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Ontology development for run-time safety management methodology in Smart Work Environments using ambient knowledge
Full text linkThis paper presents the development of a decision support system for run-time safety management
in Smart Work Environments (SWEs). Our approach consists of four main phases: (i) definition of
the basic steps of a methodology for run-time safety management; (ii) development of an ontological
knowledge-base of safety in work environments; (iii) definition of constraints on the ontology based on
organizations’ safety protocols; (iv) communication of relevant information to each actor in the safety
management team. We propose a generic ontological model of safety expertise, based on Occupational
Safety and Health Regulations (OSHA), that is employed as Knowledge required in our safety management
methodology based on the MAPE-K (Monitor–Analyze–Plan–Execute and Knowledge) loop. We present
the RAMIRES (Risk-Adaptive Management in Resilient Environments with Security) tool, implementing
this methodology. RAMIRES is developed as a dashboard, supporting the safety management team in
understanding the risk and its consequences, and to support decision making in risk treatment. RAMIRES
interacts with the SWE and the safety management team (actors) in order to: (i) communicate the risks
and preventive strategies to actors; (ii) obtain more data about the observed areas to understand the
risk and its consequences; and (iii) execute the automatic preventive strategies and support actors in
the execution of human-operated preventive strategies. In this paper, we show the details on concepts
designed in the safety ontology and illustrate how these concepts can be extended to provide an abstract
model of a specific use case. Furthermore, we propose the definition of constraints on the ontology
using logic-based rules. Finally, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the proposed methodology
regarding the resilience of the environment
Risks in Smart Environments and Adaptive Access Controls
No full textIn monitored environments, where risks can be prevented via sensors and spatial data technologies, security rules, in particular access control rules, should be made adaptive to the situation at hand at run time. The paper presents adaptive access controls suitable for “smart environments”, based on the Attribute-based Access Control paradigm. Risks are notified by monitoring devices and managed by a Risk Management System, which is illustrated. To adapt the access control decisions to risk mitigation needs, security policies are defined to dynamically activate or deactivate access rules according to the operations required to manage the risks
Access Control Privileges Management for Risk Areas
No full textThis paper presents adaptive access control for areas where risks require modifying authorizations dynamically at run time to enlarge and/or restrict privileges for risk rescue teams. Resources, which have a spatial description, as well as data elements of the areas to be protected, are considered. Based on a risk scenario, principles of access control based on the ABAC (Attribute Based Access Control) model for Subjects and Objects are given. Adaptivity of access control rules apply to subjects who intervene in the risk area and who require enlarged privileges to access to resources. The Access Control Domain concept models the policies of adaptive changes to Subject/Object attributes to face the crisis events. Events have a spatial description to enable managing the crisis according to where the event has occurred, since the same event can have different impacts on the environment depending on where it happens
The Role of ICT in Co-Production of e-Government Public Services
No full textThis chapter discusses co-production in e-Government services and the role that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) may have in facilitating co-production. We focus our analysis in the area of e-Government, since we are able to support our assumptions through two case studies that we conducted in this area. The case studies regard services for employment and services for social care of frail people. The first case study is exemplified on two systems, namely Servei d’Ocupació de Catalunya (SOC) and Borsa Lavoro Lombardia (BLL), two web portals implementing active policies to prevent unemployment. The discussion claims that both systems have been developed in a co-production style, although this was not explicitly stated. The second case study is discussed using the Attiv@bili project of Regione Lombardia, where we developed the technological platform supporting integrated services for various actors: patients and their families, public administrations involved in care, cooperatives, medical doctors, and others. Finally, we present an overview of recent ICT methods and tools and their use to improve and facilitate co-production with examples for the use cases.The book revises cases of services to Employment: Borsa Lavoro Lombardia and SOC in Catalunia. Comparisons and reasons of failure/success are discussed and the role of ICT in failure/success are given
Context-based risk-adaptive security model and conflict management
No full textIn dynamic and risk-prone environments, security rules should be flexible enough to permit the treatment of risks, and to manage privileges on resources based on the situation at hand. For this purpose, we define safety-centric contexts based on risk description that is provided by the safety management system. This paper presents a riskadaptive access control model that adopts hierarchies of contexts and security domains to make adaptations to risks at different levels of criticality. Since various risks may arise simultaneously, two or more security domains might be applicable at the same time incorporating various security rules which might lead to conflicts. Therefore, an approach to analyze conflicts is essential. In this work, we propose a conflict analysis algorithm based on set theory and we illustrate its usage with the proposed risk-adaptive access control model
Dynamic security modeling in risk management using environmental knowledge
No full textThis paper presents the design principles for dynamic security modeling in risk-prone environments, where elements of the environment to be protected are classified in Contexts and are monitored and geo-referenced. Based on a motivating scenario, the security model elements are introduced building on the ABAC (Attribute Based Access Control) paradigm. Dynamicity is integrated into the model to make it self-adaptable to dynamic changes in the environment conditions, including the occurrence of risks and emergencies. The model aims at dynamically authorizing subjects to access diverse data and physical objects (resources) based on adaptive activation/deactivation of security rules and changes in subject or object attributes, while still preserving the need-to-know principle
Static hand poses for gestural interaction: a study
No full textGestural interaction leveraging the expressiveness of the human hand, either in touch or in air gestures has been a subject of much research. In this work, a user study focusing mainly on static hand poses has been conducted on a heterogeneous group of participants covering different aspects of this interaction method: role of the participants in the creation of the hand poses, context-free pose-action mapping, learnability and memory issues, and physical comfort. Results of the study are discussed
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