31 research outputs found
GENETHICS AND RELIGION
No full textIntroduction -- Beyond playing God: critical religious genethics for pluralistic societies / G. Pfleiderer, G. Brahier, and K. Lindpaintner -- Foundations: hermeneutic and conceptional reflections -- Genes, cells, interpretations: what hermeneutics can add to genetics and to bioethics / C. Rehmann-Sutter -- Controversies about human dignity: implications for biotechnology / J.F. Childress -- The function of religion in genethical debates: critical analyses -- Global bioethics, theology, and human genetic engineering: the challenge of refashioning human nature in the face of moral and religious pluralism / H.T. Engelhardt, Jr. -- Eschewing images of man: against anthropological reductionism in bioethics / F.W. Graf -- Children, bodies, life: ethics as the churches' biopolitics / P. Gehring -- On the ethics debate between theologians, scientists and doctors: experiences, observations and commentaries of a medical geneticist / H. Müller -- Examining constructive efforts of religious genethics (I): Christian theological genethics -- 'Biopower': ethical and theological considerations / D. Mieth -- First sheep, then human beings? Theological and ethical reflections on the use of gene technology / E. Schockenhoff -- Is the human genome sacred? / T. Peters -- Examining constructive efforts of religious genethics (II): Jewish, Islamic, and Buddhist genethics -- The Jewish perspective on genethics / R.M. Green -- Human genetic technologies and Islamic bioethics / S.N.M. Nor -- Buddhism and human genome research / P. Ratanakul -- Author index -- Subject inde
Durée optimale du traitement immunosuppresseur de la néphrite lupique
No full textLe Lupus systémique est une maladie auto-immune complexe touchant tous les organes. Bien que ce
travail ne se focalisera que sur l’atteinte rénale, il est nécessaire, dans un premier temps, de parler de la
maladie dans son ensemble afin de mieux appréhender ses effets sur le rein
Overcoming a common storm: Designing the PD teachers need for successful common core implementation
No full textClassroom implementation of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) requires significant professional development that is sustained over time, develops teachers understanding of the Standards for Mathematical Practice, and begins with the content and professional needs of the teachers it serves. This study examines elementary and middle school teachers’ perceived content needs related to the CCSS mathematics content domains, their perceived professional needs, and the connection between these perceptions and statewide assessment data. K-5 teachers indicated a great need in Operations and Algebraic Thinking and Numbers and Operations on Fractions. Middle school teachers expressed a major need in better understanding modeling, statistics and probability, geometry and measurement, and proportional reasoning. K-9 teachers perceived professional needs and implications for designing professional development for inservice teachers are discussed
Nouveautés dans la prévention et la prise en charge du virus respiratoire syncytial en 2025 [New developments in the prevention and management of RSV in 2025]
No full textRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes respiratory infections, often mild but that can be severe for newborns, elderly individuals with comorbidities, and immunocompromised patients. In pediatrics, it is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia, with numerous annual hospitalizations in Switzerland. Among the elderly, RSV leads to significant morbidity. Prevention has advanced with the introduction of vaccines such as Arexvy and Abrysvo, as well as nirsevimab for infants. These innovations are expected to significantly reduce the burden of RSV in the coming years
Transcriptomic Signature Differences Between SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus Infected Patients.
No full textThe reason why most individuals with COVID-19 have relatively limited symptoms while other develop respiratory distress with life-threatening complications remains unknown. Increasing evidence suggests that COVID-19 associated adverse outcomes mainly rely on dysregulated immunity. Here, we compared transcriptomic profiles of blood cells from 103 patients with different severity levels of COVID-19 with that of 27 healthy and 22 influenza-infected individuals. Data provided a complete overview of SARS-CoV-2-induced immune signature, including a dramatic defect in IFN responses, a reduction of toxicity-related molecules in NK cells, an increased degranulation of neutrophils, a dysregulation of T cells, a dramatic increase in B cell function and immunoglobulin production, as well as an important over-expression of genes involved in metabolism and cell cycle in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to those infected with influenza viruses. These features also differed according to COVID-19 severity. Overall and specific gene expression patterns across groups can be visualized on an interactive website (https://bix.unil.ch/covid/). Collectively, these transcriptomic host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are discussed in the context of current studies, thereby improving our understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis and shaping the severity level of COVID-19
Screening and Analysis of Janelia FlyLight Project Enhancer-Gal4 Strains Identifies Multiple Gene Enhancers Active During Hematopoiesis in Normal and Wasp-Challenged Drosophila Larvae
No full textA GFP expression screen has been conducted on >1000 Janelia FlyLight Project enhancer-Gal4 lines to identify transcriptional enhancers active in the larval hematopoietic system. A total of 190 enhancers associated with 87 distinct genes showed activity in cells of the third instar larval lymph gland and hemolymph. That is, gene enhancers were active in cells of the lymph gland posterior signaling center (PSC), medullary zone (MZ), and/or cortical zone (CZ), while certain of the transcriptional control regions were active in circulating hemocytes. Phenotypic analyses were undertaken on 81 of these hematopoietic-expressed genes, with nine genes characterized in detail as to gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes in larval hematopoietic tissues and blood cells. These studies demonstrated the functional requirement of the cut gene for proper PSC niche formation, the hairy, Btk29A, and E2F1 genes for blood cell progenitor production in the MZ domain, and the longitudinals lacking, dFOXO, kayak, cap-n-collar, and delilah genes for lamellocyte induction and/or differentiation in response to parasitic wasp challenge and infestation of larvae. Together, these findings contribute substantial information to our knowledge of genes expressed during the larval stage of Drosophila hematopoiesis and newly identify multiple genes required for this developmental process
Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Tuberculosis Management in Sub-Saharan Africa-A Balanced SWOT Analysis.
No full textPoint-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is an increasingly accessible skill, allowing for the decentralization of its use to non-specialist healthcare workers to guide routine clinical decision making. The advent of ultrasound-on-a-chip has transformed the technology into a portable mobile health device. Due to its high sensitivity to detect small consolidations, pleural effusions and sub pleural nodules, POCUS has recently been proposed as a sputum-free likely triage tool for tuberculosis (TB). To make an objective assessment of the potential and limitations of POCUS in routine TB management, we present a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities & Threats (SWOT) analysis based on a review of the relevant literature and focusing on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We idenitified numerous strengths and opportunities of POCUS for TB management e.g.; accessible, affordable, easy to use & maintain, expedited diagnosis, extra-pulmonary TB detection, safer pleural/pericardial puncture, use in children/pregnant women/PLHIV, targeted screening of TB contacts, monitoring TB sequelae, and creating AI decision support. Weaknesses and external threats such as operator dependency, lack of visualization of central lung pathology, poor specificity, lack of impact assessments and data from Sub-Saharan Africa must be taken into consideration to ensure that the potential of the technology can be fully realized in research as in practice
Utility of Polymerase Chain Reaction in Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Identifying Respiratory Bacteria Causing Community-Acquired Pneumonia
No full textTimely identification of a pathogen in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) can support appropriate antibiotics use. The difficulty of obtaining lower respiratory tract (LRT) samples limits the utility of point-of-care syndromic molecular assays. We assessed the performance of the FilmArray Pneumonia plus panel (FilmArray PP) in nasopharyngeal (NP) swab for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Patients in the study included retrospectively consenting adults who attended the emergency department of Lausanne University Hospital between February 2019 and August 2020 for a community-acquired LRTI, with available NP swab and a high-quality LRT sample. These samples were tested with the FilmArray PP (cutoff of ≥10(4) copies/mL). Positive (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) of FilmArray PP in NP swab were calculated, using (i) FilmArray PP in LRT sample and (ii) standard microbiological tests as reference standards. To assess the performance of a lower detection cutoff, NP samples were also tested with an in-house PCR (cutoff of ≥10 copies/mL) for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Overall, 118 patients were included. FilmArray PP in LRT sample and standard microbiology tests detected S. pneumoniae in 19/118 and 12/118, H. influenzae in 44/118 and 19/118, and M. catarrhalis in 14/118 and 0/118, respectively. Using LRT FilmArray PP as reference, PPA and NPA of FilmArray PP on NP were 58% and 100% for S. pneumoniae, 61% and 100% for H. influenzae, and 57% and 99% for M. catarrhalis. Using standard diagnostic tests as reference, PPA and NPA were 58% and 96% for S. pneumoniae, 74% and 87% for H. influenzae, and indefinite and 92% for M. catarrhalis. Using a lower cutoff on NP (≥10(2) copies/mL), PPA was 68% for S. pneumoniae and 77% for H. influenzae with LRT FilmArray PP as reference. FilmArray PP in NP swabs has a limited PPA for identifying the most common etiologies of community-acquired LRTI irrespective of the reference standard, preventing its use for withholding antibiotics. The PCR detection cutoff does not explain the low PPA. The excellent NPA suggests the use of NP PCR results for rapidly targeted antimicrobial therapy. IMPORTANCE Timely identification of a pathogen in patients with lower respiratory tract infections is of paramount importance to avoid inappropriate antibiotic prescription. We aimed to evaluate the performance of a rapid syndromic molecular assay in nasopharyngeal swabs for identifying the most common bacterial causes of lower respiratory tract infections in adults (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis). Our data show that nasopharyngeal molecular assay has a good concordance with lower respiratory tract sample when positive but not when negative. A positive result is therefore concordant with a lower respiratory tract infection and can be used to target antibiotics. Nevertheless, a negative result does not have a good concordance, so it cannot be used to withhold antibiotics. Our findings illustrate the potential utility of these easily collected samples for the management of patients with lower respiratory tract infections
<i>GenEthics and Religion</i>. Edited by G. Pfleiderer, G. Brahier, and K. Lindpaintner. Basel (Switzerland) and New York: Karger. $59.00. vi + 154 p.; author and subject indexes. ISBN: 978‐3‐8055‐8973‐4. 2011.
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