17 research outputs found
Management de la qualité de la chaîne logistique et la performance économique des entreprises: la modélisation par équations structurelles basée sur la méthode PLS
No full textCet article s'appuie sur une analyse de la relation entre les facteurs explicatifs de la gestion de la qualité de la chaîne logistique et la performance économique. Sur la base d'une approche qualitative et quantitative, nous avons d'abord mené une étude qualitative sur un échantillon de cinq praticiens du secteur automobile au Maroc. Ensuite, nous avons mené une étude quantitative sur un échantillon de 102 praticiens (Responsables de différentes fonctions : service qualité, logistique, approvisionnement, etc.) pour tester nos hypothèses. Pour cela, les données ont été analysées à l'aide du programme PLS-Smart spécialisé dans la modélisation d'équations structurelles. Sur la base des résultats obtenus lors de la mise en œuvre de la méthodologie, nous avons constaté que la gestion de la qualité des fournisseurs était le facteur le plus important pour améliorer la performance sociale. Cela était également important pour accroître le degré de performance environnementale, et cette dernière avait également un impact significatif sur la performance économique (c'est-à-dire une variable dépendante). Par conséquent, cette étude est basée sur la théorie des coûts de transaction
La Finance Islamique au cœur de la réalisation du développement durable : Cas des sukuks verts
No full textRésumé
Cet article traite l’importance des « sukuks » verts sous l’angle de sa contribution à la mise en place de l’Accord de Paris. Dans un premier point nous donnerons un bref aperçu sur le rôle de la finance islamique dans la promotion du développement durable. Le deuxième focalisera sur les réponses que cette finance alternative propose aux questions environnementales et sociales. Enfin, nous évoquerons les principales conclusions et les recommandations pour une gestion saine de l’environnement. Nous proposerons dans ce dernier point une feuille de route qui conduirait les décideurs à créer un marché vert de « sukuk » au Maroc.
Mots clés : Finance verte, RSE, ESG, Finance Islamique, Finance Conventionnelle, les projets d’énergie renouvelable, développement durable, obligations vertes, « sukuks » verts.
Abstract
This article discusses the importance of green « sukuks » and its role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In a first point we will give a brief overview on the role of Islamic finance in promoting sustainable development. The second will focus on the answers that this alternative finance offers to environmental and social issues. Finally, we will discuss the main conclusions and recommendations for sound environmental management. We will propose in this last point a roadmap that would lead the decision makers to create a green market of « sukuk » in Morocco.
Keywords: Green Finance, CSR, ESG, Islamic Finance, Conventional Finance, Renewable Energy Projects, Sustainable Development, Green Bonds, Green « sukuks »
The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on public finances in different regions of morocco
No full textAbstract:
The aim of this article is to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public finances in different regions of Morocco. Therefore, we have discussed the role of regions as real partners of regional and local development in the fight against epidemics and national disasters. The method used is spatial econometrics to take into account the geographical location. Thus, the results obtained confirm the positive and significant impact of the variables "hospitalization rate by region and total expenditure by region" on the endogenous variable "total resources by region", which means that the regions have invested financial resources during this delicate period characterized by the emergence of COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19; public finance; spatial econometrics; financial resources; regions.
Résumé :
Le but de cet article est d'étudier l'impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les finances publiques dans différentes régions du Maroc. C'est pourquoi nous avons évoqué le rôle des régions en tant que des véritables partenaires du développement régional et local dans la lutte contre les épidémies et les catastrophes nationales. La méthode utilisée est l'économétrie spatiale pour prendre en compte la localisation géographique. Ainsi, les résultats obtenus confirment l'impact positif et significatif des variables « taux d'hospitalisation par région et dépenses totales par région » sur la variable endogène « ressources totales par région », ce qui signifie que les régions ont investi de ressources financières durant cette période délicate caractérisée par l'émergence du COVID-19.
Mots-clés : COVID-19 ; finances publiques ; l'économétrie spatiale ; ressources financières ; régions
Flexibly formed concrete: Exploiting the deformation behaviour of weft-knitted formworks caused by concrete pressure
No full textTo reduce the construction industry’s negative influence on global climate, emissions related to concrete consumption need to be addressed. This implies reducing the amount concrete used, by creating material-efficient structures. One of concrete’s main advantages is that it can be moulded into virtually any shape. Despite the fact that modern digital design tools enable the effortless design and calculation of lightweight and graceful structures, this potential often goes unrealised. This can be attributed to the challenges associated with constructing intricate and custom geometries using conventional formwork techniques that depend on single-use cut timber or milled foam. Not only do these methods make the construction of these types of structures labour and cost intensive, they also cause them to be wasteful.KnitCrete, which uses knitted technical textiles as stay-in-place moulds for concrete structures, has proven to be a solution for building doubly curved structures, eliminating the need for time-consuming, costly, and wasteful moulds. However, due to its inherent high flexibility and the challenges of predicting and controlling the geometry during the casting process, the technology relies on coating procedures using high-strength cement paste coating to stiffen the geometry before concrete can be poured.This research addresses both issues and proposes a design approach, which models the deformation behaviour of the uncoated knitted formwork under concrete pressure to determine the final geometry of flexibly formed concrete structures, hence gaining better understanding on the deformation behaviour of knitted textile formworks and bypassing the stiffening steps during fabrication.Developing a method to predict the final geometry of flexibly formed concrete structures involves various research disciplines, including material science, and structural mechanics. The research approach is divided into three parts. The first part investigates the stress-strain relationship of various textiles with different knitting patterns, alongside the rheological and mechanical strength properties of different cementitious mixtures. The second stage focuses on developing (semi-)analytical models to predict the deflection behaviour of membranes subjected to varying boundaries, loads, and material properties. Finally, the accuracy of the models are validated by the construction of multiple prototypes.In conclusion, this thesis introduces a fabrication system that exploits the deflection behaviour of flexible formworks to create funicular shell structures and lays the foundation for implementing (semi-)analytical approaches to model these deformations.Civil Engineerin
A Quantitative Comparison of the Material-Use for a Form Found and a Conventional Concrete Pedestrian Bridge
No full textConcrete is the most used building material in the world. Its success can be linked back to its mouldability, durability and low cost. Unfortunately, current conventional concrete pedestrian bridge designs do not benefit from these key features and still require bulky shaped cross-sections, whereby part of the concrete does not contribute to the structural strength. This study assesses the potential reduction of material use by combining shot-crete 3D printing (SC3DP) with the application of textile formworks for the production of form found pedestrian bridges, instead of the conventional design and fabrication process.The present thesis looks at conventional concrete pedestrian bridge design and form found concrete for it examined for four different spans: 5 m, 10 m, 20 m and 45 m. The designs are tested for full vertical loading, asymmetric vertical loading, and buckling. The amount of material required for each span and load case are determined and compared with each other. The results show that the form found concrete pedestrian bridge designs only re-quire a fraction (between 13.0% and 20.0%) of the amount of concrete used for the same design with conventional approaches. The form found concrete pedestrian bridge designs become more material efficient than the conventional designs as the span increases. Dur-ing the calculation process it was ascertained that the conventional concrete pedestrian bridge design cannot reach spans larger than 20 m. It was also observed that the concrete thickness of the shorter span form found concrete pedestrian bridges (5 m and 10 m) is governed by the asymmetric load case and the concrete thickness of the longer span form found concrete pedestrian bridges (20 m and 45 m) is governed by the buckling case. Over-all it can be concluded that the form found concrete pedestrian bridge design is superior with regards to the material use, when compared to the conventional concrete pedestrian bridge design.Additional thesisCivil Engineerin
Energy-Efficient SNN Implementation Using RRAM-Based Computation In-Memory (CIM)
No full textSpiking Neural Networks (SNNs) can drastically improve the energy efficiency of neuromorphic computing through network sparsity and event-driven execution. Thus, SNNs have the potential to support practical cognitive tasks on resource constrained platforms, such as edge devices. To realize this, SNN requires energy-efficient hardware which can run applications with a limited energy budget. However, the conventional CMOS implementations cannot achieve this goal due to the various architectural and technological challenges. In this work, we address these issues by developing an energy-efficient and accurate SNN hardware based on Computation In-Memory (CIM) architecture using Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) devices. The developed SNN architecture is based on unsupervised Spike Time Dependent Plasticity (STDP) learning algorithm with online learning capability. Simulation results show that the proposed architecture is energy-efficient with a consumption of ≈20 fJ per spike, while maintaining state-of-the-art inference accuracy of 95% when evaluated using the MNIST dataset.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Computer EngineeringQuantum & Computer Engineerin
Navigating the Energy Transition: A Comprehensive Modeling Approach for the Netherlands
No full textThis report presents an energy transition model that emphasizes the importance of prioritizing innovation. It demonstrates the potential energy savings achievable through the installation of insulation layers. Additionally, it explores the increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and its influence on energy consumption within the transportation sector. The report also discusses renewable energy sources and explores energy storage methods. Lastly, the report concludes by highlighting the need for a balance between energy supply and demand, acknowledging that traditional energy sources will continue to be necessary in 2030, aligning with expectations. This comprehensive analysis serves as a foundation for future research endeavors aimed at developing a more precise model.EE3L11Electrical Engineerin
Does behavioral biases matter in SMEs' borrowing decisions? Insights from Morocco
No full textBank financing decisions by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are crucial to their growth and survival, particularly in emerging economies such as Morocco. This study aims to assess the impact of behavioral biases on these decisions, an area little explored in the existing financial literature. The main objective is to analyze how behavioral biases such as overconfidence, risk aversion, confirmation bias, anchoring, and managerial myopia biases influence bank financing decisions of Moroccan SMEs. The approach adopted is quantitative and uses robust least squares regression to analyze data collected from 167 Moroccan SMEs. The results reveal that overconfidence and anchoring have a significant positive impact on the propensity to take out bank loans, while risk aversion and confirmation bias have a negative effect. Managerial myopia had no significant influence. Control variables such as past financial performance, the length of the banking relationship, and lower risk also positively influence the financing decision
Semi-fragile watermarking for digital-capture image on handheld device within a certification chain
No full textLes smartphones équipent désormais toutes les couches de la population, indépendamment de l'âge ou de la profession. Ces équipements sont de plus en plus utilisés pour créer, manipuler et diffuser des informations contraintes par la sécurité (confidentialité, intégrité, authenticité). Plusieurs moyens de protection existent selon le type d'informations et les contraintes de sécurité (droit d'auteur, traçabilité, etc.). Cette thèse propose une solution de tatouage spécifique à l'image capturée depuis un smartphone afin de la rendre valable en justice. Son objectif est de lier la preuve à l'image et d'empêcher toute modification du contenu de l'image ainsi que des éléments de preuve. La confidentialité de l?image n'étant pas recherchée, le tatouage présente l'intérêt de conserver la lisibilité de l'image probante et donc autorise sa diffusion. La preuve est aussi constituée des données contextuelles de l'image: son auteur, la date de prise de vue ou encore sa position géographique. Peu de moyens sont disponibles pour vérifier cette géolocalisation. La seconde partie de la thèse propose ainsi des méthodes logicielles permettant la mise en oeuvre de contrôles destinés à améliorer l'authenticité de la géolocalisation. Enfin, le dernier chapitre propose une analyse critique des travaux de sécurité concernant les autres besoins d'authentification nécessaire à la réalisation d'une bonne preuveSmartphones are nowadays ubiquitous, they can be found in anybody's hands with no consideration of one's age or work. They are used to create, manipulate and broadcast security constrained pieces of information (in term of confidentiality, integrity or authenticity). Different protection types can be found, with regard to the security constraints (copyrights, document tracking, etc.). This thesis presents a watermarking scheme tailored for smartphone-captured images, which scheme allows the use of the image as an evidence. The goal is linking the evidence to the image and forbidding any content modification. Confidentiality not being a constraint, the scheme keeps the image visible and allow its broadcast. Contextual pieces of data are part of the evidence: author name, date of shot and geographic location (geolocation). Few means are available to assess this geolocation. The second part of the thesis aims to fill this gap by proposing software based countermeasures to enhanced geolocation authenticity. Finally, the last chapter presents a critic of security works on the other authentication methods required to forge a strong proo
Electrostatic Dust Removal System for a Lunar Rover Solar Panel Assembly: Electronics Design
No full textLunar dust presents a serious problem for future lunar rovers. Due to the charged nature of this fine dust, it tends to stick to sensitive elements like solar panels. It is clear that a system needs to be implemented in order to remove lunar dust to keep the output power of the solar panel at a satisfactory level. This paper develops the proof of concept electronics for a method sometimes called an electrodynamic screen, that uses electrostatic fields to sweep away the dust adhered to the surface of the solar panel. The electronics for this system needs to produce a high voltage three phase pulse wave in order to drive the electrodes placed on top of the solar panel. The design of the electrodes themselves are not part of this thesis, but it is the main subject of the companion thesis produced by other members of our group.Electrical Engineerin
