95 research outputs found
Architectural and Functional optimizations to the Digital subsystem of Active Digital Aura (ADA) chip
No full textThe primary objective of this thesis project is to investigate and develop optimal software and hardware architectures to detect the Start Of Packet (SOP) indicator present in a Body Coupled Communication (BCC) based message packet. The SOP detection module is a part of the receiver block present in the digital subsystem of the Active Digital Aura (ADA) circuit [2]. The project is comprised of two tasks. The first task is to investigate alternative solutions to detect the SOP in a received message. Accurate detection of the SOP under varying noise conditions is crucial for reducing retransmissions and improve the data rate. The various investigated solutions are implemented using VHDL and tested for the accuracy of SOP detection using Xilinx ISE simulations. The solutions are also synthesized using Cadence Synthesis tools to determine the hardware statistics such as area utilization, power consumption, and slack. The solution having highest accuracy and optimal hardware resource utilization is chosen as the best possible alternative solution. Furthermore, to verify the SOP detection in a typical BCC scenario, different types of noise such as burst noise and distributed noise with varying intensity are injected to the message packet to introduce errors. Both the current and best alternative solutions are subjected to functionality tests under these noise variations to determine the detection accuracy and limitations of each. The second task is to incorporate necessary modifications to the digital subsystem of existing ADA circuit [2] to develop a prototype model of it on the ML401 (Xilinx Virtex-4 based) FPGA board [3]. The prototype aids in testing of the modifications made to the digital subsystem of ADA chip (such as the SOP detection module) at real time, prior to ASIC manufacturing. A firmware application is also developed for an ARM Cortex-M4F based ?C device (host) which is used to interact with and test the FPGA prototype. The functionality of the existing and alternate SOP detection solutions are verified at real time on the FPGA hardware.Embedded SystemsComputer EngineeringElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Effect of Fermentation Parameters for the Mass Cultivation of Trichoderma viride via Submerged and Solid-State Fermentation Studies On Cellulase Production
Get PDFThe present investigation was carried out to evaluate different fermentation parameters and to optimize the fermentation parameters to cultivate Trichoderma viride (T. viride) via submerged and solid-state fermentations. The different parameters such as, effect of pH, temperature, inoculum size, media volume, incubation period and different nitrogen sources. The highest growth yield noticed was 14.221g L-1 at 15 g L-1, 0.15 g L-1, 40 oC, 2.0, 7.0 and 200 carbon, nitrogen, temperature, volume of the medium, pH, RPM respectively. Following, 12.187 g L-1 yield of T. viride was achieved with 15 g L-1, 0.15 g L-1, 40 oC, 2.0, 7.0, 200 carbon, nitrogen, temperature, volume of the medium, pH, RPM respectively. the effect of different incubation period on the cellulase activity was ranged from 0.76U/mL/min to 3.02 U/mL/min. The effect of different incubation period on the cellulase activity was ranged from 0.63 U/mL/min to 2.88 U/mL/min. The effect of different pH on the cellulase activity was ranged from 0.436 U/mL/min to 2.481 U/mL/min. the highest cellulase activity was noticed at pH 5.5 with 2.481 Nitrogen sources, five (5) namely, NH4Cl, NH4, CH3COO, (NH4)2SO4, NH4H2PO4, NH4NO3 are identified as significant sources for cultivation of T. viride and subsequent production and activity of cellulase. In accordance to results obtained, the inoculum size of 4mL found significant with 2.321 U/mL/min Out of Seven (7), three (3) media volumes such as 30mL, 40mL, and 50mL produced highest cellulase production with 2.964 U/mL/min, 2.331 U/mL/min
Determination of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K), pH and Electrical Conductivity of Jeevamrutham Samples Collected from Different Places of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh
Get PDFThis investigation was carried out to investigate the nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium levels of the jeevamrutham samples collected from different regions of the Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. In continuation, the collected samples are also evaluated for pH and Electrical Conductivity. Estimation of nitrogen was conducted by the Kjeldahl method. For acid soils, the Bray\u27s method is used to measure the amount of accessible phosphorus, whereas the Olsen\u27s method is used for neutral, alkaline, and calcareous soils. Determination of potassium was carried out using ammonium acetate at pH 7. The nitrogen percentage of the samples collected from Telangana and Andhra Pradesh was ranged from 3.0% to 5.8% and 3.5% to 6.5% respectively. The results revealed that the samples collected from Andhra Pradesh was found to exhibit highest nitrogen percentage comparing to the nitrogen percentage of the samples collected from Telangana. The concentration of phosphorus in the samples collected from Telengana is ranged from 77 ppm to 256 ppm. Whereas the concentration of phosphorus in the samples collected from Andhra Pradesh is ranged from 132 ppm to 312 ppm. The potassium levels were ranged from 66 ppm to 84 ppm and 63 ppm to 81 ppm of the samples collected from Telangana and Andhra Pradesh respectively. The pH 5.4 to 6.7 and 5.6 to 6.3 are ranged from the samples collected from Telangana and Andhra Pradesh respectively. The EC 0.19 ds m- to 0.25 ds m- and 0.21 ds m- to 0.28 ds m- are ranged from the samples collected from Telangana and Andhra Pradesh respectively. In conclusion, all collected samples contain the sufficient concentrations of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium levels in the collected jeevamrutham samples from Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. Moreover, the values of pH and EC of the samples tested found good
Protease Derived Bioactive Peptides of Food Origin
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Tea Extracts under different Brewing conditions
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Implementing and Evaluating the Performance Metrics Using Energy Consumption Protocols in Manets Using Multi-Path Routing- Fitness Function
Get PDFThe energy consumption plays a key role in Mobile Adhoc Networks in a day to day life. Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) structure is a temporary network organized dynamically with a possible family of wireless mobiles independent of any extra infrastructural facilities and central administration requirements. Also, it provides solutions to overcome the minimal energy consumption issues. Nodes are battery operated temporarily does not operate on permanent batteries, so energy consumed by a battery depends on the lifetime of the battery, and its energy utilization dynamically decreases as the nodes change their position in MANETs. Multi-path routing algorithm in MANETs provides the best optimal; the solution to transmit the information in multiple paths to minimize the end to end delay, increases energy efficiency, and moderately enhances the life time of a network. The research mainly focused on minimum energy consumption techniques in MANET is of a great challenge in industries. In this paper, the author highlights a novel algorithmic approach Adhoc on Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol that increases the energy efficiency in MANET by incorporating the demand multipath distance and fitness function. The Adhoc on Demand Multipath Distance Vector-Fitness Function (AOMDV-FF) routing protocol short out minimum distance path that consumes minimum energy and the simulation performance is evaluated using network simulator-2 (NS2) tool. Two protocols are proposed in this work AOMDV and AOMDV-FF and compared some of the performance parameters like energy efficiency, network life time and routing overhead in terms of data transfer rate, data packet size and simulation time, etc. The overall simulation results of the proposed AOMDV-FF method is to be considered as a network with 49 nodesand the network performance factor-end to end delay 14.4358msec, energy consumption 18.3673 joules, packet delivery ratio 0.9911 and routing overhead ratio 4.68 are evaluated. The results show an enriched performance as compared to AOMDV and AOMR-LM methods
Effect of Linear Prediction Order to Modify Formant Locations for Children Speech Recognition
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Children’s speech recognition shows poor performance as compared to adult speech. Large amount of data is required for the neural network models to achieve good performance. A very limited amount of children’s speech data is publicly available. A baseline system was developed using adult speech for training and children’s speech for testing. This kind of system suffers from mismatches between training and testing speech data. To overcome one of the mismatches, which is formant frequency locations between adults and children, in this paper we have explored the effect of linear prediction order to modify the formant frequency locations. The explored method studies for narrowband and wideband speech and found that they gave reductions in word error rate (WER) for GMM-HMM, DNN-HMM, and TDNN acoustic models. The TDNN acoustic model gives the best performance as compared to other acoustic models. The best formant modification factor α is 0.1 for linear prediction order 6 for narrowband speech (WER 13.82%), and α is 0.1 for linear prediction order 20 for wideband speech (WER 12.19%) for the TDNN acoustic model. Further, we have also compared the method with vocal tract length normalization (VTLN) and speaking rate adaptation (SRA), and it is found that the proposed method gives a better reduction in WERs as compared to VTLN and SRA.Peer reviewe
The General Theory of Space Time, Mass, Energy, Quantum Gravity, Perception, Four Fundamental Forces, Vacuum Energy, Quantum Field
Get PDFEssentially GUT and Vacuum Field are related to Quantum field where Quantum entanglement takes place. Mass energy equivalence and its relationship with Quantum Computing are discussed in various papers by the author. Here we finalize a paper on the relationship of GUT on one hand and space-time, mass-energy, Quantum Gravity and Vacuum field with Quantum Field. In fact, noise, discordant notes also are all related to subjective theory of Quantum Mechanics which is related to Quantum Entanglement and Quantum computing. Key words: Quantum Mechanics, Quantum computing, Quantum entanglement, vacuum energ
Energy from Waste Trends and Challenges
No full textEnergy from Waste (EFW) addresses waste management and energy supply issues. This study aims to identify research trends, challenges, and the current status of EFW using scientometric analysis. Objectives include understanding the field's evolution, assessing global contributions, and identifying future research gaps. Bibliometric methods measured trends in publications, citations, and country participation. Innovations in the EFW sector were evaluated based on current research and challenges. Data was sourced from indexed databases like Scopus, covering publication frequency, citation distribution, author collaboration, and geographical distribution over the past decade. Findings indicate a rise in EFW publications and citations in the last five years, but further research is needed on cost-effectiveness, energy recovery optimization, and waste-to-energy conversion technologies. These insights are beneficial for researchers, policymakers, and investors focused on EFW sector expansion
- …
