1,721,082 research outputs found
MISA Metanalisi italiana degli studi sugli effetti a breve termine dell'inquinamento atmosferico 1996-2002Meta-analysis of the Italian studies on short-term effects of air pollution 1996-2002
No full textThe Italian Meta-analysis of short-term effects of air pollution for the period 1996-2002 (MISA-2) is a planned study on 15 Italian cities, among the larger country towns summing up 9 millions and one hundred thousand inhabitants at 2001 census. Mortality for all natural causes (362254 deaths), for respiratory causes (22317) and cardiovascular causes (146830), and hospital admissions for acute conditions, respiratory (278028 admissions), cardiac (455540) and cerebrovascular (60960), have been considered as HEALTH OUTCOMES DATA. . Mortality data came from Regional or Local Health Unit Registries, while hospital admissions data have been selected from Regional or Hospital Archives (exclusion percentages range for all admissions between 45% and 82%).As AIR POLLUTANTS DATA, daily pollutants concentration series (SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, O3) came from air quality monitoring networks of Regional Environmental Protection Agencies, of Environmental Offices of Provinces or Municipalities. Monitors' selection has been done by a working group composed by representatives of monitoring network Agencies. A generalized linear model on daily counts of health events has been fitted for each city. Linear pollutant effect has been specified and bi-pollutant models have been fitted for PM10+NO2 and PMO+O3. An age-specific natural cubic spline on season has been specified with 5 degree of freedom (on average) per year for mortality and 7 degree of freedom per year for hospital admission data. The base model is age-stratified (0-64, 65-74, 75+ years). Gender, age, season specific models have been fitted, too. Five sensitivity analyses have been done, varying the degree of freedom for the seasonality spline and specifying non parametric functions on temperature. Constrained distributed lag models have been fitted on mortality data to study potential harvesting effects. City-specific results have been meta-analyzed by random effects hierarchical Bayesian model. Four different models have been fitted in the sensitivity analyses, assuming different priors on heterogeneity variance and outlier-resistant prior on city-specific effects. Bayesian meta-regressions have been fitted on base model, bi-pollutant and season-specific city-specific results. Attributable deaths have been estimated by Monte Carlo methods using effect, pollutant, baseline rate distributions. Fourteen different scenarios have been considered for PM10 and ten for NO2 and CO, using meta-analitic and posterior city-specific effect estimates. Pollutants effects are reported as percent increase on mortality or hospital admissions for an increase of 10 microg/m3 of SO2, NO2 and PM10, and 1 mg/m3 of CO. We found an increase on mortality for all natural causes associated to increase of air pollutants concentration (for NO2 0.6% 95%CrI 0.3,0.9; CO 1.2% 0.6,1.7; PM10 0.31% -0.2,0.7). Similar findings were found for cardiorespiratory mortality and hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiac diseases
The meta-analysis of the Italian studies on short-term effects of air pollution (MISA): old and new issues on the interpretation of the statistical evidences
No full textThe second meta-analysis of the Italian studies on short-term health effects of air pollution, known as MISA-2, was based on daily time series of indicators of both pollution and of health outcomes. It covered 15 cities during 1996–2002 for a total population of approximately nine millions. Health outcomes included mortality for natural causes, for respiratory diseases and for cardiovascular conditions, as well as hospital admissions for respiratory, cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases. Pollutants considered in univariate analyses were sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), suspended particulate matter (SPM) measuring less than 10 μm diameter (PM10) and ozone (O3, limited to the summer period). Results, including risk estimates, have been largely confirmatory of findings obtained in previous large meta-analytic studies carried out in North America and in Europe. A full report in Italian is available. The present contribution summarises the results of MISA-2 and addresses three major issues regarding their interpretation: robustness of the causal inferential process, the role of specific air pollutants and the reliability of risk estimates. The former issue is stressed according to Bradford Hill's criteria and the conclusion is reached that at least for the association of air pollution with an increase in mortality the evidence for causality is strong. Assessing the role of each air pollutant is problematic: there is some evidence that the effects of PM10 are partly confounded by other pollutants, but PM10 may not be the best indicator of the role of air SPM (routine measures of PM2.5 have not been introduced in Italy). As for risk estimates, the per cent increase in risk of mortality for unit increase in PM10 concentration, measured in MISA-2, is remarkably similar to estimates in other studies and there is indication for linearity of the dose–response relationship
PARENTAL OCCUPATION AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS IN THE ETIOLOGY OF LEUKEMIAS AND NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMAS IN CHILDHOOD - A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
No full textPianificare la ricerca e la sorveglianza dopo le catastrofi: gli esiti del confronto della produzione scientifica a L’Aquila con quella di altri luoghi colpiti da terremoti
No full textMortalità per tumori e altre cause tra i lavoratori del cemento-amianto a Casale Monferrato
No full textPleural malignant mesothelioma and environmental asbestos exposure in Casale Monferrato, Piedmont. Preliminary analysis of a case-control study
No full text
Meta-analysis of The Italian Studies on Short Term Effects of Air Pollution(MISA), 1990-1999
No full textA meta-analysis of short-term effects of air pollution on
health in eight Italian cities from 1990 to 1999 is presented.
Death certificates and hospital admission data as
well as daily concentrations of pollutants were collected.
The same generalized linear model adjusted for age,
day of the week, holidays, influenza epidemics, meteorological
variables, and seasonality pattern was fitted to
the city data. City-specific model selection was not done.
In the meta-analysis, for each outcome, the city-specific
estimates for each pollutant were combined using fixed
and random-effects models. Hierarchical Bayesian
models were use to investigate the effects of PM10 in
detail. Each pollutant (SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, O3) was significantly
associated with mortality for natural causes.
The effect of PM10 on mortality was greater during the
warm season and for elderly. A north–south gradient in
risk was observed for total natural mortality. The excess
risks on hospital admission were modified by deprivation
score and by the NO2/PM10 ratio. Results add evidence
for an association between air pollution and early
mortality or morbidity and support the hypothesis of a
synergism between meteorological variables and air pollutio
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