824 research outputs found
Textual Inference with Tree Structured LSTM
No full textTextual Inference is a research trend in Natural Language
Processing (NLP) that has recently received a lot of attention by the sci-
entific community. Textual Entailment (TE) is a specific task in Textual
Inference that aims at determining whether a hypothesis is entailed by a
text. This paper employs the Child-Sum Tree-LSTM for solving the chal-
lenging problem of textual entailment. Our approach is simple and able
to generalize well without excessive parameter optimization. Evaluation
done on SNLI, SICK and other TE datasets shows the competitiveness
of our approach
Leading the African agenda or following the African consensus? South Africa's implementation of the African agenda in the United Nations Security Council
No full textMicrobial-based biofortification to mitigate African micronutrients deficiency: A focus on plant-based fermentation as source of B-group vitamins
No full textISSN:2212-4306ISSN:2212-4292ISSN:2212-429
Intra-Household Redistribution of Income and Calorie Consumption in South-Western Nigeria
No full textThis study investigates how per capita calorie intake in low income households of rural southwestern Nigeria responds to changes in total household income and women's share of household income. The study addresses two major questions. First, is calorie-income elasticity large enough to justify the use of income increases as a food/nutrition policy strategy for increasing calorie intake among low income households? Second, what is the potential effect of intra-household redistribution of income from men to women on per capita calorie consumption? My results show that calorie-income elasticity is small and close to zero, implying that income policies may not be the most effective way to achieve substantial improvements in calorie consumption. I also find that increases in women's share of household income are likely to result in marginal declines in per capita food calorie intake, suggesting that income redistribution from men to women would not increase per capita food energy intake in these households.Nigeria, Intra-Household Redistribution of Income, Women's Income Share Elasticity, Income Elasticity, Calorie Consumption.
Female Schooling, Non-Market Productivity, and Labor Market Participation in Nigeria
No full textEconomists have argued that increasing female schooling positively influences the labor supply of married women by inducing a faster rise in market productivity relative to non-market productivity. I use the Nigerian Labor Force Survey to investigate how own and husband's schooling affect women's labor market participation. I find that additional years of postsecondary education increases wage market participation probability by as much as 15.2%. A marginal increase in primary schooling has no effect on probability of wage employment, but could enhance participation rates in self-employment by about 5.40%. These effects are likely to be stronger when a woman is married to a more educated spouse. The results suggest that primary education is more productive in non-wage work relative to wage work, while postsecondary education is more productive in wage work. Finally, I find evidence suggesting that non-market work may not be a normal good for married women in Nigeria.Nigeria, Female Schooling, Women's Labor Market Participation, Non-Market Productivity
Substitutions in B and T cell epitopes in iVDRVs.
No full textSubstitutions in B and T cell epitopes in iVDRVs.</p
Nutrient Release Pattern from Compost Supplemented with Jatropha Cake on Alfisol of Ilorin, Nigeria
No full textThe mineralization of nutrients from compost supplemented with Jatropha cake was examined on an Alfisol of Ilorin, Nigeria with a view to determining its potential for fertility improvement.
Two kilogram soil (0-15 cm depth) was weighed into plastic pots, replicated three times and arranged in a completely randomized design. Compost Aleshinloye Grade B (un-amended compost) augmented with jatropha cake in different proportions was applied at the rate of 10 t /ha to each pot. The soil in the pot was incubated with the following treatments: AJ (30% Aleshinloye Grade B + 70% Jatropha cake), BJ (40% Aleshinloye Grade B + 60% Jatropha cake), CJ (50% Aleshinloye Grade B + 50% Jatropha cake), DJ (60% Aleshinloye Grade B + 40% Jatropha cake) including control (CO). At the end of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks, the incubated soil were sampled and analyzed for pH, N, P, K, OC, Ca, NH4-N and NO3-N contents. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA and cluster analysis.
The results of Incubation of fertilizers applied increased soil pH. At 12 weeks, higher value (0.57cmol/kg) was obtained from mineralized exchangeable K by DJ treated soil. CJ significantly increased (P=.05) OC, NO3-N, NH4-N, total N and P.
Thus the result of this finding suggests that 10 t /ha CJ (50% Aleshinloye Grade B + 50% Jatropha cake) significantly increased the N and P
Knowledge, attitudes and practices on adolescent vaccination among parents, teachers and adolescents in Africa: a systematic review protocol
No full textBackground: Vaccines are the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions available to avert vaccine-preventable diseases and deaths. Despite progress in the field of adolescent health, many young people in Africa still get sick and die from vaccine-preventable diseases due to lack of vaccination. Parents, adolescents and teachers are key players with regard to implementation of adolescent vaccination policies. Therefore, understanding their knowledge, attitudes and practices towards adolescent vaccination may provide clues on what can be done to improve vaccine uptake among adolescents. The aim of this study is to conduct a qualitative and quantitative systematic review on knowledge, attitudes and practices on adolescent vaccination among parents, teachers and adolescents in Africa. Methods: We will include both quantitative and qualitative primary studies. Eligible quantitative studies include both intervention and observational studies. Qualitative studies to be included are focus group discussions, direct observations, in-depth interviews and case ethnographic studies. We will search PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science, WHOLIS, Africa Wide and CINAHL for eligible studies with no time and language limits. We will also check reference lists of included studies for other eligible reports. Two authors will independently screen the search output, select studies and extract data, resolving discrepancies by consensus and discussion. We will analyse qualitative data using thematic analysis where applicable, and quantitative studies findings will be presented in a narrative synthesis form based on the outcomes. Discussion: The findings from this systematic review will guide the identification of gaps on knowledge, attitudes and practices among the key role players on adolescent vaccination. We anticipate that our findings will guide the development of adolescent-focused vaccination policy in Africa, which is virtually non-existent at present. Systematic review registration: This review is registered with PROSPERO, registration number CRD42014010395.
Sustaining Soil Organic Matter for Okra Production in a Forest Ecology of Nigeria
No full textOkra production in Nigeria is particularly under smallholder and resource-poor farmers. This study therefore investigated the influence of aerobically composted cowdung (CWD), singly and in combination with Ogun rock phosphate (ORP) applications on the yield of okra and soil organic matter maintenance in typical forest ecology of Nigeria. The study was conducted during two different okra cropping seasons. The experiment was in a randomised complete block design of four, 27.0 m x 4.0 m blocks; each was divided into seven plots of 4.0 m x 3.0 m with an alley of 1.0 m between blocks and 1.0 m within plots. The treatment plots were made up of crop with: 100% CWD, 100% ORP, 20% CWD + 80% ORP, 40% CWD + 60% ORP, 60% CWD + 40% ORP, 80% CWD + 20% ORP and zero percent application served as control. The seven organic fertilizer treatments were applied at planting, and at the rates of 6.0 and 0.3 t ha-1 for 100% CWD and 100% ORP respectively. Each of the treatments was replicated four times to give a total of 28 plots. Highest fresh okra mean yield of 22.9 ± 1.3 t ha-1 obtained with 60% CWD + 40% ORP was only significantly (p = 0.05) different from 14.2 ± 1.2 t ha-1 obtained with zero treatment application. This experiment was repeated two more times, but without treatment applications. About 5% reduction and over 100% increase in soil organic carbon and available P respectively were achieved after third consecutive okra cultivation. We therefore concluded that aerobically composted cowdung when complemented with Ogun rock phosphate enhanced the quantity of okra and soil organic matter of the study area
Influence of Compost Supplemented with Jatropha Cake on Growth, Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake of Maize (Zeamays L.)
No full textThe potentials of compost supplemented with jatropha cake as soil amendments were evaluated under screenhouse at Kwara State University. Maize (variety EVDT-W99 STR) was used as test crop. The experiment consisted of two consecutive experiments in which residual effect was observed in the second experiment. The treatment were; control (Zero addition), NPK 15 –15-15 at 60 kg N/ha, 30% Grade B + 70% Jatropha cake at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 t /ha, 40% Grade B + 60% Jatropha cake at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 t /ha, 50% Grade B + 50% Jatropha cake at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 t /ha, 60% Grade B + 40% Jatropha cake at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 t /ha . The design was completely randomized design replicated three times. Results obtained showed that 50% Grade B + 50% Jatropha cake greatly influenced growth parameters of maize at first and second cropping. The 50% Grade B + 50% Jatropha cake treatment gave the highest Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake value; 13.28, 0.32 and 14.60 mg/pot respectively at second planting which differed significantly from all other treatments. The study showed that jatropha cake supplemented with compost at 2.5 t/ha gave higher growth parameters and nutrient uptake when compared with NPK at second planting
- …
