186,629 research outputs found
Tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic roles of c-Kit: mast cells as the primary off-target of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
No full textc-Kit tyrosine kinase receptor and its ligand stem cell factor have multiple functions during development, whereas in adulthood they are mostly needed for stem cell (SC) maintenance and mast cell (MC) biology. c-Kit plays an essential tumor-cell-intrinsic role in many types of cancer, either providing the tumorigenic force when aberrantly activated or conferring stem-like features characterizing the most aggressive variants. A tumor-cell-extrinsic role occurs through c-Kit-dependent accessory cells (such as MCs) that infiltrate tumors and deeply influence their progression. c-Kit-targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may ideally work against both tumor and stromal cells. Here, we summarize the tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic roles of c-Kit in cancer and discuss TKIs with their on- and off-targets, with a special emphasis on MCs as paradigmatic c-Kit-dependent accomplices for tumor progression
Study on the effects of ozone and acid rain on functional parameters of needles of Pinus halepensis Mill.
No full textThe objective of the work is to analyse the direct effects of the single and combined action of ozone and acid rain on Pinus halepensis. The results highlighted that P. halepensis did not show an evident synergism between the two treatments, even though the fluorescence analysis evidenced a different sensitivity of plants to the combined treatment
The good and bad of targeting cancer-associated extracellular matrix
No full textThe maintenance of tissue homeostasis requires extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Immune cells actively participate in regenerating damaged tissues contributing to ECM deposition and shaping. Dysregulated ECM deposition characterizes fibrotic diseases and cancer stromatogenesis, where a chronic inflammatory state sustains the ECM increase. In cancer, the ECM fosters several steps of tumor progression, providing pro-survival and proliferative signals, promoting tumor cell dissemination via collagen fibers or acting as a barrier to impede drug diffusion. Interfering with processes leading to chronic ECM deposition, as occurring in cancer, might allow the simultaneous targeting of both primary tumors and metastatic lesions. However, a note of caution comes from data showing that defective ECM deposition is associated with an exacerbated inflammatory and autoimmune phenotype and to lymphomagenesis. Immune cells display ITIM-inhibitory receptors recognizing collagens as counter ligands, which negatively regulate the immune response. This is in line with the idea that ECM components can provide homeostatic signals to immune cells to regulate and prevent unwanted activation, a concept particularly relevant in cancer where these mechanisms could be in place to keep infiltrating immune cells in a suppressive pro-tumoral state. In this context, the pharmacological targeting of myeloid cells, for which both direct and indirect roles in ECM deposition have been shown, can be a relevant option to this purpose
Common extracellular matrix regulation of myeloid cell activity in the bone marrow and tumor microenvironments
No full textThe complex interaction between cells undergoing transformation and the various stromal and immunological cell components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) crucially influences cancer progression and diversification, as well as endowing clinical and prognostic significance. The immunosuppression characterizing the TME depends on the recruitment and activation of different cell types including regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. Less considered is the non-cellular component of the TME. Here, we focus on the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulatory activities that, within the TME, actively contribute to many aspects of tumor progression, acting on both tumor and immune cells. Particularly, ECM-mediated regulation of tumor-associated immunosuppression occurs through the modulation of myeloid cell expansion, localization, and functional activities. Such regulation is not limited to the TME but occurs also within the bone marrow, wherein matricellular proteins contribute to the maintenance of specialized hematopoietic stem cell niches thereby regulating their homeostasis as well as the generation and expansion of myeloid cells under both physiological and pathological conditions. Highlighting the commonalities among ECM-myeloid cell interactions in bone marrow and TME, in this review we present a picture in which myeloid cells might sense and respond to ECM modifications, providing different ECM-myeloid cell interfaces that may be useful to define prognostic groups and to tailor therapeutic interventions
Use of radish plants protected with EDU to evaluate ozone effects both in natural and in controlled conditions
No full textIntegrated analysis of vegetation stress in permanent plots in conditions of different atmospheric quality
No full textFoliar peroxidase activity and sulphate contents as indicators of the urban pollution climate
No full textDrug delivery from mucoadhesive disks based on a photo-cross-linkable polyaspartamide derivative
No full textDisks for local delivery of amoxicillin to the buccal or gastric cavity were prepared using as starting polymer a polyaspartamide derivative. In particular, alpha,beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA) was derivatized with glycidyl methacylate (GMA) in order to synthesize PHG, a photo-cross-linkable and biodegradable polymer that gives rise to the formation of a chemical hydrogel (PHG-UV) by irradiation. This hydrogel was shaped as disks whose mucoadhesive properties have been confirmed by swelling measurements in phosphate buffer/citric acid solution at pH 7.0 in the presence of various concentrations of mucin. Swelling ability of PHG-UV disks was also evaluated in simulated salivary and gastric fluids. Antoxicillin was soaked into PHG-UV disks and its release was evaluated in simulated buccal and gastric conditions. The results obtained showed that the prepared disks also provide a reduction of the drug degradation in acidic medium
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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