556 research outputs found
Kaspar T. Locher, 1920-98
No full texthttps://rdc.reed.edu/v1/resources/08b0482d-94a7-4710-a89e-f5e22a274bfa/thumb/128.jpgObituary and tribute for Locher, a professor of German and humanities for nearly 50 year
"Can I Be at Risk of Getting AIDS?" A Linguistic Analysis of Two Internet Columns on Sexual Health
No full textRecent global statistics highlight that, out of all new cases of HIV infection, 45% are diagnosed in young people (UNAIDS 2008). Despite a range of new initiatives aimed at increasing young people's knowledge of HIV at the beginning of the first decade of the twenty-first century (UNAIDS 2001), latest figures highlight that such initiatives have not been wholly successful in preventing new infection in young people (UNAIDS 2011). In light of this, the language patterns that young people use when seeking information about HIV/AIDS are investigated. Our focus in particular is on computer-mediated-communication, a relatively under-researched area in the sphere of health communication. Building on previous research (Locher 2006, 2010; Harvey et al. 2008; Harvey 2013), we examine one UK and one US Internet-based, professional, health advice column as sources of advice-information for young people. Despite numerous established health campaigns, young advice-seekers' questions reflect misinformed conceptions, such as the conflation of HIV and AIDS and confusion as to the way in which the virus can be contracted. Our linguistic research gives access to young people's lay beliefs about sexual health and highlights the need to redress such beliefs, with the aim of improving the effectiveness of health education initiatives. We suggest that computer-mediated communication can be one effective medium through which to assess young people's knowledge about HIV/AIDS, as well as effectively disseminating sexual health advice and information by health care bodies
Relational work, politeness and identity construction
No full textAs social beings we express, communicate, and, ultimately, negotiate our identity through many different channels: one such channel may be the way we dress, another the way we comport ourselves; yet another important channel is the use of language. We can even claim that the way in which we use language plays a crucial role when enhancing, maintaining, and challenging relationships in interpersonal communication. This use of language has variously been termed facework, identity work, relational work or rapport management (cf. Section 3 and 4 for references). This chapter is intended to explain this use by utilizing some of the literature on identity that follows a postmodernist understanding of the concept of identity as “the social positioning of self and other” (Bucholtz and Hall 2005:586). In a ddition, an attempt is made to combine research on the construction of identity by means of language more generally with the linguistic literature that has developed ideas under the keyword politeness. It is shown in this chapter that politeness research can fruitfully be combined with research on identity construction. This line of thought has already been pursued to some extent in the field of gender research (cf. Swann 2000), and also in studies on face and identity more generally (cf. Tracy 1990; Spencer-Oatey 20 07a,b). The chapter thus focuses on the interpersonal side of communication and further intends to explore the links between identity, face, and politeness. It is organized as follows: In section 2, I will discuss the interpersonal and the informational aspect of language. In Section 3, I will move on to link these ideas to identity construction in general. In Section 4, different approaches to politeness will be at the heart of the investigation and will be discussed with identity construction in mind. In Section 5, concluding remarks on the two approaches to interpersonal communication will round off the chapter
[Carmina varia]
No full textper Sebastianum Brant: vernaculo vulgarique sermone & rhythmo pro cunctorum mortalium fatuitatis semitas effugere cupientium directione, speculo, commodoque & salute: proque inertis ignavaeque stulticiae perpetua infamia, execratione, & confutatione, nuper fabricata ; atque iampridem per Iacobum Locher, cognomento Philomusum: Suaevum: in Latinum traducta eloquium ; & per Sebastianum Brant: denuo seduloque revisa: foelici exorditur principio. [Carmina varia] / [Jacob Locher]Impressum von der Titelseite: "1497. Nihil sine causa. Io. de Olpe" und dem Kolophon: "In laudatissima Germaniae urbe Basiliensi, nuper opera & promotione Iohannis Bergman de Olpe anno salutis nostrae millesimoquadringentesimononagesimoseptimo Kalendis Martiis."Mit 117 HolzschnittenV.d.Haegen: erste lat. Originalausg.V.d.Haegen: mit Beigaben von S. Brant und J. LocherSignaturen: a-s⁸, t⁴Originaltitel: Das Narrenschif
Polite behavior within relational work : the discursive approach to politeness
No full textEver since Brown and Levinson’s (1978, 1987) seminal work, politeness research in linguistics has been thriving. It is only in the last couple of years, however, that alternative ways of looking at politeness have been investigated in more detail and have gained more followers. This paper aims at explaining one of these ways - the discursive approach to politeness - and argues for employing the notion of relational work to move away from a dichotomy between politeness and impoliteness. Instead, it is argued that relational work comprises negatively marked behavior (impoliteness/rudeness), positively marked behavior (politeness), as well as nonmarked, politic behavior which is merely appropriate to the interaction in question and not polite as such. The interactants’ assessments of linguistic behavior with respect to norms of appropriateness in social interaction is argued to be at the heart of politeness considerations rather than knowledge of prefabricated inherent linguistic devices. These theoretical considerations are illustrated with a discussion of non-elicited, written data
[Carmina varia]
No full textper Sebastianum Brant: vernaculo vulgarique sermone & rhythmo pro cunctorum mortalium fatuitatis semitas effugere cupientium directione, speculo, commodoque & salute: proque inertis ignavaeque stulticiae perpetua infamia, execratione, & confutatione, nuper fabricata ; atque iampridem per Iacobum Locher, cognomento Philomusum: Suaevum: in Latinum traducta eloquium ; & per Sebastianum Brant: denuo seduloque revisa, nova quadam exactaque emendatione elimata: atque superadditis quibusdam novis, admirandisque fatuorum generibus suppleta: foelici exorditur principio. [Carmina varia] / [Jacob Locher]Impressum vor der Titelseite: "1497. Nihil sine causa. Io. de. Olpe" und dem Kolophon: "In laudatissima Germaniae urbe Basiliensi: nuper opera & promotione Iohannis Bergman de Olpe anno salutis nostrae M.CCCCXCVII. Kalendis Augusti."V.d.Haegen: 1. erw., 2. lat. Basler AusgabeErgänzungen von Thomas BeccadelliSignaturen: a-s⁸, t-y⁴117 WoodcutsOriginaltitel: Das Narrenschif
Language and Communication in Computer-Mediated Contexts: A Rich and Challenging Research Field
No full textThis special issue offers an invitation to think about the first decade of the 21st century. Acknowledging that millennia boundaries are always arbitrary such that any development is likely to have started earlier and to still be ongoing, I decided to write about the advent of computer-mediated communication (CMC) as one of the linguistic areas that are topical and prominent in today's world. In recent overview articles on 'electronic discourse' (Locher 2014; Locher and Mondada 2014) and on challenges in research methodology for scholars working on computer-mediated discourse (Bolander and Locher 2014), a number of observations were made that I want to revisit in light of the aim of this special issue. Given the fact that communication through computer-mediated means is a fairly recent phenomenon and that the vast majority of research on this use of language have been published since the turn of the millennium, we can indeed state that this topic is relevant. In line with Crystal, "[t]he Internet is the largest area of language development we have seen in our lifetimes. Only two things are certain: it is not going to go away, and it is going to get larger" (2011, 149). In this chapter, I will briefly sketch the object of study, show some of the research questions and developments that have occurred and discuss some of the ways linguists have responded to language online
Constructing the identity of an advice-giver in an American internet advice column.
No full textThis paper is a contribution to research on the expression of expert advice-giving (e.g., Heritage and Sefi 1992; Silverman et al. 1992). We present a linguistic analysis of the ways in which the identity of the fictional expert advisor Lucy emerges in an Internet advice column run by professional health educators as part of a university health service. In discourse-analytical close readings of 280 question–answer records, we identify and discuss seven recurring strategies (the advisor's name, self-reference and use of address terms; expert information-giving; giving options and making readers think; the choice of vocabulary; offering opinions; the use of empathy; the display of humor), which together contribute to Lucy's voice as an expert advice-giver if the readers repeatedly access the question–answer exchanges. This emerging identity is in line with the site's mission to provide information designed to facilitate independent and responsible decision processes and corresponds to an ideal of nondirectiveness, as also identified in the literature on other advisory settings (He 1994; Sarangi and Clarke 2002; Vehviläinen 2003). The constructed identity of Lucy thus makes ‘Lucy Answers’ an attractive site to (re)turn to for advice and complements the other services provided by the health educators
Situated impoliteness: the interface between relational work and identity construction
No full textThis chapter reports on ongoing research interest in relational work, and impoliteness in particular. The author's interest in impoliteness comes from her research focus on power and politeness in disagreements, where she looked at conflictual data (Locher, 2004). While research on politeness has beein going strong since the 1970s, research on impoliteness has only recently picked up momentum, as for example evidenced by the 2006 and 2009 conferences on impoliteness and rudeness in Huddersfield and Lancaster, the special issue of the Journal of Politeness Research (Bousfield and Culpeper, 2008), the first monograph on impoliteness (Bousfield, 2008a), and edited collections on rudeness and impoliteness (Gorji, 2007; Bousfield and Locher, 2008). A few early exceptions are Lachenicht (1980), Kienpointner (1997), Culpeper (1996) and Culpeper et al. (2003). Research on impoliteness is motivated by the sociological importance of tackling the perceived increasing problems of blatant rudeness and inconsiderateness which are said to negatively affect public life in Britain, as for example evidenced by Tony Blair's 'respect agenda', and as studied by Jonathan Culpeper (2006) in his ESRC research project on 'Impoliteness : using language to cause offence'. These topical reasons, along with an interest in the interpersonal side of communication most generally, have led the author to return her interest to conflictual behaviour and behaviour that might be deemed rude or impolite
Methods for preparing 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids and captopril
No full textCaptopril (1-[(2$i(S))-3-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl]-L-proline) of formula (I) is prepared from 2-methyl-1,3-propandiol by microbial oxidation to obtain (R)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl propionic acid, by chlorination to obtain (R)-3-chloro-2-methyl propionyl chloride and by subsequent reaction with L-proline to obtain the corresponding N-(3-chloro-2-methylpropionyl-L-proline) and by conversion of the chloromethyl group into the mercaptomethyl group. Captopril is a antihypertensive pharmaceutical active substance
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