438 research outputs found
In-plane Cu–O bond distribution and charge inhomogeneity in La2−xSrxCuO4 as a function of doping
No full textWe report in-plane Cu-O atomic displacements as a function of doping in the La2-xSrxCuO4 system, determined by polarized Cu K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements. We find a wide distribution of the Cu-O bonds showing a single peak asymmetric function for the system at low doping, which gets two peak function for the underdoped and optimally doped superconducting phases before turning to a single peak function for the overdoped phase. The results provide a direct evidence of critical local lattice fluctuations for an optimum transition temperature in the superconducting phases hosting quantum stripes
Electronic structure and phase separation of superconducting and nonsuperconducting KxFe2-ySe2 revealed by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy
No full textWe have investigated the electronic structure of superconducting (SC) and nonsuperconducting (non-SC) KxFe2-ySe2 using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The spectral shape of the Fe 2p XPS is found to depend on the amount of Fe vacancies. The Fe 2p(3/2) peak of the SC and non-SC Fe-rich samples is accompanied by a shoulder structure on the lower binding energy side, which can be attributed to the metallic phase embedded in the Fe2+ insulating phase. The absence of the shoulder structure in the non-SC Fe-poor sample allows us to analyze the Fe 2p spectra using a FeSe4 cluster model. The Fe 3d-Se 4p charge-transfer energy of the Fe2+ insulating phase is found to be similar to 2.3 eV which is smaller than the Fe 3d-Fe 3d Coulomb interaction of similar to 3.5 eV. This indicates that the Fe2+ insulating state is the charge-transfer type in the Zaanen-Sawatzky-Allen scheme. We also find a substantial change in the valence-band XPS as a function of Fe content and temperature. The metallic state at the Fermi level is seen in the SC and non-SC Fe-rich samples and tends to be enhanced with cooling in the SC sample
Metazooplankton groups comprising 5 % or more of total metazooplankton number per sample (appendix 5)
No full textMetazooplankton groups comprising 5 % or more of total metazooplankton number per sample (appendix 5
Distribution of Limacina retroversa numbers and particulate organic carbon (POC) according to shell length (appendix 8)
No full textDistribution of Limacina retroversa numbers and particulate organic carbon (POC) according to shell length (appendix 8
Distribution of Calanus finmarchicus on the Voering Plateau
No full textDistribution of Calanus finmarchicus on the Voering Platea
Metazooplankton groups comprising 5 % or more of total metazooplankton particulate organic carbon (POC) per sample (appendix 6)
No full textMetazooplankton groups comprising 5 % or more of total metazooplankton particulate organic carbon (POC) per sample (appendix 6
Trophic distribution of metazooplankton number and POC on the Voering Plateau (appendix 4)
No full textTrophic distribution of metazooplankton number and POC on the Voering Plateau (appendix 4
The role of marine habitat mapping in ecosystem-based management
No full textEcosystem-based management (EBM) and the related concept of large marine ecosystems (LMEs) are sometimes criticized as being too broad for many management and research applications. At the same time there is a great need to more effectively develop substantive scientific methods to empower EBM. Marine habitat mapping (MHM) is one example of an applied set of field methods that directly support EBM and contribute essential elements for conducting integrated ecosystem assessments. This paper places MHM practices in context with biodiversity models and EBM. We build the case for MHM being incorporated as an explicit and early process following initial goal setting within larger EBM programs. Advances in MHM and EBM are dependent on evolving technological and modeling capabilities, conservation targets, and policy priorities within a spatial planning framework. In both cases, the evolving and adaptive nature of these sciences requires explicit spatial parameters, clear objectives, combinations of social and scientific considerations, and multiple parameters to assess overlapping viewpoints and ecosystem functions. To examine the commonalities between MHM and EBM, we also address issues of implicit and explicit linkages between classification, mapping, and elements of biodiversity with management goals. Policy objectives such as sustainability, ecosystem health, or the design of marine protected areas are also placed in the combined MHM–EBM context.PostprintCogan, C. B., Todd, B. J., Lawton, P., and Noji, T. T. 2009. The role of marine habitat mapping in ecosystem-based management. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2033–2042.1095-928
Understanding effects of armed conflict on health outcomes: the case of Nepal
No full textObjective
There is abundance of literature on adverse effects of conflict on the health of the population. In contrast to this, sporadic data in Nepal claim improvements in most of the health indicators during the decade-long armed conflict (1996-2006). However, systematic information to support or reject this claim is scant. This study reviews Nepal's key health indicators before and after the violent conflict and explores the possible factors facilitating the progress.
Methods
A secondary analysis has been conducted of two demographic health surveys- Nepal Family Health Survey (NFHS) 1996 and Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2006; the latter was supplemented by a study carried out by the Nepal Health Research Council in 2006.
Results
The data show Nepal has made progress in 16 out of 19 health indicators which are part of the Millennium Development Goals whilst three indicators have remained static. Our analysis suggests a number of conflict and non-conflict factors which may have led to this success.
Conclusion
The lessons learnt from Nepal could be replicable elsewhere in conflict and post-conflict environments. A nationwide large-scale empirical study is needed to further assess the determinants of Nepal's success in the health sector at a time the country experienced a decade of armed conflict
- …
