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Le principali comunità di orlo eliofilo dell'Italia centrale
No full textLe praterie secondarie appenniniche per la ricchezza di specie rare, endemiche e di interesse biogeografico rivestono un’importante ruolo per la conservazione della biodiversità che viene riconosciuta anche a livello europeo (Direttiva Habitat 92/CEE). Il sottoutilizzo e/o l’abbandono delle tradizionali pratiche antropiche che si è verificato negli ultimi decenni in seguito ai cambiamenti socio-economici hanno portato all’innesco dei naturali processi dinamici vegetazionali con conseguente drastica riduzione della biodiversità già nei primi stadi della successione attraverso la dominanza di poche specie erbacee particolarmente competitive che se non contrastate comportano il rischio o perdita degli habitat di prateria.
Scopo della presente ricerca era lo studio floristico-vegetazionale, sinecologico, biogeografico, sindinamico e sintassonomico delle comunità vegetali dominate da tre delle specie più attive nei primi stadi della colonizzazione delle praterie sottoutilizzate o abbandonate in Italia centrale: Asphodelus macrocarpus subsp. macrocarpus, Brachypodium rupestre e Gentiana lutea subsp. lutea. Specificatamente gli obbiettivi erano: i) precisare la posizione ecologica e la contestualizzazione dinamica biogeografica e paesaggistica delle comunità vegetali individuate, ii) l’inquadramento sintassonomico attraverso il confronto con i dati di letteratura sia a livello appenninico che europeo, iii) individuare la gestione più efficace per il recupero e/o conservazione della biodiversità delle praterie coinvolte attraverso il monitoraggio floristico e agronomico nel breve periodo per le praterie secondarie colonizzate da Asphodelus macrocarpus e Brachypodium rupestre. Lo studio fitosociologico è stato condotto in Italia centrale dal gruppo montuoso del M. Catria a Nord sino al Molise in territori ubicati in diversi distretti geografici, biogeografici, geologici e bioclimatici: dalla dorsale appenninica al settore collinare infrappenninico e subcostiero principalmente centro-orientale a quote comprese tra circa 100 m s.l.m. e 2100 m s.l.m. per un totale di n. 104 rilievi fitosociologici. Per il monitoraggio sono state allestite due aree sperimentali permanenti in ambito appenninico per un totale di n. 60 rilievi floristici
I risultati ottenuti con la presente ricerca hanno consentito di individuare che la posizione ecologica occupata dalle cenosi a dominanza di ciascuna delle tre specie considerate: Asphodelus macrocarpus, Brachypodium rupestre e Gentiana lutea è quella ecotonale di orlo eliofilo contraddistinto sia da un’autonomia floristica che ecologica. Per quello che riguarda l’inquadramento sintassonomico le comunità di orlo eliofilo riconosciute vengono inquadrate nella classe Trifolio-Geranietea e nell’ordine Asphodeletalia macrocarpi. In base al confronto con i dati di letteratura vengono proposti n. 12 nuovi sintaxa di cui 1 subordine, 2 alleanze e 8 nuove associazioni vegetali. Per ciascun sintaxon riconosciuto oltre alle caratteristiche floristiche ed ecologiche viene indicata la contestualizzazione biogeografica, dinamica e pasaggistica contribuendo in tal modo a completare le principali unità di paesaggio dell’Italia centro-meridionale. Infine il monitoraggio floristico integrato a quello agronomico indica lo sfalcio come gestione agronomica più efficace anche nel breve periodo (2012-2015) per il recupero e/o conservazione della biodiversità delle praterie secondarie sottoulizzate o abbandonate dalle tradizionali attività agro-pastorali valida sia per le praterie colonizzate da Asphodelus macrocarpus che per quelle da Brachypodium rupestre
Geomorfologia e paesaggio vegetale: l'esempio della grande frana di Pescacci (Comune di Serra San Quirico - Appennino centrale)
No full textGeomorphology and plant landscape: the example of the great landslide Pescacci (Serra San Quirico - Central Apennines).
Herewith is presented a phytosociological detailed study of the vegetation of a pre-Apennines area in the Marche’s region, named Pescacci, in the town of Serra San Quirico (AN) affected by a large landslide known since the middle of the eighteenth century. The detailed historical geomorphological analysis allows to evaluate the changes that have occurred over time that have created a high diversity of habitats and microhabitats. The integrated analysis conducted confirm the close relationship between vegetation and geomorphology and the high value ofplant associations as ecological indicators.We describes two new associations of plain and riparian vegetation, respectively known as: Salici apenninae-Fraxinetum oxycarpae and Rubo caesii-Populetum canescentis, vicarious in the pre-Apennines and infra-Apennines territories of the sub-Mediterranean associations already described.The phytosociological analysis of detail also made it possible to describe the new association Scabioso maritimae-Hedysaretum coronarii for the pioneer vegetation which occupies the landslide slopes, in addition to other new syntaxa. The identification of the dynamic relationships between the different plant communities found, made it possible to reconstruct the main vegetation series from which integration result the landscape vegetation units of the investigated area
I boschi ripariali e planiziali del settore preappenninico e infrappenninico marchigiano
No full textEcological and floristic-vegetational characterization of the plant communities dominated by Asphodelus macrocarpus Parl. subsp. macrocarpus in the central Apennines
No full textThe edge communities of Asphodelus macrocarpus subsp. macrocarpus: the different ecological aspects and a new case study in the central Apennines
No full textThis article begins with an extended presentation of the logical process that led to the definition of the order Asphodeletalia macrocarpi Biondi &
Allegrezza 2014, highlighting the various aspects that justified this. The new analysis conducted in other areas of the central Apennines that were
analysed with the present study allows the more precise description of the syntaxonomy of the lower hierarchical levels. This describes the new
alliance Thalictro aquilegiifolii-Asphodelion macrocarpi that groups the communities with Asphodelus macrocarpus in the lower supratemperate
thermotype of the central Apennines, a vicariant of the alliance Cyano triumfettii-Asphodelion macrocarpi that is typical of the upper supratemperate
thermotype. Three new associations of the new alliance are recognized, according to the geomorphological characteristics and the dynamic context
and landscape: Leontodo cichoracei-Asphodeletum macrocarpi, Trifolio ochroleuci-Asphodeletum macrocarpi and Senecio apennini-Asphodeletum
macrocarpi. The statistical comparison between the associations published, at European level in which A. macrocarpus or Asphodelus albus have
been used in the epithet of the association, has provided a biogeographical overview at the European level and a critical syntaxonomic revision of the
Apennine phytocoenoses, for some of which the correction of the nomenclature was necessary according to the most recent taxonomic acquisitions.
Based on the analysis performed, the syntaxonomic scheme of the order Asphodeletalia macrocarpi for the central-southern Apennines is proposed,
which is currently recognized in three alliances: Cyano triumfettii-Asphodelion macrocarpi, Thalictro aquilegiifolii-Asphodelion macrocarpi and
Hyperico calabricae-Asphodelion macrocarpi. The indications of the environmental characteristics and preferential dynamic relationships of each of
the syntaxa considered contribute to the present state of knowledge, with both the definition and clarification of the ecological range and landscape
of the order Asphodeletalia macrocarpi, to complete the main landscape units described for the central-southern Apennines
Notulae alla checklist della Flora vascolare Italiana: 2079. Goodyera repens (L.) R.Br. (Orchidaceae)
No full textFloristic–Vegetational Features of Geranium argenteum, an Alpine–Apennine Species at Its Limit of Distribution in the Apennines
Full text linkWe present a floristic–vegetational study on a plant community dominated by Geranium argenteum in the Sibillini Mountains (Central Apennines), at the southern limit of its distribution in the Apennines. It is a rare pioneer community located at an elevation of about 2100 m a.s.l. with northern exposure on the fractured rocky ridges and at the edges of the rocky detrital valleys on lithosol, with a prolonged presence of snowpack and gelifraction processes. The results of the phytosociological analysis allow us to propose the new Festuco italicae-Geranietum argentei association referred to as the Leontopodio nivalis-Elynion myosuroidis alliance (Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii class). The comparison with the Alpine and the Northern Apennines phytocoenoses characterized by Geranium argenteum allows us to provide a new interpretation of the syntaxonomical framework concerning the Geranium argenteum communities within its Alpine–Apennine range in light of the new data presented in this paper. The new Festuco italicae-Geranietum argentei association represents a further contribution to the knowledge of the relict alpine vegetation of the Leontopodio nivalis-Elynion myosuroidis alliance in the Sibillini Mountains and thus in the Central Apennines. Finally, habitat monitoring will be essential for assessing the impacts of climate change on this fragile and narrowly restricted plant community
Vegetation dynamics in Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. nigra 100 years after reforestation: two case studies in the central Apennines
No full textWe present here an integrated structural and floristic-vegetational study performed in two representative Pinus nigra subsp. nigra reforestation areas
located within Natura 2000 protected areas in the central Apennines, as a mesotemperate thermotype. The aim was to determine the restoration state
a century from the reforestation, in terms of a vegetation dynamics study. A diachronic analysis was also performed using data from the literature
from a previous phytosociological study in 1973 in the same areas, and considering the adjacent native woods as the control. Although these two
reforestation areas had similar ecology and vegetation, this comparison revealed modest structural and flora differences that are mainly related to
geographical and topographical factors. This diachronic analysis highlights the structural and flora changes in the reforestation areas considered, and
thus the structural and floristic-vegetation stages of the succession that was represented by the plant communities towards Ostrya carpinifolia forests
(association, Scutellario-Ostryetum carpinifoliae) in 1973 and 2012. The minor coverage of conifers that was recorded for the two investigated sites
corresponds to an increase in the nemoral species of the class Querco-Fagetea and to a widespread decline in ecotone and grassland species. Although
the same trend is seen for the structural and floristic-vegetation dynamics, the differences that emerged from the comparison between these two
reforestation areas are confirmed by the diachronic analysis. The status of the restoration is a function of the native woods, and thus is a function of
the reference site. In this sense, we can consider that for the two sites the restoration status was similar, but not the same, because only within each
site can the coenoses in 1973 and 2012 be considered as the developmental stages of the same dynamic process. However, if we consider the situation
before reforestation, as derived from the historical documents, it can be seen that the natural vegetation dynamics was favoured, or at least accelerated,
in the topographic positions that guaranteed greater edaphic humidity conditions. On the basis of the data obtained, we can say that 100 years
after reforestation these two areas produced ecological conditions that guaranteed ingression of the nemoral species that were present in the surrounding
woods, with their more than adequate regeneration. As well as representing an essential knowledge base for planning of future silvicultural
actions, the knowledge acquired can provide useful indications of auto-ecological features of the species involved in dynamic restoration processe
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