2,678 research outputs found
Stimulation by soluble CD70 promotes strong primary and secondary CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses in vivo
No full textIdentification of the signals required for optimal differentiation of naive CD8+ T cells into effector and memory cells is critical for the design of effective vaccines. In this study we demonstrate that CD27 stimulation by soluble CD70 considerably enhances the magnitude and quality of the CD8+ T cell response. Stimulation with soluble CD70 in the presence of Ag significantly enhanced the proliferation of CD8+ T cells and their ability to produce IL-2 and IFN-? in vitro. Administration of Ag and soluble CD70 resulted in a massive (>300-fold) expansion of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells in vivo, which was due to the enhanced proliferation and survival of activated T cells. In mice that received Ag and soluble CD70, CD8+ T cells developed into effectors with direct ex vivo cytotoxicity. Furthermore, unlike peptide immunization, which resulted in a diminished response after rechallenge, CD27 stimulation during the primary challenge evoked a strong secondary response upon rechallenge with the antigenic peptide. Thus, in addition to increasing the frequency of primed Ag-specific T cells, CD27 signaling during the primary response instills a program of differentiation that allows CD8+ T cells to overcome a state of unresponsiveness. Taken together these results demonstrate that soluble CD70 has potent in vivo adjuvant effects for CD8+ T cell responses
Requirement for CD70 in CD4(+) Th cell-dependent and innate receptor-mediated CD8(+) T cell priming
No full textDendritic cell (DC) conditioning by CD4(+) T cells, or via engagement of innate receptors, is thought to be essential for CD8(+) T cell priming. However, the molecular features that distinguish a conditioned DC from an unconditioned DC are poorly defined. In this study. we investigate the role of CD70, a member of the TNF superfamily that is expressed on activated DC, in CD4+ Th-dependent and -independent CD8(+) T cell responses. We demonstrate that CD70 is required for CD4(+) T cell-dependent priming of CD8(+) T cells as well as priming mediated by the viral signature, dsRNA. Accordingly, mice that were subjected to CD70 blockade during the primary response fail to generate a memory CD8(+) T cell response. Furthermore, we find that CD70 is dispensable for CD4(+) T cell expansion and help for B cells, thus suggesting a direct role for CD70 in CD8(+) T cell priming. Our results show that the innate and adaptive (CD4(+) T cells) arms of the immune system use a common signaling pathway in driving CD8(+) T cell responses and suggest that expression of CD70 on DC represents the hallmark of conditioned DC
Tylecodon papillaris G. D. Rowley 1979
No full text<p> <b>Cacalia papillaris</b> Linnaeus, <i>Species Plantarum</i> 2: 834. 1753.</p> <p>"Habitat in Aethiopia." RCN: 6029.</p> <p> Lectotype (Rowley in <i>Natl. Cact. Succ. J.</i> 34: 34. 1979): [icon] " <i>Cacalianthemum (forte) caudice papillari</i> " in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 1: 63, t. 55, f. 63 [larger fig.]. 1732 (see p. 124).</p> <p> Current name: <i> <i>Tylecodon papillaris</i> (L.) G.D. Rowley (Asteraceae).</i></p> <p> <i>Note:</i> Rowley typified the name and took up <i>Tylecodon papillaris</i> (L.) G.D. Rowley as the correct name for <i>T. cacalioides</i> (L. f.) Tölken. However, Tölken (in Leistner, <i>Fl. Southern Africa</i> 14: 35. 1985) argued that the type illustration (which is figured by Rowley, and also by van Jaarsveld & Koutnik, <i>Cotyledon and Tylecodon</i>: 12, f. 14. 2004), being sterile, does not allow a reliable identification to be made, as it could represent either <i>T. cacalioides</i> or <i>T wallichii</i> (Harv.) Tölken. Rowley regarded these names as forms of a single species. Tölken concluded that the Linnaean name should be rejected to avoid further confusion, but no formal proposal appears to have been made.</p>Published as part of <i>Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part C), pp. 370-473 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum</i> on page 370, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/291971">10.5281/zenodo.291971</a>
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Disgrace at Gettysburg ::the arrest and court-martial of Brigadier General Thomas A. Rowley, USA /
No full text"This volume chronicles Rowley's life up to the July 1, 1863, battle that ended his military career, with particular attention to the events of that fateful day. The author discusses not only the effect of the court martial and its questionable guilty verdict on Rowley himself but also its repercussions for other military officers"--Provided by publisher
Reconstruction of tubular structures from 2.5D point clouds: A mesophotic gorgonian coral case study
No full textA method for the surface reconstruction of 3D tubular branched structures characterized by low informative point clouds (i.e., 2.5D) is proposed. These specific clouds can arise when using photogrammetry techniques on complex subjects in challenging scanning environments (e.g., underwater gorgonian coral at mesophotic depths). The core idea behind the proposed Sphere Skeleton Approach (SSA) is to approximate the assumed tubular shapes via merged spheres having variable radii and centered in the points of the medial skeleton. To assess the generality and robustness of the proposed SSA, additional experiments have been conducted on 2.5D point clouds that were synthetically generated from 3D model benchmarks. Hausdorff distances between the target and the reconstructed 3D models are used to quantitatively compare the SSA performances to a classical meshing algorithm. Early results highlight the capability to outperform existing approaches in reconstructing objects from 2.5D clouds.
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J. Mei, L. Zhang, S. Wu, Z. Wang, and L. Zhang. 3D tree modeling from incomplete point clouds via optimization and L1-MST. Int. J. Geo. Inf. Sci. 31.5 (2017), pp. 999–1021. doi: 10.1080/13658816.2016.1264075
S. J. Rowley, T. E. Roberts, R. R. Coleman, H. L. Spalding, E. Joseph, and M. K. L. Dorricott. Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems. Springer, 2019, pp. 301–320. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-92735-0_17
K. Siddiqi, J. Zhang, D. Macrini, A. Shokoufandeh, S. Bouix, and S. Dickinson. Retrieving articulated 3-D models using medial surfaces. Machine Vis. Appl. 19.4 (2008), pp. 261–275. doi: 10.1007/s00138-007-0097-8
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L. Wasserman. Topological data analysis. Ann. Rev. Stat. Appl. 5 (2018), pp. 501–532. doi: 10.1146/annurev-statistics-031017-10004
Disgrace at Gettysburg ::the arrest and court-martial of Brigadier General Thomas A. Rowley, USA /
No full text"This volume chronicles Rowley's life up to the July 1, 1863, battle that ended his military career, with particular attention to the events of that fateful day. The author discusses not only the effect of the court martial and its questionable guilty verdict on Rowley himself but also its repercussions for other military officers"--Provided by publisher
A new combination in Tulista, T. kingiana (Asphodeloideae, Xanthorrhoeaceae / Alooideae, Asphodelaceae)
No full textPhylogenetic studies in the Xanthorrhoeaceae subfam. Asphodeloideae (alternatively Asphodelaceae subfam. Alooideae) (Treutlein et al. 2003a, b; Grace et al. 2013; Manning et al. 2014) indicated that the genus Haworthia Duval (1809: 7) sensu lato should be split into three genera. The three haworthioid genera established and widely accepted for the three groups of species are: Haworthia sensu stricto, Haworthiopsis Rowley (2013: 4), and Tulista Rafinesque (1840: 137). In terms of number of species, Tulista is the smallest of the three genera and is widely considered to include five species. For four of these, T. marginata (Lamarck 1783: 89) Rowley (2013: 6), T. minima (Aiton 1789: 468) Boatwright & Manning in Manning et al. (2014: 70), T. opalina (Hayashi 2001: 17) Breuer (2016: 7), and T. pumila (Linnaeus 1753: 322) Rowley (2013: 6), combinations have been validly published. However, for the fifth species, Haworthia kingiana Von Poellnitz (1937: 203), a valid combination has yet to be published in Tulista. We do so here.</jats:p
Leptolalax ardens Rowley & Tran & Le & Dau & Peloso & Nguyen & Hoang & Nguyen & Ziegler 2016, sp. nov.
No full textLeptolalax ardens sp. nov. Figs. 7D, 9A, 10. Holotype. VNMN 04707/AMS R 176454, adult male, calling on clay bank 1.5 m from headwaters of 1–2m wide rocky, medium gradient, high–flow stream in evergreen forest in Kon Ka Kinh National Park, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam (14.2258º N, 108.3230º E; 1162 m elevation, Fig. 1, Fig 9E). Collected at 19:30 h on 21 August 2011 Jodi J. L. Rowley, Vinh Quang Dau, Huy Duc Hoang, Luong Thi Nguyen, Tan Thanh Le, Dinh Djung, and Y H'Jun. Paratypes. AMS R 176452–176453, two adult males (both calling), and VNMN 04708/AMS R 176455– VNMN 04710/AMS R 176457, three adult males (not observed calling), collected on same date and locality as holotype. VNMN 04711 /AMS R 176458, adult female (gravid) and VNMN 04712 /AMS R 176459 adult male (calling), collected at 19:55 h on 23 August 2011 in evergreen forest in Kon Ka Kinh National Park, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam (14.2263º N, 108.3345º E; 1450 m elevation). UNS 00530/AMS R 176460–UNS 00532/ 176462, AMS R 176463, AMS R 176464, UNS 00533/176465, UNS 00534 /AMS R 176466, 176467, and NCSM 79650, 9 adult males, collected at night on 24 August 2011 in swampy area with small rocky stream in evergreen forest in Kon Ka Kinh National Park, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam (14.2197 º N, 108.3207 º E; 1041 m elevation). All specimens were collected by Jodi J. L. Rowley, Vinh Quang Dau, Huy Duc Hoang, Luong Thi Nguyen, Tan Thanh Le, Dinh Djung, and Y H'Jun. Etymology. The specific name “ ardens ”, meaning burning, fiery, shining, or brilliant, is used as an adjective in reference to the bold and conspicuous coloration of this species compared to other species in the group. Diagnosis. Assigned to the genus Leptolalax on the basis of the following characters: small size, rounded finger tips, the presence of an elevated inner palmar tubercle not continuous to the thumb, presence of macroglands on body (including supra–axillary, pectoral, femoral and ventrolateral glands), the absence of vomerine teeth, the presence of tubercles on eyelids, and anterior tip of snout with pale vertical bar (Dubois 1983; Lathrop et al. 1998; Delorme et al. 2006). Leptolalax ardens sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of (1) supra– axillary and ventrolateral glands present; (2) dark brownish red ventral surface with white speckling; (3) small SVL for the genus (21.6.1– 24.7 mm in 15 adult males, 24.5 mm in one female); (4) toes lacking webbing and lateral fringes; (5) tibia length 44–49% of SVL in males; (6) pectoral gland 3.5–5.6% of SVL in males, (7) mostly smooth dorsum, (8) iris dark coppery brown, (9) distinct black supratympanic line present, (10) an advertisement call with 3–10 notes with the first, introductory note encompassing one–third of each call. Description of holotype. Head width equal to head length; snout slightly truncate in dorsal view and rounded in profile, projecting slightly beyond margin of the lower jaw; nostril closer to snout than to eye; canthus rostralis indistinct, gently rounded; lores sloping; pupil vertical; eye diameter smaller than snout length; tympanum distinct, round, diameter smaller than that of the eye; tympanic rim elevated relative to skin of temporal region; vomerine teeth absent; pineal ocellus absent; vocal sac openings slit–like, located posteriolaterally on floor of mouth; tongue wide with broad, shallow notch at posterior tip; supratympanic ridge distinct, running from eye to axillary gland. Tips of fingers rounded, very slightly swollen; relative finger lengths I 4.5% divergence at the 16S gene fragment examined. Interspecific variation in three L. ardens sp. nov. collected from ~ 2 km apart was 0%. 1 Leptolalax applebyi : ;: (;: 3;). ( +. 3 (/)* 3)/ 3* ;: * K.).;:)K.));: *(K ;:)K 3/;:*..K /;:(/K/ 3;:3K3)/;:.K +; ; * + *3 3 (+ (* 3 (. / * :*3)K).;: (*K (;: *.K. /;:*.)K *.;: K. *;:* 3K; * / *. ! Leptolalax 0 2 !> 1 2!:; 9 5 C H 2 K botsfordi & 0 0 0 2 eos > 0 0 0 " 2 0 firthi > 0 (.K 3 2 " B fuliginosis K)) B & " " 0 0 :; melanoleucus 0 " " 0 0 0 minimus H + (K *. B = 2 nahangensis H 0 0 .) B 6 C + * B P 7 0 pluvialis 0 0 0 2 solus H 0 0 / (B " H sungi H " . K+ / tuberosus H 0 0 zhangyangpingi H 0 0 .+ K+ + " " 0 0 0:; applebyi & 0 0 0 *3 (K:) ; B 2 bidoupensis & 0 0 0 * +K +.: (; B & " 2 0 melicus & 0 0 0 *3 +K /:) /; B 2 pyrrhops & 0 0 0 2 ardens & 0 0 0 pallidus & 0 0 0 . K ((: + +; B A 2 K tadungensis & 0 0 0 K : +); B 2Published as part of Rowley, Jodi J. L., Tran, Dao T. A., Le, Duong T. T., Dau, Vinh Q., Peloso, Pedro L. V., Nguyen, Truong Q., Hoang, Huy D., Nguyen, Tao T. & Ziegler, Thomas, 2016, Five new, microendemic Asian Leaf-litter Frogs (Leptolalax) from the southern Annamite mountains, Vietnam, pp. 63-102 in Zootaxa 4085 (1) on pages 75-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4085.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/105245
Triggering of TNFRSF25 promotes CD8+ T-cell responses and anti-tumor immunity
No full textTNFRSF25 is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) that binds to the TNF-like protein TL1A. Although recent studies have demonstrated a role for TNFRSF25 in regulating CD4+ T-cell responses, it remains to be determined if TNFRSF25 functions as a costimulatory receptor for CD8+ T cells. Here, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of TL1A on mouse plasmacytomas promotes elimination of tumor cells in a CD8+ T-cell-dependent manner and renders mice immune to a subsequent challenge with tumor cells. To gain further insight into the role of TNFRSF25 in CD8+ T-cell responses, we analyzed the effect of TNFRSF25 triggering on OT-I TCR transgenic T cells. We demonstrate that TNFRSF25 triggering in vivo with soluble TL1A promotes the proliferation and accumulation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells as well as their differentiation into CTLs. Furthermore, we show that TNFRSF25 also functions as a costimulatory receptor for memory CD8+ T cells. Thus, TNFRSF25 triggering enhances the secondary expansion of endogenous antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells. Our data suggest that TNFRSF25 agonists, such as soluble TL1A, could potentially be used to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines that aim to elicit human anti-tumor CD8+ T cells
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