1,721,102 research outputs found
VALUTAZIONE DELL’ANDAMENTO DELLA QUALITA’ DELL’ARIA NEL DISTRETTO SAVONESE A CAVALLO DELLA CHIUSURA DEI GRUPPI A CARBONE DELLA CTE TIRRENO POWER: ESAME CRITICO DEI DOCUMENTI TECNICI PRODOTTI DA ARPAL E ANALISI DEI TRENDS (Proc. N. 5917/2013/21 RGNR/PMT).
No full textUlteriori analisi dell'evoluzione della qualità dell'aria commissionata dalla Procura di Savona (Proc. N. 5917/2013/21 RGNR/PMT
Speciazione chimica e Source apportionment del particolato atmosferico in un’area ad elevato impatto industriale in Salento (Puglia) (CTU Procura della Repubblica di Brindisi P r o c . N . 1 0 4 3 / 1 4 r.g.n.r. m o d 21)
No full textSi riportano ai fini processuali i risultati della campagna di campionamento ed analisi chimica di PM10 in tre stazioni di monitoraggio e successiva elaborazione modellistica arecettore mediante PMF per la ricostruzione qualiquantitativa del profilo emissivo in area salentina
Speciazione chimica e Source apportionment del particolato atmosferico in un’area ad elevato impatto industriale in Salento (Puglia) (CTU Procura della Repubblica di Brindisi P r o c . N . 1 0 4 3 / 1 4 r.g.n.r. m o d 21
Chapter 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER
No full textAirborne particulate matter is one of the main atmospheric pollutants also known as a criteria pollutant as well as an environmental indicator. It affects the radiative balance of the planet and its hydrological cycle, it may play a role in visibility, but above all, it has been historically associated with adverse effects on human health. This chapter describes the physical and chemical properties of this complex pollutant, introducing the basic knowledge for suitable physico-chemical characterization and source apportionment
The relationship between health effects and airborne particulate constituents
No full textThis chapter reviews in detail chemical composition, formation processes and reactivity of airborne particulate matter. The relationship between sources and PM is treated both mechanistically and in terms of methodological strategies adopted assess the link between emissions, atmospheric processes and health hazard. The most accredited biochemical pathways leading to adverse health effects are also described
La radioattività nelle rocce della Regione Emilia Romagna
No full textVengono riportati e commentati i dati sperimentali di radioattività gamma determinati sperimentalmente da Arpa ER e Univ. di Bologna in unità di roccia rappresentative dell'Emilia Romagna.
Si valuta il radon potential a partire dal tenore di precursori del radon rilevati. tali dati costituiscono il riferimento fondante per l'elaborazione cartografica di dati geofisici relativi alla regione Emilia Romagna in relazione alla distribuzione spaziale di radon negli edifici, radon nelle acque e radon nelle rocc
Calibration with MCNP of NaI detector for the determination of natural radioactivity levels in the field
Full text linkAbstractIn view of assessing natural radioactivity with on-site quantitative gamma spectrometry, efficiency calibration of NaI(Tl) detectors is investigated. A calibration based on Monte Carlo simulation of detector response is proposed, to render reliable quantitative analysis practicable in field campaigns. The method is developed with reference to contact geometry, in which measurements are taken placing the NaI(Tl) probe directly against the solid source to be analyzed. The Monte Carlo code used for the simulations was MCNP. Experimental verification of the calibration goodness is obtained by comparison with appropriate standards, as reported. On-site measurements yield a quick quantitative assessment of natural radioactivity levels present (40K, 238U and 232Th). On-site gamma spectrometry can prove particularly useful insofar as it provides information on materials from which samples cannot be taken
How to use efficiently airborne criteria pollutants and radon-222 in source apportionment: A self-organizing maps approach
Full text linkPollutant source apportionment represents one of the fundamental activities in environmental science. Several efficient chemometric tools are available to the scope, mostly based on multivariate techniques and usually applied to aerosol chemical speciation data. In the present work, an alternative source profiling method is proposed, based on the self-organizing maps (SOM) algorithm. Moreover, the dataset used includes typical criteria pollutants and physical parameters related to airborne particulate matter widely used as a complement of aerosol source apportionment and largely available at a higher time resolution than bulk aerosol samplings, allowing the information on the dynamic behavior of the local airshed to be extended. In this work, data was collected at a coastal location in NW Italy, between January and July 2012. Hourly concentrations of typical gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO, NO2, benzene, toluene, (m-p)-xylene, o-xylene), black-carbon and particle number concentrations by an optical particle sizer (OPS) were collected. The dataset was integrated with radon-222 activity concentration and meteorological parameters to enrich and refine the information obtained by SOM computation as well as to improve the air pollution source localization. Despite the lower specificity of criteria pollutants, the approach developed was capable of revealing distinct pollution sources such as the urban background traffic, the coal-fired power plant active at the time of the study, and the harbor, in agreement with previous PM-based source apportionment studies carried out locally, while enlightening peculiar dynamical conditions detectable at the sub-daily time scale. The application of the SOM algorithm, with the integration of meteorological parameters and atmospheric radon, proved to be very efficient in unveiling the air pollution sources
Transfer of Chernobyl radioisotopes to mushrooms
No full textMeasurements of radionuclide activities, following the Chernobyl accident, on some common mushrooms taken in NE Italy, during July-November 1986, are reported together with the corresponding soil analyses. Some species tend to concentrate Cs and Ag isotopes; other species present low concentration levels according to their different characteristics and metabolic behaviours. -English summar
A5-Unibo: an experiment on aerosols and cloud formation on-board Bexus 18 stratospheric balloon
No full textAerosols can affect the climate in two major ways, through direct and indirect processes. The direct effect is the one exerted by aerosols themselves on the radiative balance of the Earth through a combination of scattering and absorption of radiation. The indirect effects are a suite of possible impacts on aerosols through the modification of cloud properties interaction of aerosols on clouds (IPCC, 2013). Clouds and aerosols continue to contribute the largest uncertainty to assessment and understanding of “climate change” (IPCC, 2013).
Research is currently focused on the study of a possible link between cloud formation processes and the ionization of atmospheric particles caused by Cosmic Rays. The most widely studied mechanism proposed to explain the possible influence of the cosmic ray flux on cloudiness is the so-called “ion aerosol clear air mechanism (Carslaw et al., 2002; Usoskin and Kovaltsov, 2008). A second mechanism linking the cosmic ray flux to cloudiness has been proposed through the global electric circuit (Khain et al., 2004; Harrison and Ambaum, 2008; Nicoll and Harrison, 2008; Tinsley, 2008). Our current understanding of these mechanisms remains very low, mostly due to the reduced number of in-situ observations.
The “A5-Unibo” experiment by the University of Bologna has been developed to this aim. It has flown in BEXUS18 stratospheric balloon within the REXUS/BEXUS programme, realised under a bilateral Agency Agreement between the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the Swedish National Board (SNSB) in the framework of the European Space Agency (ESA)
The primary objective of the experiment was to collect vertical profiles of different atmospheric parameters involved in these processes, while the secondary one was the sampling of stratospheric aerosols for a post-flight analysis.
A5-Unibo experiment measured profiles of particles size distribution with an innovative aerosol counter (LOAC “Light Optical Particle Counter”), ion (both positive and negative) densities (Air Ion Counter, AlphaLab. Inc.), and key atmospheric parameters such as temperature, humidity, and pressure.
In this way, a correlation between ionization and aerosol formation processes has been investigated through a rather simple multi-instrument approach. Our preliminary results have identified a possible role of positive ions in condensation, as well as a larger importance of humidity with respect to temperature
Preliminary investigations on7Be as a tracer in the study of environmental processes
No full textThe usefulness of cosmogenic7Be as a tracer in a terrestrial environment has been investigated. Atmospheric fluxes and inventories of the radionuclide in grassland have been determined. Environmental behavior in connection with foliar interception and possibility of subsequent release has been studied. © 1995 Akadémiai Kiadó
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