986 research outputs found
Die biblische Auffassung der Wunder besonders der Wunder Jesu
No full textDie biblische Auffassung der Wunder, im aügememen, zu ergründen und zu werten, ist ausschliessliche Aufgabe dieses Artikels. Die betreffende Terminologie und der Stil der Wundererzählungen machen es dem Verfasser unverkennbar, dass in den Wundern die Macht Gottes über die Natur und besonders noch sein Heilswille mit allem Nachdruck sich offenbaren. Die unzähligen Beschreibungen der Natur verraten zwar, dass schon den Leuten des AT die untergeordnete Wirksamkeit der Natur bekannt war, doch war ihnen die Hand Gottes überall noch mehr offensichtlich. Die Lehre von der Causa prima und den causae secundae ist nicht nur philosophisch, sondern auch aus der Bibel beweisbar.
Es ist sonnenklar, dass das biblische Wunder wesentlich ein Zeichen ist, auf Grund des Wunderbaren, Wort Gottes, Offenbarung Gottes (Fl. Josephus: epiphdneia). Gott ruft dem Menschen zu: "Da bin ich, dein Gott und Heiland." Es sei nebenbei bemerkt, dass der V. vom Vergleich der Wunderzeichen mit den symbolischen Handlungen der Propheten nicht viel erwartet.
Dass Gott auch im Wunder, soweit es geht, die Naturgesetze wahrt, ist einleuchtend, aber es geht nicht in allen biblischen Wundern, und wo es nicht geht, da kann nicht ohne weiteres auf Ungeschichtlichkeit der Wundergeschichte geschlossen werden. Übrigens, wie Schoonenberg uns die Sache beschreibt, bleibt doch das Wunder Wunder seiner Art, ist kein natürlicher Prozess.
Mit L. Sabounin ist der V. überzeugt, dass die Wertung der Wunder Jesu als Beglaubigung seiner Messianität in Mt mehrfach bestärkt wird und dass sie in Joh kulminiert. Sie wird auch vom Petrus behauptet (Apg 2,22) und hat bedeutsame Parallelen in der Beglaubigung des Moses und der Apostel. Darin müssen wir solide Beweise anerkennen. Sonst wäre die strenge Verurteilung der Ungläubigen unverständlich (Joh 9, 41; 15, 24, vgl. 12, 37—43).
Dem Verfasser ist klar, dass die Urkirche von der Geschichtlichkeit der Wunder Jesu überzeugt war, und dass dies für sie grundlegend war. Das macht auf den V. einen solchen Eindruck, dass er glaubt, die Historizität möglichst aufrechterhalten zu müssen, sie nicht ungebührlich beschränken zu dürfen.
Der V. lässt sich in die Beurteilung der griechischen und sonstigen Parallelen ernstlich ein. Zu der Bultmannschen Theorie vom hellenischen Ursprung vieler synoptischer Wunderberichte verhält er sich ablehnend. Nach eigener peinlicher Prüfung der Zitate Bultmanns schliesst er sich der Kritik von H. van der Loos gerne an. An den "Wundern" des Arzt- und Heilsgottes Asklepios und des Apollonius von T. setzt er vieles aus, zumal das Zuwenig vom göttlichen Heilswillen, vom Lobpreis Gottes, dann keine Soteriologie, keine Eschatologie. Wahre Wunder als Gotteswerke pflegen solches aufzuweisen.
Nun nur noch die Schlussfolgerung: Die "skripturistische" Auffassung der Wunder kann aufgegeben werden nur, wenn sie nicht authentisch biblische, inspirierte Auffassung ist. Das ist sie aber oft, besonders wo es heisst, dass Jesus viele und wahre Wunder gewirkt hat, auch um sich als Messias zu legitimieren. In seinen Krankenheilungen kommt Mythologie, Magie und dgl. nicht in Betracht
Dynamics of reversible protein phosphorylation in thylakoids of flowering plants: The roles of STN7, STN8 and TAP38
No full textAbstractPhosphorylation is the most common post-translational modification found in thylakoid membrane proteins of flowering plants, targeting more than two dozen subunits of all multiprotein complexes, including some light-harvesting proteins. Recent progress in mass spectrometry-based technologies has led to the detection of novel low-abundance thylakoid phosphoproteins and localised their phosphorylation sites. Three of the enzymes involved in phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycles in thylakoids, the protein kinases STN7 and STN8 and the phosphatase TAP38/PPH1, have been characterised in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Differential protein phosphorylation is associated with changes in illumination and various other environmental parameters, and has been implicated in several acclimation responses, the molecular mechanisms of which are only partly understood. The phenomenon of State Transitions, which enables rapid adaptation to short-term changes in illumination, has recently been shown to depend on reversible phosphorylation of LHCII by STN7-TAP38/PPH1. STN7 is also necessary for long-term acclimation responses that counteract imbalances in energy distribution between PSII and PSI by changing the rates of accumulation of their reaction-centre and light-harvesting proteins. Another aspect of photosynthetic acclimation, the modulation of thylakoid ultrastructure, depends on phosphorylation of PSII core proteins, mainly executed by STN8. Here we review recent advances in the characterisation of STN7, STN8 and TAP38/PPH1, and discuss their physiological significance within the overall network of thylakoid protein phosphorylation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Electron Transport in Chloroplasts
Le couple de travail marié dans une société d’ordres – Sur la genèse d’un concept: in Arbeit und Familie in Nordwesteuropa im Spätmittelalter und in der Frühen Neuzeit | Travail et famille en Europe du Nord-Ouest au bas Moyen Âge et à l’époque moderne, éd. Audrey Dauchy et Laila Scheuch, Frankfurt am Main, Vittorio Klostermann (Studien zur europäischen Rechtsgeschichte, t. 338), p. 41-51
No full textHeide Wunder, « Le couple de travail marié dans une société d’ordres – Sur la genèse d’un concept », Arbeit und Familie in Nordwesteuropa im Spätmittelalter und in der Frühen Neuzeit | Travail et famille en Europe du Nord-Ouest au bas Moyen Âge et à l’époque moderne, éd. Audrey Dauchy et Laila Scheuch, Frankfurt am Main, Vittorio Klostermann, 2023 (Studien zur europäischen Rechtsgeschichte, t. 338), p. 41-5
Pragmatic approach to nutrition in the ICU: Expert opinion regarding which calorie protein target
No full textBACKGROUND & AIMS:Since the publications of the ESPEN guidelines on enteral and parenteral nutrition in ICU, numerous studies have added information to assist the nutritional management of critically ill patients regarding the recognition of the right population to feed, the energy-protein targeting, the route and the timing to start.
METHODS: We reviewed and discussed the literature related to nutrition in the ICU from 2006 until October 2013.
RESULTS: To identify safe, minimal and maximal amounts for the different nutrients and at the different stages of the acute illness is necessary. These amounts might be specific for different phases in the time course of the patient's illness. The best approach is to target the energy goal defined by indirect calorimetry. High protein intake (1.5 g/kg/d) is recommended during the early phase of the ICU stay, regardless of the simultaneous calorie intake. This recommendation can reduce catabolism. Later on, high protein intake remains recommended, likely combined with a sufficient amount of energy to avoid proteolysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Pragmatic recommendations are proposed to practically optimize nutritional therapy based on recent publications. However, on some issues, there is insufficient evidence to make expert recommendations
Partial melting of ultramafic granulites from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica: Constraints from melt inclusions and thermodynamic modeling
No full textIn the Pan-African belt of the Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, crystallized melt inclusions (nanogranitoids) occur in garnet from ultramafic granulites. The granulites contain the peak assemblage pargasite+garnet+clinopyroxene with rare relict orthopyroxene and biotite, and retrograde symplectites at contacts between garnet and amphibole. Garnet contains two generations of melt inclusions. Type 1 inclusions, interpreted as primary, are isolated, < 10 mu m in size, and generally have negative crystal shapes. They contain kokchetavite, kumdykolite, and phlogopite, with quartz and zoisite as minor phases, and undevitrified glass was identified in one inclusion. Type 2 inclusions are < 30 mu m in size, secondary, and contain amphibole, feldspars, and zoisite. Type 2 inclusions appear to be the crystallization products of a melt that coexisted with an immiscible CO2-rich fluid.
The nanogranitoids were re-homogenized after heating in a piston-cylinder in a series of four experiments to investigate their composition. The conditions ranged between 900 and 950 degrees C at 1.5-2.4 GPa. Type 1 inclusions are trachytic and ultrapotassic, whereas type 2 melts are dacitic to rhyolitic. Thermodynamic modeling of the ultramafic composition in the MnNCKFMASHTO system shows that anatexis occurred at the end of the prograde P-T path, between the solidus (at ca. 860 degrees C-1.4 GPa) and the peak conditions (at ca. 960 degrees C-1.7 GPa). The model melt composition is felsic and similar to that of type 1 inclusions, particularly when the melting degree is low (< 1 mol%), close to the solidus. However the modeling fails to reproduce the highly potassic signature of the melt and its low H2O content. The combination of petrology, melt inclusion study, and thermodynamic modeling supports the interpretation that melt was produced by anatexis of the ultramafic boudins near peak P-T conditions, and that type 1 inclusions contain the anatectic melt that was present during garnet growth. The felsic, ultrapotassic composition of the primary anatectic melts is compatible with low melting degrees in the presence of biotite and amphibole as reactants
PGRL1 Is the Elusive Ferredoxin-Plastoquinone Reductase in Photosynthetic Cyclic Electron Flow
No full textDuring plant photosynthesis, photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII), located in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast, use light energy to mobilize electron transport. Different modes of electron flow exist. Linear electron flow is driven by both photosystems and generates ATP and NADPH, whereas cyclic electron flow (CEF) is driven by PSI alone and generates ATP only. Two variants of CEF exist in flowering plants, of which one is sensitive to antimycin A (AA) and involves the two thylakoid proteins, PGR5 and PGRL1. However, neither the mechanism nor the site of reinjection of electrons from ferredoxin into the thylakoid electron transport chain during AA-sensitive CEF is known. Here, we show that PGRL1 accepts electrons from ferredoxin in a PGR5-dependent manner and reduces quinones in an AA-sensitive fashion. PGRL1 activity itself requires several redox-active cysteine residues and a Fe-containing cofactor. We therefore propose that PGRL1 is the elusive ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase (FQR)
T-Zell-Tuning
No full textWer sagt, dass Transplantationen auf Organe beschränkt sein müssen? Am Leibniz-Institut für Immuntherapie erhalten selbst einzelne T-Zellen eine Transplantation. Für ihre Effizienz gegen Tumore wirkt das Wunder
Partial melting of ultramafic granulites from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica: Constraints from melt inclusions and thermodynamic modeling
No full textIn the Pan-African belt of the Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, crystallized melt inclusions (nano-granitoids) occur in garnet from ultramafic granulites. The granulites contain the peak assemblage pargasite+garnet+clinopyroxene with rare relict orthopyroxene and biotite, and retrograde symplectites at contacts between garnet and amphibole. Garnet contains two generations of melt inclusions. Type 1 inclusions, interpreted as primary, are isolated, <10 μm in size, and generally have negative crystal shapes. They contain kokchetavite, kumdykolite, and phlogopite, with quartz and zoisite as minor phases, and undevitrified glass was identified in one inclusion. Type 2 inclusions are <30 μm in size, secondary, and contain amphibole, feldspars, and zoisite. Type 2 inclusions appear to be the crystallization products of a melt that coexisted with an immiscible CO2-rich fluid. The nanogranitoids were re-homogenized after heating in a piston-cylinder in a series of four experiments to investigate their composition. The conditions ranged between 900 and 950 °C at 1.5-2.4 GPa. Type 1 inclusions are trachytic and ultrapotassic, whereas type 2 melts are dacitic to rhyolitic. Thermodynamic modeling of the ultramafic composition in the MnNCKFMASHTO system shows that anatexis occurred at the end of the prograde P-T path, between the solidus (at ca. 860 °C-1.4 GPa) and the peak conditions (at ca. 960 °C-1.7 GPa). The model melt composition is felsic and similar to that of type 1 inclusions, particularly when the melting degree is low (<1 mol%), close to the solidus. However the modeling fails to reproduce the highly potassic signature of the melt and its low H2O content. The combination of petrology, melt inclusion study, and thermodynamic modeling supports the interpretation that melt was produced by anatexis of the ultramafic boudins near peak P-T conditions, and that type 1 inclusions contain the anatectic melt that was present during garnet growth. The felsic, ultrapotassic composition of the primary anatectic melts is compatible with low melting degrees in the presence of biotite and amphibole as reactants
Focus on leakage and spillovers: informing land-use governance in a tele-coupled world
No full textAbstract Governing land use to achieve sustainable outcomes is challenging, because land systems manifest complex land use spillovers—i.e. processes by which land use changes or direct interventions in land use (e.g. policy, program, new technologies) in one place have impacts on land use in another place. The ERL issue ‘Focus on Leakage: informing Land-Use Governance in a Tele-coupled World’ builds on discussions in an international expert workshop conducted in Berlin in November 2017 to explore innovative ways to improve our understanding of how governance interventions, new technologies and other factors can affect land-use change both directly and indirectly through spillovers. This editorial starts by clarifying the definitions and relationships between land-use spillover, indirect land use change—a form of spillover where land use change in one place is caused by land use change in another place—leakage—a form of land use spillover, which is caused by an environmental policy (e.g. a conservation or restoration intervention), and the spillover reduces the overall benefits and effectiveness of this intervention—, and land use displacement processes. We then use this terminology to summarize the individual contributions of this special issue and conclude with lessons learned as well as directions for future research.Stockholm Environment Institute https://doi.org/10.13039/100009481Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002347Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung https://doi.org/10.13039/100005156Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001862H2020 European Research Council https://doi.org/10.13039/10001066
A reconsideration of the domestication geography of tetraploid wheats
No full textThe domestication of tetraploid wheats started from their wild progenitor Triticum dicoccoides. In this paper, the geographical distribution of this progenitor is revised to include more sampling locations. The paper is based on a collection of wild and domesticated lines (226 accessions in total) analyzed by AFLP at 169 polymorphic loci. The collection includes the 69 wild lines considered by Mori et al. (2003) in their study on chloroplast DNA haplotypes of T. dicoccoides. The goal of the experiment was to reconsider which location thought to have generated the domesticated germplasm has the highest chance of being the actual site from which wild progenitors were sampled during domestication. Phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear AFLP databases indicates that two different genetic taxa of T. dicoccoides exist, the western one, colonizing Israel, Syria, Lebanon and Jordan, and the central-eastern one, which has been frequently sampled in Turkey and rarely in Iran and Iraq. It is the central-eastern race that played the role of the progenitor of the domesticated germplasm. This is supported by the cumulative results of the AFLP data from the collections of Ozkan et al. (2002) and of Mori et al. (2003), which indicate that the Turkish Karacadag population, intermixed with some Iraq-Iran lines, has a tree topology consistent with that of the progenitor of domesticated genotypes. The Turkish Kartal population belongs genetically to the central-eastern T. dicoccoides race but at the nuclear DNA level is less related to the domesticated gene pool. A general agreement between published work on tetraploid wheat domestication emerges from these results. A disagreement is nevertheless evident at the local geographical scale; the chloroplast DNA data indicate the Kartal mountains while AFLP fingerprinting points to the Karacadag Range as the putative site of tetraploid wheat domestication
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