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Letter from M. Matsuda to Mr. [George H.]Hand, Chief Engineer; Rancho San Pedro, July 5, 1927
No full textRefers to laying a pipeline near a boundary of land. Mr. Matsuda refers to a previous request about the use of the land and the renewal of his lease. Offers crates of strawberries to Mr. Hand
Letter from Geo. [George] H. Hand, Chief Engineer, Rancho San Pedro to Mr. M. Matsuda, June 21, 1928
No full textNotification of lease agreements ready for signature and a request to speak with Mr. Matsuda about his lease with the Dominguez Estate Company. Matsuda holds leases from Dominguez Estate Company and Watson Land Company
Doriprismatica rossi Matsuda & Gosliner 2018, sp. nov.
No full textDoriprismatica rossi Matsuda and Gosliner, sp. nov. Figures (2I, 11C, 13D, E, 14A–E) Doriprismatica sp. 5 Gosliner et al. 2015: p. 240, upper left photo. Doriprismatica sp. B Matsuda & Gosliner 2017. Type material. Holotype: CASIZ-192281, one specimen, dissected, 31 mm preserved, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, West Manghar Island, night dive, 8 March 2013, T. Gosliner, Red Sea Biodiversity Cruise 2013, orig. fixative 95% EtOH. This specimen was tissue sampled (foot) for DNA analysis in Matsuda & Gosliner (2017), GenBank: KT600690 (COI). Etymology. Doriprismatica rossi is named after the first author’s brother, Ross Kyo Matsuda. Distribution. Known only from the Saudi Arabian Red Sea. External morphology. The mantle of Doriprismatica rossi sits high on the sides of the body above the foot and tapers posteriorly (Fig. 11C). The mantle has small conical tubercles over its entire surface. The mantle edge has the characteristic semi-permanent undulations, including two sets of permanent large folds, the first slightly behind the rhinophores and the second anterior to the gill. The mantle and foot are a burgundy-charcoal color that is covered with small white spots that are denser towards the edge of the mantle. Larger burgundy spots speckle the mantle over the white. A black band runs the edge of the mantle and is bordered on both sides first by thin electric blue bands and then followed by thicker mustard colored bands (Fig. 2I). The gill is two-thirds of the way back on the mantle and consists of approximately 14 unipinnate lamellae arranged in a spiral and forming an arc that opens posteriorly around the anus. Some of the lamellae have branching tips of up to four prongs while others are single and they become shorter at the ends of the arch. All of the gill branches are held close to the surface of the mantle. The gill stalk is a greener mustard color that fades to white, and two dark lines run up the inward and outward facing sides midway-up that join at the tip. The base of the rhinophores are a cream and mustard color and the rhinophores are dark charcoal that is dusted with white that gives them a frosted appearance. The rhinophores have approximately 15 closely packed lamellae. Behind the rhinophores are two burgundy-charcoal patches on the mantle that are not covered in white dots. The genital opening is on the right side of the body below the mantle and behind the rhinophores. Internal anatomy. Radular structure (Fig. 14A–E). The oral tube is approximately three times as long as the buccal bulb (Fig. 13E). The radular ribbon is long and of medium width (Fig. 14D) (radular formula for 35 mm preserved specimen is approximately 165 x 25.0.25). A row of rachidian teeth is absent (Fig. 14A). The first lateral tooth has a long central cusp with three to four, large, well-defined downward-pointing denticles on both sides. The inner and mid-lateral teeth (Fig. 14B) have a longer central cusp with the same number of denticles on the outer edge, however with no denticles on the inner edge. The outer teeth (Fig. 14C) are only slightly reduced and have only one denticle on the outer edge. The jaw plates are composed of long bifid rodlets that are slightly curved (Fig. 14E). Reproductive system (Fig. 13D). The vagina is of medium length and narrow and connects with the receptaculum seminis duct before reaching the receptaculum seminis sac and bursa copulatrix. The penial bulb is long and convoluted leading to a shorter muscular vas deferens. A long, twisted prostate gland connects to the base of the ampulla adjacent to the albumen gland. Remarks. Doriprismatica rossi is sister to Doriprismatica marinae sp. nov., and together they are sister to the clade containing D. atromarginata and D. sibogae. Doriprismatica rossi has its own unique color pattern and together with D. paledentata is the only species in the genus with three distinct marginal bands. These two species are unique in having mantle tubercles. The mantle of D. rossi is more oval that D. atromarginata and D. sibogae. The mantle bands are continuous, unlike in D. atromarginata and D. sibogae whose mantle bands include areas with slight interruptions. The mantle bands are similar in color to D. paladentata, however the bands on D. paladentata are much lighter and the body is teardrop-shaped with a broader anterior. The mantle of D. paladentata is covered with white spots, however the overall color of the mantle is a very light cream. The rhinophores and gills of D. paladentata, D. atromarginata and D. sibogae all stand out dark against the body, which is not the case for D. rossi. The radula for D. rossi differs from that of D. atromarginata by having a slightly longer central cusp, and resemble more closely those of D. sibogae (Rudman 1986, fig. 6, specimen from Fiji). The ABGD analysis supports D. rossi as a distinct species (Fig. 5). The p-distance values between D. rossi and D. marinae is 2%, which while seemingly small, is consistent with the p-distances between and within other species of Doriprismatica (Matsuda & Gosliner 2017) (Fig. 5). Their general body form is markedly different. The p-distances between individuals of D. atromarginata is 1% and between specimens of D. paladentata is 0, and the p-distances that separate D. atromarginata and D. sibogae is 3%.Published as part of Matsuda, Shayle B. & Gosliner, Terrence M., 2018, Glossing over cryptic species: Descriptions of four new species of Glossodoris and three new species of Doriprismatica (Nudibranchia: Chromodorididae), pp. 501-529 in Zootaxa 4444 (5) on pages 521-523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4444.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/143722
Glossodoris acosti Matsuda & Gosliner 2018, sp. nov.
No full textGlossodoris acosti Matsuda and Gosliner, sp. nov. Figures (2E, 6C, D, 8E, F, 9A–E) Glossodoris cincta (Bergh, 1888), (Rudman 1986 in part, misidentification: 155, figs, 30C, 33B, 35). Glossodoris sp. D Matsuda & Gosliner 2017. Type Material. Holotype: CASIZ-191352, one specimen, dissected, 18 mm preserved, Papua New Guinea, Madang Province, Rempi, coll: D. Uyeno, 20 November 2012, Papua New Guinea Biodiversity Expedition 2012, orig. fixative 95% EtOH. Tissue sample was removed from the foot for DNA sequencing in Matsuda & Gosliner (2017), GenBank: KT600698 (COI). Paratypes: CASIZ- 191109, one specimen, 6 mm preserved, Papua New Guinea, Madang Province, coll: Expedition by vacuum, 10 Nov 2012, Papua New Guinea Biodiversity Expedition 2012, orig. fixative 98% EtOH. Tissue sample was removed from the foot for DNA sequencing in Matsuda & Gosliner (2017). CASIZ-158809, one specimen, dissected, 31 mm preserved, Philippines, Luzon, Batangas Province, Mabini (Calumpan Peninsula), Maricaban Strait, Arthur’s Rock, coll: B. Castillo, 7 May 2001, 10 meters, orig. fixative Bouin’s solution. A tissue sample was removed from the foot for DNA sequencing by Johnson & Gosliner (2012) and the extraction was additionally used in Matsuda & Gosliner (2017). CASIZ-175327, one specimen 42mm preserved, Philippines, Bohol Island, Panglao, Sungcolan Bay, fringe mangrove, sand and seagrass, coll: T.M. Gosliner, Y. Camacho, J. Templado, M. Malaquias, M. Poddubetskaia, 9 June 2004, Panglao Expedition 2004, 1–5 meters, orig. fixative Bouin’s solution or 10% formalin. Etymology. Glossodoris acosti is named after Robert Acosta, a longtime friend and mentor of the first author. Distribution. Specimens identified in Philippines and Papua New Guinea (present study) and possibly Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) (Rudman 1986). External morphology. Glossodoris acosti have an elongate oval mantle that sits high on the well-elevated sides of the body (Fig. 6C, D). The mantle edge consists of small permanent and semi-permanent undulations with a larger fold on both sides at the midpoint of the mantle. The coloration of the mantle and foot range from brick red to brown, which is covered with small white spots that are denser closer to the edge of the mantle giving it a textured appearance. Three marginal bands run along the outer edge of the mantle and foot, the outermost light blue, followed by dark green and then a lighter yellow-green (Fig. 2E). The color bands on the mantle are more intense than on the foot. The gill forms an arch around the anus that opens posterior, and the gills at both ends of the arc curl inwards. The posterior gill branches form two spirals that are found dorsal to the anterior branches. The gill is large and extends all the way to the mantle margins when fully extended. The lamellae are covered in small white spots with dark colored tips, and while the majority are forked, some are not. In one specimen, the lamellae at the middle of the arc had a notably long fork. The base of the rhinophores are the same color as the mantle that become increasingly whiter approaching the dark tips. The genital pore is located on the right side of the body below the mantle and posterior to the rhinophores. Internal morphology. Radular structure (Fig. 9A–E). The radular ribbon is long and wide (Fig. 9D) (radular formula for an 18 mm preserved specimen CASIZ-191352 is approximately 106 x 65.1.65). The rachidian tooth (Fig. 9A) is two-thirds of the length of the first lateral tooth and narrows to a dull point. The first lateral tooth has a long central cusp with six well-defined small denticles on each side of the tooth. The inner edges of the first laterals have a thicker ridge behind the denticles. The cusps of the inner laterals are slightly longer and there are approximately 12–15 denticles only on the outer edge. The mid-laterals (Fig. 9B) have a more pronounced peen than the inner teeth, and have 8–10 denticles on the outer edge. The outer laterals (Fig. 9C) are reduced with a shorter central cusp, a reduced peen, and only small indentations where the denticles are on the inner and midlaterals. The outer three teeth entirely lack any trace of denticles. The jaw rodlets have a unicuspid tip and are slightly curved (Fig. 9E). Reproductive system (Fig. 8E, F). The vagina is very long and folded and the bursa copulatrix is of comparable size to the receptaculum seminis sac. The bursa and receptaculum have a common insertion. The penial sac is long and twisted and wraps around the more distal part of the penis. The muscular vas deferens and glandular prostatic portion are also highly convoluted. Remarks. The color pattern is distinctly different than G. bonwanga and G. andersonae, however closely resembles that of G. sp. cf. cincta. In G. bonwanga, there are only two marginal bands of color (outer black and inner yellow) compared to the three bands of G. acosti (outer light blue, middle dark green and outer yellowish green). Similarly, G. andersonae has a white to light blue outer band, followed by a middle band of dark blue and a yellowish green band that contains numerous opaque white markings. There appear to be subtle, but consistent differences in the external morphology between G. acosti and G. sp. cf. cincta. In G. acosti, the marginal bands are much wider and more subdued than in G. sp. cf. cincta. When fully extended, the gill of G. acosti is much larger (extending to the outer margins of the mantle) and has two distinct spirals found above the lower gill branches (Fig. 6D), whereas the gill of G. sp. cf. cincta is smaller and has all branches at one level. Glossodoris acosti closely matches the description of Rudman’s (1986) Philippines-Indonesia color group. This is especially evident in the light blue mantle band noted in Rudman’s Philippines specimen (Fig. 5). It also shares similarities to Rudman’s (1986: figs. 33B, 35) Christmas Island specimen in its reproductive system structure and radular morphology. The radula in G. acosti and G. sp. cf. cincta are also very similar, however the rachidian tooth in G. acosti (Fig. 9A) is less pointed than in G. sp. cf. cincta (Fig. 9F) and lacks the bulbous swelling below the apex. The outer laterals in G. acosti have faint indentations where the denticles would be, whereas in G. sp. cf. cincta the outer denticles are completely smooth in the Philippines and Papua New Guinea specimens, although the Madagascar specimen has well-defined denticles all the way to the edge. Further study is needed to determine the range of variation of these radular characters. The vagina of G. acosti is very long and convoluted, which is similar to G. bonwanga, however it is significantly longer than in G. andersonae and G. sp. cf. cincta. Similarly, the penial papilla of G. acosti (Fig. 8E, F) is elongate and twists around the distal portion of the penis, where as it is much shorter and evenly curved in G. sp. cf. cincta (Fig. 8G, I). The ABGD analysis clearly separates G. acosti from other members of the G. cincta clade. The intraspecific pdistances are less than or equal to 2, and interspecific p-distances Ž7 (Matsuda & Gosliner 2017) (Fig. 5).Published as part of Matsuda, Shayle B. & Gosliner, Terrence M., 2018, Glossing over cryptic species: Descriptions of four new species of Glossodoris and three new species of Doriprismatica (Nudibranchia: Chromodorididae), pp. 501-529 in Zootaxa 4444 (5) on pages 513-515, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4444.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/143722
Letter from T. Ando to The Dominguez Estate Company,
No full textRequesting a current address for Mr. M. Matsuda. For reply see item csudh_rsp_030
Letter from Dominguez Estate Company to Mr. M. Matsuda, April 13, 1933
No full textNotifies Matsuda of two bounced checks on land lease payments. Hand is representing the Dominguez Estate Company
Glossodoris andersonae Matsuda & Gosliner 2018, sp. nov.
No full textGlossodoris andersonae Matsuda & Gosliner sp. nov. Figures (2D, 6B, 7E–I, 8C, D) Glossodoris sp. 1 Gosliner et al. 2015: 235, upper right photo. Glossodoris sp. C Matsuda & Gosliner 2017. Type material. Holotype: CASIZ-192288, one specimen, dissected, 12 mm preserved, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, “ Abu Lad ” [Abulad Islands], coll: T.M. Gosliner, 10 Mar 2013, Red Sea Biodiversity Cruise 2013, 7 meters, orig. fixative 95% EtOH. A tissue sample from the foot was taken for molecular analyses (Matsuda & Gosliner 2017), GenBank: KT600694. No other specimens from this location have been collected at this time. Etymology. Glossodoris andersonae is named after Jennifer Anderson, retired lecturer in the Environmental Studies Department at the University of California Santa Cruz, who is a longtime friend and mentor of the first author. Distribution. Known only from the Saudi Arabian Red Sea (Gosliner et al. 2015; present study). External morphology. Glossodoris andersonae has an elongate oval mantle that is elevated from the sides of the body above the foot (Fig. 6B). The mantle and foot are both a rust-orange color covered almost entirely with white blotches that become denser towards the outer edge, giving it a textured appearance. The mantle edge is characterized by a series of small permanent and semi-permanent undulations with a pair of large permanent folds midway on the mantle that correspond to the only location where the thick white splotching crosses over the top of the mantle. There are three marginal mantle bands; the outermost is a thin white, followed by a navy blue and then greenish-yellow that contains irregular opaque white spots (Fig. 2D). These same colors similarly border the base of the foot though appear slightly less intense. The gill sits on the posterior third of the body and forms a semicircle around the anus. The approximately 19 unipinnate gill branches curve inwards at both ends into small spirals where the branches are shorter. Each branch has a single tip and shares the same color pattern as the mantle at the base, with the white spots becoming denser towards the dark blue-green tips. The rhinophores have approximately 18 lamellae and are almost entirely covered in soft white spots with a few darker spots around the base and the tips. Most notable are two dark blackish-blue circles with a diameter approximately double that of the rhinophores on the mantle directly behind each rhinophore. The genital pore is located on the right side of the body just under the mantle skirt posterior to the rhinophores. Internal anatomy. Radula (Figs. 7E–I). The radular ribbon is long and wide (Fig. 7H) (12 mm preserved specimen, with a formula of 88 x 68.1.68). The rachidian tooth (Fig. 7E) is approximately two-thirds the length of the adjacent lateral teeth, and each rachidian tooth ends in a narrow but blunt tip. The first lateral tooth is long, curved and narrow with nine well-defined denticles on the outer edge and five distinct denticles on the inner face. The denticles are small and do not protrude out from the main body of the tooth. The inner and mid-laterals (Fig. 7F) have well defined denticles on the outer edge (~11 and ~12–14 respectively), and a well-defined peen. The outer laterals (Fig. 7G) are reduced in size, have no peen, however retain their denticles, though reduced, until almost the very edge. The jaws contain densely packed unicuspid, curved rodlets (Fig. 7I). Reproductive system (Fig. 8C, D). The bursa copulatrix is almost double the size of the receptaculum seminis, and the receptaculum duct itself is short. The penial bulb is long and convoluted, leading to the vas deferens and the prostate gland, which are both long and folded. The ampulla and prostate gland do not join before entering the albumen gland. Remarks. Glossodoris andersonae shares similarities in color pattern with some members of the Glossodoris cincta clade. Rudman (1986) did not specifically mention any Red Sea specimens as belonging to the Glossodoris cincta color group. However, he did list two species documented from the Red Sea as synonyms of G. cincta: Casella foxi (O’Donoghue 1929) and a species identified as Casella obsoleta (Rüppell & Leuckart 1828) by Gohar & Soliman (1967). The specimen they illustrated is clearly distinct from Doris obsoleta Rüppell & Leuckart, 1928, which has orange and black marginal bands, is currently classified as a species of Goniobranchus (Gosliner et al. 2015). Casella foxi, based on its radula teeth with small denticles and permanently undulating mantle margin, is most likely a Glossodori s as is the species misidentified by Gohar & Soliman. However, both of these species differ from G. andersonae, described here in having an outer yellow (yellowish green in “ Casella obsoleta ”) marginal band that is followed by a middle cobalt blue band and a second band of yellow. In G. andersonae, the outer band is white to blue, followed by a dark blue to black band and greenish yellow band with numerous opaque white spots. The colored bands that surround the mantle are distinctive, as are the dark blackish-blue spots behind the rhinophores. The white blotches covering the mantle and foot are more textured and dense than in other members of the G. cincta clade. In G. foxi and “ Casella obsoleta ” the gill branches are held erectly away from the body surface whereas they are curved inward in G. andersonae and are appressed against the mantle surface. The rachidian teeth in G. andersonae are almost two thirds the height of the adjacent laterals, have a broad base and a narrower outer portion, whereas they are much shorter and more uniformly triangular in G. foxi and “ Casella obsoleta ”. The rachidian tooth is elongate but rounded apically in G. andersonae, a trait that separates it from G. bonwanga, and G. sp. cf. cincta, which have acutely pointed apices, and G. acosti, which is blunt. Glossodoris andersonae has a much shorter vagina than G. bonwanga and G. acosti and only slightly shorter than G. sp. cf. cincta. Molecular and morphological data support this as independent and distinct (Matsuda & Gosliner 2017). A pdistance>9% separates G. andersonae from the other closely related species (Matsuda & Gosliner 2017) and the ABGD analysis from this study clearly differentiates this as a distinct species (Fig. 5).Published as part of Matsuda, Shayle B. & Gosliner, Terrence M., 2018, Glossing over cryptic species: Descriptions of four new species of Glossodoris and three new species of Doriprismatica (Nudibranchia: Chromodorididae), pp. 501-529 in Zootaxa 4444 (5) on pages 511-513, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4444.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/143722
Letter from Geo. [George] H. Hand, Chief Engineer, Rancho San Pedro to Mr. M. Matsuda, August 1, 1927
No full textNotifies Matsuda of lease agreement ready for his signature
Highly diastereoselective Heck–Matsuda reaction with pyrazolyl diazonium salts
No full textThe Heck–Matsuda (HM) reaction is a powerful synthetic approach
cut out for C–C bonds formation under mild conditions. We
demonstrated that pyrazolyl diazonium salts are suitable reagents
in this protocol, allowing us to deliver highly substituted cyclopentenols and cyclopentenamines with an excellent degree of
diastereoselectivity and a control of enantioselectivit
Glossodoris buko Matsuda & Gosliner 2018, sp. nov.
No full textGlossodoris buko, Matsuda & Gosliner sp. nov. Figures (1A–C, 2A, 3A–E, 4C–D) Glossodoris pallida (Rüppell & Leuckart 1830), misidentification, Rudman 1990: figs. 9c, 10e–f; Gosliner et al. 2008: 240, third photo; Turner & Wilson 2008; Gosliner et al. 2015: 237, upper right photo. Glossodoris xantholeuca Ehrenberg 1831: 92; Rudman 1984. Glossodoris sp. A Matsuda & Gosliner 2017. Type Material. Holotype: CASIZ-223284 (ex CASIZ- 191102 B) 4 mm preserved, Papua New Guinea, Madang Province, Bilbil Island, coll: V. Knutson, 10 November 2012, orig. fixative 95% EtOH, GenBank: KT600713 (COI). Paratypes: CASIZ- 191102 A, 13 specimens,1 dissected, 3–8 mm, same collection data as holotype. CASIZ- 0 86381, 6 specimens, 1 dissected, 6.5–11 mm, Papua New Guinea, North Coast, North of Madang, approx. 1 km South of Cape Croisilles, South side of The Quarry, coll: T.M. Gosliner, 13 June 1992, orig. fixative Bouin’s solution. CASIZ-181594, one specimen 6 mm preserved, Philippines, Bohol Island, Panglao, Pontog Lagoon I, reef wall with small caves, coll: T.M. Gosliner, Y. Camacho, J. Templado, M. Malaquias, M. Poddubetskaia, 2 Jul 2004, Panglao Expedition 2004, 17–25 meters, orig. fixative 95% EtOH. CASIZ-177264, one specimen, Philippines, Luzon Island, Batangas Province, Tingloy, Caban Island, Layaglayag, coll: T. Gosliner, A. Valdés, M. Pola, L. Witzel, B. Moore, A. Alejandrino, 16 Mar 2008. Comparative material of Glossodoris pallida (Figs. 1D–1E): CASIZ-173393, one specimen, dissected, 9 mm preserved, Madagascar, Iles Radama, Nosy Valiha, W of Nosy Valiha, coll: T.M. Gosliner, 20 Oct 2005, 12– 13 m, orig. fixative Bouin’s solution. CASIZ-173395, one specimen, dissected, 9 mm preserved, Madagascar, Iles Radama, Nosy Kalakajoro, West of Nosy Kalakajoro and Nosy Beratia, coll: T.M. Gosliner, 19 Oct 2005, 13– 15 m, orig. fixative Bouin’s solution. CASIZ-176997, one specimen, 14.5 mm preserved, Mozambique, Inhambane Province, Jangamo, Pandane Beach, coll: M. Pola and J. Reis, 6 Feb 2008, 1.5 meters, orig. fixative 95% EtOH. CASIZ-175548, one specimen 4 mm preserved (large portion missing from tissue sample), Madagascar, Iles Radama, Nosy Kalakajoro, coll: S. Fahey and T. M. Gosliner, 13 Oct 2005, CAS-WCS Radama Islands Expedition, 15-20 meters, orig. fixative 95% EtOH. CASIZ-194338, one specimen, dissected, 6 mm preserved, Madagascar, South Madagascar, “Pointe Evatra, crique fond rocheux et gazon d’algues”, coll. South Madagascar Expedition, 30 Apr 2006 – May 2010, 3–8 meters, orig. fixative 95% EtOH. CASIZ-175554, one specimen, dissected, 2 mm preserved, Madagascar, Iles Radama, Nosy Faly, NW of Nosy Faly, coll: S. Fahey and T.M. Gosliner, CAS-WCS Radama Islands Expedition, 13–16 meters, orig. fixative 95% EtOH. Etymology. The name Glossodoris buko comes from buko (young coconut) owing to the resemblance of this species to the cream-colored coconut meat from the Philippines, where this species is found. Geographical Distribution. Specimens identified by Matsuda & Gosliner (2017) range from the Philippines to Papua New Guinea and Australia (Turner & Wilson 2008). External Morphology. Glossodoris buko has a long and slender body that is transparent white in color (Fig. 1A–C). There is an opaque white band that starts anteriorly on the mantle, narrows between the rhinophores and then widens again and narrows between the two major folds in the middle of the mantle, and ends circling the gills (Fig. 2A). In most specimens, the band is continuous, however there was a break in the band posterior to the rhinophores in some. A white opaque band runs the length of the foot on both sides and connects posteriorly. The mantle edge is rippled with the semi-permanent undulations that are characteristic of all Glossodoris. One primary pair of undulations midway on the mantle is identifiable by an indentation of the white dorsal band. A thin, light yellow marginal band runs the length of the outer edge of the mantle and opaque white mantle dermal formations that appear as a thick white band that lies partly under the yellow band. The degree and number of the smaller semi-permanent undulations varies between individuals, but larger specimens have more pronounced undulations. A yellow band borders the foot, however no white band is visible due to the absence of mantle dermal formations. The rhinophores are elongate and conical with 11–12 lamellae. The bases of the rhinophores are white and the tips are yellow. The gill forms a semicircle surrounding the anus opening posteriorly, consisting of approximately 5–8 unipinnate branches. The lamellae are white with yellow tips and are shorter at the ends of the arc. The genital pore is located on the right side of the body below the mantle and behind the rhinophores. Internal Anatomy. Radula and buccal armature (Fig. 3A–E). The radular ribbon (Fig. 3E) is short and wide with a radula formula for a preserved specimen of 3 mm of approximately 28 x 14.1.14 (CASIZ- 191102 A) and 13.1.13 for a 6.5 mm preserved specimen (CASIZ-086381). The rachidian tooth (Fig. 3A) is very reduced and quasi-triangular. The first lateral tooth is almost bilaterally symmetrical. It is wide and has a relatively short triangular pointed central cusp. There are approximately five well-defined denticles, each about half the length of the central cusp, that point down and outward on the inner and outer sides of the central cusp. The mid-lateral teeth (Fig. 3B) are longer and have a shorter central cusp with approximately 6–8 loosely packed and well defined denticles solely on the outer edge. Unlike the first lateral, the central cusp on the mid-laterals is almost indistinguishable from the denticles next to it. The denticles in the mid-laterals are almost indistinguishable in size and shape from the central cusp, and maintain this shape and their size integrity to the edge of the ribbon (Fig. 3C). The jaw rodlets are short and well-spaced with distinct gaps between rodlets. They are predominantly bifid (Fig. 3D) with a few trifid rodlets. The ventral side of the buccal mass has a glandular sheath covering the oral tube that contains numerous densely packed white opaque glands (Fig. 4D). Reproductive system (Fig. 4C). The penial bulb is long and folded and leads to a coiled vas deferens followed by an approximately equal in length prostate gland. The receptaculum seminis duct and the vagina are relatively short. The receptaculum seminis is slightly smaller than the bursa copulatrix, and they are found adjacent to each other rather than being aligned linearly. Remarks. At first glance, G. buko and G. pallida could be easily confused, as there are few external morphological differences (Fig. 1; Rudman 1984: fig 1b; Gosliner et al. 2015: 237, upper right fig.; Matsuda & Gosliner 2017: fig. 1). The holotype of G. pallida was collected from the Red Sea and subsequently examined by Rudman (1984) together with a specimen from Tanzania. Both specimens share the same color pattern, radular structure and reproductive system morphology as the five specimens of G. pallida we comparatively examined here from Madagascar and Mozambique (Figs. 1D–F, 3F–J). In Rudman’s (1990) G. pallida description, he noted that specimens from East Australia have yellow gills and rhinophores, which are consistent with G. buko, whereas his Tanzania and Sudan specimens, the rhinophores and gills are white. However, he further remarks that yellow tips were reported from specimens in the Red Sea and Reunion Island, indicating that yellow tips may not be a consistent identifier for G. buko. The rhinophores and gills of our G. pallida specimens from Madagascar and Mozambique all have frosted yellow tips, although the yellow is not as bright as in the G. buko specimens. The most striking differences between the two species are found in the radula, jaws and buccal mass. The radular ribbon of G. pallida (Fig. 3J) is elongate (~ 85 x 23.1.23 CASIZ-173395), whereas it is short and squat in G. buko (Fig. 3E) (~ 28 x 14.1.14) for specimens of comparable size. This is confirmed in Rudman’s G. pallida specimen from the Red Sea (type locality), which has a radular formula of 108(+4) x 39.1.39 (15 mm specimen alive) and 23.1.23 for his Australian specimen (9 mm preserved) (Rudman 1984), and while no length was reported, the number of lateral teeth and presence of a rachidian tooth suggest that this specimen is likely G. buko. Glossodoris pallida has a more prominent and pointed rachidian tooth (Fig. 3F), whereas the rachidians are significantly reduced and amorphous in G. buko. There are also significant dissimilarities in the lateral teeth. The East African G. pallida specimens examined here share the same lateral tooth structure as Rudman’s Red Sea specimen (1984), with a long narrow hook-shaped central cusp with well-defined short denticles resting flat against the outer edge (Fig. 3G, H). Glossodoris buko has a lateral tooth that is broad and concave with a central cusp that is almost indistinguishable from the denticles in size and shape that shares no similarities with G. pallida. These differences are also visible in the jaw. Glossodoris pallida’ s rodlets are long, curved, and tightly packed with bifid tips where one of the points protrudes from slightly below the adjacent rodlet (Fig. 3I). Glossodoris buko has short and loosely packed rodlets that are less consistent in shape (Fig. 3D). Finally, the large glandular sheath on the ventral side of the buccal mass in G. buko (Fig. 4D) is not present in G. pallida (Fig. 4B). The reproductive system appears similar to the description by Rudman (1983) for G. pallida from Tanzania and the Red Sea and examined here from Madagascar (Fig. 4A). The only noteworthy distinction in the reproductive systems of the two species is that the ejaculatory portion of the vas deferens of G. pallida (Fig. 4A) contains many more convolutions than does that of G. buko (Fig. 4C). Glossodoris buko is distinct from G. pallida in both internal morphology as shown here, and based on molecular analyses (Matsuda & Gosliner 2017). This distinction is also maintained geographically. Glossodoris pallida has only been recorded off the coast of eastern Africa and the Red Sea, and G. buko is solely from the western Pacific. Matsuda & Gosliner’s (2017) phylogeny of Glossodoris provides support for the splitting of the previously hypothesized Glossodoris pallida into two distinct species. This is further supported through p-distance values (Matsuda & Gosliner 2017). Within G. buko, a grade and one clade are supported (a grade from the Philippines and a clade from Australia and Papua New Guinea). However, there were no observed morphological differences and only a 5–6% p-distance between them and these were not recovered as distinct lineages in the ABGD analysis conducted by Matsuda and Gosliner (Fig. 5). This strongly supports that the western Pacific specimens represent a single species distinct from the Indian Ocean specimens (Matsuda & Gosliner 2017).Published as part of Matsuda, Shayle B. & Gosliner, Terrence M., 2018, Glossing over cryptic species: Descriptions of four new species of Glossodoris and three new species of Doriprismatica (Nudibranchia: Chromodorididae), pp. 501-529 in Zootaxa 4444 (5) on pages 503-508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4444.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/143722
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