cholesterol-lowering drugs (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The low sexual desire score and its reduction with age and the presence of various diseases and factors affecting sexual desire highlight the importance of diagnostic screening, family related educational planning and the role of health care providers in the health status of the older adults
The Effects of Utilizing an Innovative Method to Mimic a Prescription, named “Prescomime”, on Medical Students’ Learning and clinical Skills Development in Pharmacology Course
No full textIntroduction: Pharmacology is an extremely practical course and at the same time hard to learn. Utilizing practical and innovative methods facilitates learning of theoretical courses. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effects of an innovative role-based method named “Prescomime” on medical students’ learning and clinical skills development in pharmacology course.
Methods: This single-group post-test study was performed in the first and second semesters of 2012-2013 academic years among medical students in pharmacology course (all students: 22 in the first and 24 in the second semester) in North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. The term Prescomime is derived from the words prescription and mimic and means mimic of a prescription. Participants were divided into two groups. The explorer group asked one of the participants in the same group, as a hypothetical middle class patient (without medical information), about her or his disease to get information about the medication that she or he had consumed in order to find that medication. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in order to evaluate the method. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA and T-test).
Results: The mean scores for the idea of implementation of this method were 4.09±0.05 in the first semester and 4.09±0.09 (out of 5) in the second semester which did not show a significant difference (p=0.9, t=0.19) however, a significant difference (p<0.0001, t=3.48) was found between the mean scores for the method of implementation in the first semester (3.02±0.87) and the second semester (4.05±0.17).
Conclusion: Findings showed that utilizing Prescomime in the form of role playing enhanced students’ motivation, self-confidence, and concentration on practical aspects of the course. Since there is no access to patients in theoretical courses, a combination of this method with theoretical courses might be the best solution to improve learning of pharmacology
The Effect of Self-Management Educational Program on Pain Intensity in Elderly Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
No full textBACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis is one of the chronic diseases that greatly affect the health and life quality of individuals.AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of self-management educational program on the pain intensity of the elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis.METHODS: In a randomised clinical trial, a total of 82 elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received six sessions of self-management group education, while the control group received only the routine care during this period. In both groups, patients’ pain intensity, with a visual analogue scale (VAS), were assessed before, immediately after and eight weeks after the start of the study.RESULTS: The mean pain intensity scores of the intervention and control groups were not significantly different before the intervention (P = 0.9), but after the intervention, the mean pain intensity score in the intervention group (3.61 ± 2.36) was significantly lower than that of the control group (4.93 ± 2.00), (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Implementation of a self-management program for the patients with knee osteoarthritis is useful in reducing their pain intensity and can be used as one of the effective methods for their empowerment.</jats:p
Effect of Inhalation of Aroma of Geranium Essence on Anxiety and Physiological Parameters during First Stage of Labor in Nulliparous Women: a Randomized Clinical Trial
No full textIntroduction: Anxiety increases significantly during labor, especially among nulliparous women. Such anxiety may affect the progress of labor and physiological parameters. The use of essential oils of aromatic plants, or aromatherapy, is a non-invasive procedure that can decrease childbirth anxiety. This study examined the effect of inhalation of the aroma of geranium essential oil on the level of anxiety and physiological parameters of nulliparous women in the first stage of labor. Methods: In study, was carried out on 100 nulliparous women admitted to Bent al-Hoda Hospital in the city of Bojnord in North Khorasan province of Iran during 2012-2013. The women were randomly assigned to two groups of equal size, one experimental group (geranium essential oil) and one control (placebo) group. Anxiety levels were measured using Spielberger’s questionnaire before and after intervention. Physiological parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, pulse rate) were also measured before and after intervention in both groups. Data analysis was conducted using the x2 test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcox on test on SPSS 11.5. Results: The mean anxiety score decreased significantly after inhalation of the aroma of geranium essential oil. There was also a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure.Conclusion: Aroma of essential oil of geraniums can effectively reduce anxiety during labor and can be recommended as a non-invasive anti-anxiety aid during childbirth
