75,047 research outputs found
Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: feasibility in everyday practice?
No full textAbstract: Chemoprevention means the use of agents to prevent delay, or reverse carcinogenesis. This review was designed to critically discuss the most promising agents in colorectal cancer (CRC) chemoprevention. Aspirin is the best studied chemopreventive agent for CRC. Optimal chemoprevention requires long-term use and high dose of aspirin that may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors may also be candidates for chemoprevention. The regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, however, causes adverse effects including gastrointestinal bleeding, and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors may increase the risk of cardiovascular events. In patients with ulcerative colitis 5-aminosalicylates reduce the risk of CRC and dysplasia. Ursodeoxycholic acid can reduce the risk of dysplasia or CRC in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. Current data are insufficient to support the use of hormone replacement therapy to reduce the risk of CRC. Statins may have chemopreventive effects, but further investigation of their overall benefits in preventing CRC is warranted. Antioxidant supplements cannot prevent CRC. The usefulness of selenium, folate, calcium, and vitamin D awaits further evaluation. Chemoprevention cannot yet be accepted as standard medical practice. Use of chemopreventive agents cannot be a substitute for colorectal surveillance
The role of cathepsins and the plasminogen activator/inhibitor system in colorectal cancer
No full textCysteine proteases [Cathepsin B and L (CATB, CATL)] and the serine protease urokinase type plasminogen activator (UPA) with its inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) are thought to play an important part in colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis. To our knowledge, however, cathepsins and plasminogen activator/inhibitor system have not been evaluated in the same study. The authors using the ELISA method, determined the protease antigen concentrations in colorectal cancer tissue and in normal tissue distant from tumour, in 35 patients with colorectal cancer. They also evaluated the relationship that these proteases may have with the major histomorphological parameters and tumour staging. Significantly higher antigen levels were found: 1. in cancerous tissue vs. tumour free tissue (CATB, CATL, UPA, PAI-1); in colorectal cancer with vs. without metastasis (CATB, CATL, UPA, PAI-1); 3. in poorly vs. well differentiated tumours (CATB, UPA, PAI-1); 4. in advanced Dukes' stages (CATB, UPA, PAI-1). The simultaneous activation of cathepsins and plasminogen activator/inhibitor system in colorectal cancer confirms their role in colorectal tumor biology and particularly in the process of invasion and metastasis. Our results suggest the possible prognostic impact of these proteases in colorectal cancer
Expression of tumor suppressor gene p16 in gastric cancer: correlation with type, staging and grading of tumour
No full textLoss of expression of tumor suppressor p16(INK4) protein in human primary gastric cancer is related to the grade of differentiation.
No full textBACKGROUND:
Recent research has revealed a rapid increase in the number of alterations underlying oncogenesis and the proteins which regulate the cell cycle. p16 is a cell cycle regulatory protein acting as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI). Because of its antiproliferative effect, p16 has been suggested to be a tumor suppressor gene. Deletions, mutations and functional inactivation of p16 occur with a frequency second only to p53 in most human malignancies.
AIM:
to evaluate the p16 protein expression in primary gastric cancer in order to understand the possible differences in relation to histotype and grade of tumors.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Immunohistochemical expression of p16 was investigated in matched normal and cancerous tissues from 70 patients with gastric cancer (52 intestinal and 18 diffuse type).
RESULTS:
In non-cancerous gastric tissues the immunostaining of p16 was weak and limited to antral glands. In gastric cancer tissues, the enhanced immunoreactivity of p16 was not significantly different in intestinal and diffuse type of gastric cancer. However, the intensity of immunostaining was inversely related to the grade of differentiation of these tumours.
CONCLUSIONS:
The overexpression of p16 seems to be a common event in the development of both intestinal and diffuse type of gastric cancer and it is likely that it may be driven by features of the neoplastic state. Likewise, the absence of p16 in the lowest grade of differentiation may reflect increased selection pressure and clonal expansion of the cells with a more aggressive phenotype
Loss of expression of tumor suppressor p16(INK4) protein in human primary gastric cancer is related to the grade of differentiation.
No full textBACKGROUND:
Recent research has revealed a rapid increase in the number of alterations underlying oncogenesis and the proteins which regulate the cell cycle. p16 is a cell cycle regulatory protein acting as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI). Because of its antiproliferative effect, p16 has been suggested to be a tumor suppressor gene. Deletions, mutations and functional inactivation of p16 occur with a frequency second only to p53 in most human malignancies.
AIM:
to evaluate the p16 protein expression in primary gastric cancer in order to understand the possible differences in relation to histotype and grade of tumors.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Immunohistochemical expression of p16 was investigated in matched normal and cancerous tissues from 70 patients with gastric cancer (52 intestinal and 18 diffuse type).
RESULTS:
In non-cancerous gastric tissues the immunostaining of p16 was weak and limited to antral glands. In gastric cancer tissues, the enhanced immunoreactivity of p16 was not significantly different in intestinal and diffuse type of gastric cancer. However, the intensity of immunostaining was inversely related to the grade of differentiation of these tumours.
CONCLUSIONS:
The overexpression of p16 seems to be a common event in the development of both intestinal and diffuse type of gastric cancer and it is likely that it may be driven by features of the neoplastic state. Likewise, the absence of p16 in the lowest grade of differentiation may reflect increased selection pressure and clonal expansion of the cells with a more aggressive phenotype
The Benefits of Being Economics Professor A (and not Z)
No full textAlphabetic name ordering on multi-authored academic papers, which is the convention in the economics discipline and various other disciplines, is to the advantage of people whose last name initials are placed early in the alphabet. As it turns out, Professor A, who has been a first author more often than Professor Z, will have published more articles and experienced afaster growth rate over the course of her career as a result of reputation and visibility. Moreover, authors know that name ordering matters and indeed take ordering seriously: Several characteristics of an author group composition determine the decision to deviate from the default alphabetic name order to a significant extent.performance measurement, incentives, economists, name ordering
Prognostic role of cisteine and serin proteases in gastriC cancer
No full textCysteine proteases (cathepsin B and L), the serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor type-1 play an important part in cancer invasion and metastasis. The authors determined the protease concentrations in gastric cancer tissues, using the ELISA method, in patients with gastric cancer. They evaluated the prognostic role of proteases and the relationship that these proteases may have with other histomorphological prognostic parameters such as tumor staging, grading, histotype, Borrmann classification. The Cox survival analysis showed that cathepsin B (p = 0.002), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (p = 0.0001) and the inhibitor type-1 (p = 0.0004) significantly correlated with poor prognosis. The tumor staging, grading, Borrmann classification correlated also significantly with survival time. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator was selected as the single independent variable in the Cox model (p = 0.0001)
Final word on Jersey Dutch
No full textIn this article, William Z. Shetter compares and contrasts the dialects that developed between different Dutch colonies in the New World. He explores in-depth the nuances of Jersey Dutch, and provides theories to explain how Dutch and colonial languages blended. The article is reprinted from American Speech, December 1958, Volum XXXIII, No. 4
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator in gastric cancer: tissue expression and prognostic role
No full textAbstract: The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (UPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1 are thought to play an important part in gastric cancer (GC) invasion and metastasis. Little is known about the behavior and prognostic impact of the receptor for UPA (UPAR), The aims of the present study were: (1) to measure UPAR, UPA and PAI-1 levels in GC and in non-malignant tissue distant from the tamer (NORM); (2) to evaluate their relationship with histomorphological parameters; and (3) to determine their prognostic value. UPAR, UPA and PAI-1 levels were determined by ELISA in GC and NORM samples from 20 patients with GC undergoing surgery, The GC was also examined in terms of the presence (n = 10) or absence (n = 10) of metastasis, differentiation (five differentiated, 15 undifferentiated) and histotype, Survival was analysed using life table analysis, UPAR, UPA and PAI-1 were significantly higher in GC vs NORM, in the presence of metastasis (UPAR, UPA) and in undifferentiated GC (UPAR, PAI-1), UPAR significantly correlated with UPA and PAI-1, Low levels of UPAR (P = 0.04), UPA (P = 0.007) and PAI-1 (P = 0.02) were associated with a better survival, Our results demonstrate a sharp increase in UPAR in GC and suggest a prognostic role for it, The concomitant activation of UPAR, UPA and PAI-1 in GC confirm the important role of the plasminogen activator system in the process of invasion and metastasis
Does Helicobacter pylori play a causal role in the abnormalities of cell cycle regulators?
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