1,721,845 research outputs found
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White superficial onychomycosis: epidemiological, clinical, and pathological study of 79 patients.
No full textTo analyze the epidemiology, responsible agents, clinical features, and outcome of white superficial onychomycosis (WSO).
Retrospective study.
University hospital.
A total of 79 patients with WSO seen at the Department of Dermatology of Bologna University from 1994 to 2002. Responsible agents included Trichophyton interdigitale in 58 cases (73%), Trichophyton rubrum in 4 (5%), Fusarium species in 9 (11%), Aspergillus species in 5 (6%), and Acremonium strictum in 3 (3%).
White superficial onychomycosis may have different clinical and epidemiological features. "Classic" WSO, characterized by superficial nail plate involvement, is usually due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes (var interdigitale), although Acremonium strictum or Onychocola canadiensis can sometimes be responsible. A deep and diffuse WSO, characterized by massive penetration of the nail plate by fungi, can be seen in nail infections by molds such as Fusarium species and Aspergillus species, or in nail infections by Trichophyton rubrum in healthy children and in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Severity and spread of WSO is the result of complex host-parasite relationships. When dealing with a patient with WSO, we should always consider the causative organism and the host characteristics to choose the best therapeutic approach
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New fungal nail infections.
No full textURPOSE OF REVIEW: The number of people affected by onychomycosis continues to increase. The prevalence of different pathogens in different areas depends on several factors, such as climate, geography and migration. We reviewed the recent literature to identify new agents responsible for onychomycosis. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies performed in different countries are not only reporting molds and yeasts as contaminants, but are increasingly reporting them as pathogens. Infection by novel agents is also being reported, although the individual cases do not necessarily indicate that these are emerging agents. SUMMARY: Clinicians should bear in mind the increased number of case series reporting the role of molds and yeasts in onychomycosis, and should not treat the disease without first examining the mycology results. The question remains as to whether these agents are truly new fungi responsible for onychomycosis, or whether improvement of diagnostic techniques and increasing reference to such species in the literature has resulted in better identification of such agents
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Androgenetic alopecia in children: report of 20 cases.
No full textAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in adults. Although there are differences in the age at onset, the disease starts after puberty when enough testosterone is available to be transformed into dihydrotestosterone. We report 20 prepubertal children with AGA, 12 girls and eight boys, age range 6-10 years, observed over the last 4 years. All had normal physical development. Clinical examination showed hair loss with thinning and widening of the central parting of the scalp, both in boys and girls. In eight cases frontal accentuation and breach of frontal hairline were also present. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by pull test, trichogram and dermoscopy in all cases, and by scalp biopsy performed in six cases. There was a strong family history of AGA in all patients. The onset of AGA is not expected to be seen in prepubertal patients without abnormal androgen levels. A common feature observed in our series of children with AGA was a strong genetic predisposition to the disease. Although the pathogenesis remains speculative, endocrine evaluation and a strict follow-up are strongly recommended
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Contact sensitization to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one in children
No full textIn adults, MCI/MI sensitization is most common among females and in patients with facial and hand dermatitis (1). In our study, girls were more commonly affected than boys, and 6 of 7 patients had hand dermatitis. Most cases of contact allergy appear induced by leave-on cosmetics, especially moisturizing creams and wet wipes.
The frequency of MCI/MI sensitization in our study is higher than that reported in other studies on children (28) (Table 1). This variation may be explained by different patient selection and the varying use of the preservative in different countries. Our study included only children with a suspected diagnosis of contact dermatitis rather than non-eczematous children or children with other types of eczema (4, 8).
In Italy, there are still many cosmetic brands for babies and children containing MCI/MI as preservative, including wet wipes, protective creams, liquid soaps and shampoos
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Drug-Induced Nail Abnormalities
No full textThis article reviews the different nail symptoms produced by drugs. Drug-induced nail abnormalities may result from toxicity to the matrix, the nail bed or the periungual tissues. The most common symptoms include Beau’s lines/onychomadesis, melanonychia, onycholysis, and periungual pyogenic granulomas. Nail changes usually affect several nails and in most cases are asymptomatic. Drugs that most frequently produce nail abnormalities include retinoids, indinavir, and cancer chemotherapeutic agents. In this article, we also include nail adverse effects as a result of radiotherapy since they are commonly observed in clinical practice
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Contact allergens and irritants in household washing and cleaning products
No full textBackground: Household cleaning products often contain potential allergens and irritants but allergic contact dermatitis from these products in general consumers is rarely reported in the literature. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of irritants and allergens as indicated on the labels or on the product information found on the website of household cleaning products marketed in Italy. Material/Methods: We examined the labels and the product information of 291 liquid household washing and cleaning products, including 43 washing-up liquids, 63 laundry detergents, 61 fabric conditioners, 47 spray detergents, and 77 hard surface cleaning products. We obtained the data from the product information found on the websites for 263 products and directly on the product packages for 28 products. For each product we specifically recorded the presence of surfactants, preservatives, and fragrances listed in Annex III of Directive 76/768/EEC. Results: The websites of two Italian brands do not respect EU regulations as they provide product information only with bar codes of the products. Preservatives and fragrances are the main allergens declared in the label of household cleaning products with methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) listed in 35.7% and limonene in 43.6% of the products. Surfactants were listed in 16.5% of the studied products. Conclusions: Our study shows that household cleaning products in Italian market contain several allergens, particularly preservatives and fragrances. For consumers, at least in Italy, it may not be easy to retrieve product information from the website for two widely sold brands. The information had to be taken from the actual package. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S
The disappearing nail bed: a possible outcome of onycholysis
No full textDistal onycholysis results from separation of the nail plate from the underlying supporting structures and in most cases is a consequence of pathological conditions that affect the hyponichium1
It is a commonly seen disorder. It may have many causes some of which are infectious, contact irritant, dermatological, traumatic, systemic disease, drug, neoplastic, inherited, etc.1 It is usually asymptomatic, and it is generally the appearance of the nail that leads the patient to consult a dermatologist.
We have observed a number of cases of onycholysis, usually of the great toenail, but occasionally of the thumb and index finger nail, in which the distal nail bed appeared to shrink. That area becomes apparently cornified and produced dermatoglyphics like the normal tip of a digit.1,2 This may explain why it is difficult to promote reattachment. It is generally assumed that the longer the disorder has been present, the less likely that it is to resolve 1-6 , but chronicity of onycholysis has never been specifically quantified or defined
Nonsurgical Lip and Eye Rejuvenation Techniques
No full textThis book offers clinical physicians and plastic surgeons a detailed and comprehensive overview of the nonsurgical techniques used for rejuvenation of the lips and eyes. A key aim is to provide practical guidelines for patient selection in order to optimize the choice of treatment in different circumstances. These guidelines will assist in ensuring that the selected rejuvenation technique and the number of applications are appropriate to the specific disorder being treated, thereby maximizing benefits and minimizing side effects. The book explains pretreatment evaluation and describes a wide variety of rejuvenation techniques, including the use of hyaluronic acid fillers, botulinum toxins, skin needling, chemical peels, radiofrequency, ultrasound, and fractional lasers (ablative and nonablative). Contraindications to and complications of the various treatments are clearly identified. A notable feature is the emphasis placed on the role of combined treatments and how they can work in a complementary way to deliver optimal outcomes. The integrated, less invasive approach to periorbital and lip rejuvenation described here by acknowledged experts in the field will enable practitioners to choose with confidence the best aesthetic procedures and innovative tools for their patients
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The nail in systemic diseases.
No full textAlthough abnormalities of the nails have been reported in different systemic disorders,most of these abnormalities are nonspecific. This article reports and discusses only those nail signs that provide the clinician with clues for the diagnosis of systemic disorders
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