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    Inulin as a multifaceted (active)substance and its chemical functionalization: From plant extraction to applications in pharmacy, cosmetics and food

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    This review is aimed at critically discussing a collection of research papers on Inulin (INU)in different scientific fields. The first part of this work gives an overview on the main characteristics of native INU, including production, applications in food or cosmetics industries, its benefits on human health as well as its main nutraceutical properties. A particular focus is dedicated to the extraction techniques and to the specific effects of INU on intestinal microbiota. Other than in food industry, the number of INU applications increases dramatically in the pharmaceutical field especially due to its simple chemical functionalization. Thus, aim of this review is also to give practical examples of chemical functionalization performed on INU also by including critical comments based on the direct experience of the Authors. With this aim, a full paragraph is dedicated to practical chemical experiences useful to reduce the efforts when establishing new experimental conditions. Moreover, the pharmaceutical technology is also taken in special consideration by underlining the aspects leading at the preparation of formulations based on INU. At the end of the review, a critical paragraph is intended to feed the scientists’ curiosity on this versatile polysaccharide

    Colloidal nanosystems from natural and renewable resources

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    In the context of ours research projects aimed at evaluating biodegradable amphiphilic polymers of natural origin and from renewable resources, we designed nanomicelle systems based on Inulin (INU) and Vitamin E (VITE), denoted as INVITE, in order to combine specific behaviours of the natural fructan-type polysaccharide Inulin and the antioxidant activity of Vitamin E for specific delivery of drugs. In particular, we selected INU as the main component because it is a natural polysaccharide extracted from many plants, hydrophilic, cheap, FDA-approved and routinely used by intravenous injection and it has been used for pharmaceutical applications in different forms such as hydrogels, micelles, nanoparticles. VITE is one of the most powerful anti-oxidant that nature uses in its cycles, and in the human body is involved in several processes including cancer and oxidative stress. INVITE conjugate, obtained by the combination of INU and VITE, is able to self-assemble in nanosized (< 20 nm) micelles. Moreover, by considering the physical-chemical and biological characteristics of INVITE micelles and their derivatives, they could be proposed for passive targeting to the kidneys, such as carrier of lipophilic drug for i.v. administration and for subsequent site-specific drug release
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