163 research outputs found
Low Temperature Physics V. 29, I. 03
No full textLow Temperature Physics -- March 2003
Volume 29, Issue 3, pp. 163-273
Electronically induced phenomena: low temperature aspects (Preface)
P. Feulner and E. Savchenko
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Particle transport phenomena in low-temperature solids (Review)
M. Bargheer and N. Schwentner
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Coherent motion and anomalous transport properties of exciton and hole polarons with intrinsic vibrational structure
A. M. Ratner
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Excess electron transport in cryoobjects
D. G. Eshchenko, V. G. Storchak, J. H. Brewer, S. P. Cottrell, and S. F. J. Cox
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Low-temperature electron transport on semiconductor surfaces
M. Lastapis, D. Riedel, A. Mayne, K. Bobrov, and G. Dujardin
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Reactions induced by low energy electrons in cryogenic films (Review)
A. D. Bass and L. Sanche
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Effects of electron irradiation on structure and bonding of SF6 on Ru(0001)
N. S. Faradzhev, D. O. Kusmierek, B. V. Yakshinskiy, and T. E. Madey
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Soft landing of size-selected clusters in rare gas matrices
J. T. Lau, W. Wurth, H.-U. Ehrke, and A. Achleitner
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Element-specific and site-specific ion desorption from adsorbed molecules by deep core-level photoexcitation at the K-edges
Y. Baba
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Ion desorption from molecules condensed at low temperature: A study with electron-ion coincidence spectroscopy combined with synchrotron radiation (Review)
Kazuhiko Mase, Mitsuru Nagasono, Shin-ichiro Tanaka, Tetsuji Sekitani, and Shin-ichi Nagaoka
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Absolute yields of the exciton-induced desorption at the surface of solid rare gases
I. Arakawa, T. Adachi, T. Hirayama, and M. Sakurai
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Biexcitons in solid neon
P. Wiethoff, B. Kassühlke, D. Menzel, and P. Feulner
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Exciton-induced lattice defect formation
E. V. Savchenko, A. N. Ogurtsov, and G. Zimmerer
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Capital Shallowness: A Problem for New Zealand?
No full textThere is now substantial evidence that New Zealand’s overall rate of economic growth relative to Australia’s has been lower in part because of lower levels and slower growth in our labour productivity. This then requires us to explore why the labour productivity is lower in New Zealand. This paper explores the extent to which a lower level of capital per hour worked (or lower capital intensity) is associated with less output per hour worked in New Zealand. We find that the capital intensity in New Zealand has not been increasing as fast as in Australia for nearly 25 years. Between 1995 and 2002, lower capital intensity explains 70 percent of the difference in output per hour worked. Whereas the cost of labour relative to capital has been rising in Australia, it has fallen by 20 percent in New Zealand between 1987 and 2002. The relative price of labour to capital in New Zealand fell to 60 percent of the Australian value in 2002 after being comparable in the late 1980’s. It is to be expected that New Zealand enterprises would therefore tend to adopt less capital intensive production methods. Differences in capital intensity could also have arisen because the underlying production technologies are different even if the relative prices of labour and capital in the two economies had been similar. We explore this issue and find a similar response of capital intensity to changes in the wage rate relative to the return on capital for the economies as a whole. However when we exclude the mining sector we find that the responsiveness in New Zealand is about one half that of Australia. Whether there are impediments or greater uncertainty in New Zealand that limit the ability of firms to respond to economic signals as much as their Australian counterparts remain as possible explanations requiring further investigation.New Zealand; Australia; Capital-labour ratios; relative factor prices
The Quality of the Legal System and Labor Market Performance around the World
No full textUsing data on 75 countries for six years in the period 1995 to 2003, this paper analyzes empirically whether and to what extent the quality of the legal system affects the performance of the labor market. According to the regression results, a legal system characterized by a dependent judiciary, biased courts, a lack of intellectual property protection and a lack of integrity increases unemployment and lowers the employment level. The magnitude of the effect seems to be substantial, particularly among young people.unemployment; employment; rule of law; legal system
Genomics of Divergence along a Continuum of Parapatric Population Differentiation
No full textMM received funding from the Max Planck innovation funds for this project. PGDF was supported by a Marie Curie European Reintegration Grant (proposal nr 270891). CE was supported by German Science Foundation grants (DFG, EI 841/4-1 and EI 841/6-1)
The 'London Glossary' (London, British Library: C38.b.47, fols. [1-6]): a late 17th century Lithuanian-English glossary
No full textBritų bibliotekoje Londone retų lietuviškų knygų kolekcijoje yra saugomas vienintelis žinomas anoniminio kalvinistų katekizmo „PRADZIA PAMOKSLA Del Mazu Weykialu [...] Karalauciuy / Drukawoia REISNERA TEWAYNIEY. MEATU M. DC. LXXX“ egzempliorius (šifras – C.38.b.47). Tai yra 8° formato 40 puslapių spausdinta knyga, kurios pradžioje yra įrištas 6 lapų rankraštinis lietuvių-anglų glosarijus. Nėra žinoma, kaip šis kalvinistų katekizmas iš Karaliaučiaus nukeliavo į Angliją, galima tik spėti, kad tai įvyko neilgai trukus po leidinio išspausdinimo 1680 metais. Taip pat tiksliai nežinoma, kur ir kada anoniminis kalvinistų katekizmas tapo garsaus gamtininko, kolekcininko, Britų muziejaus steigėjo pono Hanso Sloane`o (1660–1753) nuosavybe. Spėtina, kad Sloene`as įsigijo katekizmą apie 1689–1725 metus. Egzemplioriuje aptiktas tik Sloane`o bibliotekos šifras, ankstesni knygos savininkai, atrodo, nepaliko jokių ženklų. Rankraštinis glosarijus, Alfonso Laučkos taikliai pavadintas tiesiog „Londono glosarijumi“, Sloene`o įsigytas kartu su katekizmu. Kadangi rankraštis naujai įrištas 1932 metais, originalaus įrišimo ir lapų matmenų duomenys dabar yra nežinomi. Glosarijus yra parašytas rašalu, visas viena ranka, tačiau jo autorius nežinomas. Remiantis anglų kalbos rašybos ypatybėmis, rankraštis datuojamas XVII amžiaus pabaiga. Glosarijaus rankraštis niekada nebuvo publikuotas, taigi tai yra pirmoji „Londono glosarijaus“ publikacija ir kritinis teksto vertinimas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Glosos; Istorinė leksikografija; Kalvinistų katekizmas; Kritinis teksto leidimas; Rankraštinis lietuvių anglų kalbų glosarijus; Senoji lietuvių kalba; Tekstologinė analizė; „Londono žodynėlis“; A handwritten Lithuanian-English glossary; Calvinistic Catechism; Critical evaluation of the text; Glosses; Historical lexicography; Lithuanian; London Glossary, textual analysis; Old LithuanianAmong the collection of rare Lithuanian books at the British Library in London is the only known copy of the anonymous Calvinist catechism PRADZIA PAMOKSLA Del Mazu Weykialu Karalauciuy / Drukawoia REISNERA TEWAYNIEY. MEATU M. DC. LXXX (shelf marked C.38.b.47). This octavo contains 40 printed pages, which are preceded by a mounted six-page handwritten Lithuanian-English glossary. It is not known how this Calvinist catechism reached England from Königsberg; one can only deduce that this happened shortly after the publication was printed in 1680. It is also not precisely known when and where the anonymous Calvinist catechism became the property of Sir Hans Sloane (1660-1753), the famous naturalist, collector and founding father of the British Museum. It is surmised that Sloane acquired the catechism somewhere between 1689 and 1725. Only Sloane’s library pressmark was found in the exemplar; it seems that previous owners of the book did not leave any marks. The handwritten glossary, so aptly dubbed the ‘London Glossary’ by Alfonsas Laučka, was already bound to the catechism when it was acquired by Sloane. As the manuscript was re-bound in 1932, details of the original measurements and binding are now unknown. The glossary is written in ink, all in one hand, but the author is unknown. Based on specific features of English orthography, the manuscript is dated to the end of the 17th century. The manuscript of the glossary was never published, so this is the first publication of the ‘London Glossary’ and critical evaluation of the text
New experimental perspectives for soft x-ray absorption spectroscopies at ultra-low temperatures below 50 mK and in high magnetic fields up to 7 T
No full textA new ultra-low temperature experiment including a superconducting vector magnet has been developed for soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments at third generation synchrotron light sources. The sample is cooled below 50 mK by a cryogen free 3He-4He dilution refrigerator. At the same time, magnetic fields of up to ±7 T in the horizontal direction and ±0.5 T in the vertical direction can be applied by a superconducting vector magnet. The setup allows to study ex situ and in situ prepared samples, offered by an attached UHV preparation chamber with load lock. The transfer of the prepared samples between the preparation section and the dilution refrigerator is carried out under cryogenic temperatures. First commissioning studies have been carried out at the Variable Polarization XUV Beamline P04 at PETRA III and the influence of the incident photon beam to the sample temperature has been studied
Environment and self-regulation in galaxy formation
No full textThe environment is known to affect the formation and evolution of galaxies considerably best visible through the well-known morphology–density relationship. It is less clear, though, whether the environment is equally important at a given galaxy morphology. In this paper, we study the effect of environment on the evolution of early-type galaxies as imprinted in the fossil record by analysing the stellar population properties of 3360 galaxies morphologically selected by visual inspection from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in a narrow redshift range ( 0.05 ≤z≤ 0.06 ). The morphological selection algorithm is critical, as it does not bias against recent star formation. We find that the distribution of ages is bimodal with a strong peak at old ages and a secondary peak at young ages around ∼2.5 Gyr containing about 10 per cent of the objects. This is an analogue to 'red sequence' and 'blue cloud' identified in galaxy populations usually containing both early- and late-type galaxies. The fraction of the young, rejuvenated galaxies increases with both decreasing galaxy mass and decreasing environmental density up to about 45 per cent, which implies that the impact of environment increases with decreasing galaxy mass. The rejuvenated galaxies have lower α/Fe ratios than the average and most of them show signs of ongoing star formation through their emission line spectra. All objects that host active galactic nuclei in their centres without star formation are part of the red sequence population. We confirm and statistically strengthen earlier results that luminosity weighted ages, metallicities and α/Fe element ratios of the red sequence population correlate well with velocity dispersion and galaxy mass. Most interestingly, however, these scaling relations are not sensitive to environmental densities and are only driven by galaxy mass. We infer that early-type galaxy formation has undergone a phase transition a few billion years ago around z∼ 0.2 . A self-regulated formation phase without environmental dependence has recently been superseded by a rejuvenation phase, in which the environment plays a decisive role possibly through galaxy mergers and interactions
Use of domesticated pigs by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in northwestern Europe
No full textAcknowledgements We thank the Archaeological State Museum Schleswig-Holstein, the Archaeological State Offices of Brandenburg, Lower Saxony and Saxony and the following individuals who provided sample material: Betty Arndt, Jo¨rg Ewersen, Frederick Feulner, Susanne Hanik, Ru¨diger Krause, Jochen Reinhard, Uwe Reuter, Karl-Heinz Ro¨hrig, Maguerita Scha¨fer, Jo¨rg Schibler, Reinhold Schoon, Regina Smolnik, Thomas Terberger and Ingrid Ulbricht. We are grateful to Ulrich Schmo¨lcke, Michael Forster, Peter Forster and Aikaterini Glykou for their support and comments on the manuscript. We also thank many institutions and individuals that provided sample material and access to collections, especially the curators of the Museum fu¨r Naturkunde, Berlin; Muse´um National d0 Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C.; Zoologische Staatssammlung, Mu¨nchen; Museum fu¨r Haustierkunde, Halle; the American Museum of Natural History, New-York. This work was funded by the Graduate School ‘Human Development in Landscapes’ at Kiel University (CAU) and supported by NERC project Grant NE/F003382/1. Radiocarbon dating was carried out at the Leibniz Laboratory, CAU. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.Peer reviewe
Stellar masses of SDSS-III BOSS galaxies at z~0.5 and constraints to galaxy formation models
No full textWe calculate stellar masses for ∼400 000 massive luminous galaxies at redshift ∼0.2–0.7 using the first two years of data from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). Stellar masses are obtained by fitting model spectral energy distributions to u, g, r, i, z magnitudes, and simulations with mock galaxies are used to understand how well the templates recover the stellar mass. Accurate BOSS spectroscopic redshifts are used to constrain the fits. We find that the distribution of stellar masses in BOSS is narrow (Δlog M ∼ 0.5 dex) and peaks at about log M/M⊙ ∼ 11.3 (for a Kroupa initial stellar mass function), and that the mass sampling is uniform over the redshift range 0.2–0.6, in agreement with the intended BOSS target selection. The galaxy masses probed by BOSS extend over ∼1012 M⊙, providing unprecedented measurements of the high-mass end of the galaxy mass function. We find that the galaxy number density above ∼2.5 × 1011 M⊙ agrees with previous determinations. We perform a comparison with semi-analytic galaxy formation models tailored to the BOSS target selection and volume, in order to contain incompleteness. The abundance of massive galaxies in the models compare fairly well with the BOSS data, but the models lack galaxies at the massive end. Moreover, no evolution with redshift is detected from ∼0.6 to 0.4 in the data, whereas the abundance of massive galaxies in the models increases to redshift zero. Additionally, BOSS data display colour–magnitude (mass) relations similar to those found in the local Universe, where the most massive galaxies are the reddest. On the other hand, the model colours do not display a dependence on stellar mass, span a narrower range and are typically bluer than the observations. We argue that the lack of a colour–mass relation for massive galaxies in the models is mostly due to metallicity, which is too low in the models
Direct detection of the Th nuclear clock transition
No full textToday’s most precise time and frequency measurements are performed with optical atomic clocks. However, it has been proposed that they could potentially be outperformed by a nuclear clock, which employs a nuclear transition instead of an atomic shell transition. There is only one known nuclear state that could serve as a nuclear clock using currently available technology, namely, the isomeric first excited state of 229Th (denoted 229mTh). Here we report the direct detection of this nuclear state, which is further confirmation of the existence of the isomer and lays the foundation for precise studies of its decay parameters. On the basis of this direct detection, the isomeric energy is constrained to between 6.3 and 18.3 electronvolts, and the half-life is found to be longer than 60 seconds for 229mTh2+. More precise determinations appear to be within reach, and would pave the way to the development of a nuclear frequency standard.sponsorship: We acknowledge discussions with D. Habs, T. W. Hänsch, T. Udem, T. Lamour, J. Weitenberg, A. Ozawa, E. Peters, J. Schreiber, P. Hilz, T. Schumm, S. Stellmer, F. Allegretti, P. Feulner, J. Crespo, M. Schwarz, L. Schmöger, P. Micke, C. Weber, P. Bolton and K. Parodi. We thank T. Lauer for the Ti sputtering of the Si wafers and the MPQ for the temporary loan of the MCP detector. We thank I. Cortrie, L. Black and J. Soll for graphic design support. This work was supported by DFG (Th956/3-1), by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement 664732 “nuClock” and by the LMU department of Medical Physics via the Maier-Leibnitz Laboratory.status: Publishe
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