2,039 research outputs found
"State Redemption of the Continental Dollar, 1779-1790"
Get PDFRemittances of Continental Dollars to the national treasury from each state by year from 1779 through 1789 are used to determine state compliance with congressional resolutions regarding Continental-Dollar redemption. From 1781 through 1789, the states as a whole stayed well ahead of the remittance schedule set by Congress in 1779. Individual state compliance, however, varied considerably. By the time Congress changed redemption requirements with the Funding Act of 4 August 1790, a majority of the net new Continental Dollars ever emitted by Congress had already been redeemed by the states and remitted to the national treasury to be burned.American Revolution; US Constitution; credible commitment; debt retirement; state taxation
Krein-like extensions and the lower boundedness problem for elliptic operators
No full textAbstractFor selfadjoint extensions A˜ of a symmetric densely defined positive operator Amin, the lower boundedness problem is the question of whether A˜ is lower bounded if and only if an associated operator T in abstract boundary spaces is lower bounded. It holds when the Friedrichs extension Aγ has compact inverse (Grubb, 1974, also Gorbachuk and Mikhailets, 1976); this applies to elliptic operators A on bounded domains.For exterior domains, Aγ−1 is not compact, and whereas the lower bounds satisfy m(T)⩾m(A˜), the implication of lower boundedness from T to A˜ has only been known when m(T)>−m(Aγ). We now show it for general T.The operator Aa corresponding to T=aI, generalizing the Krein–von Neumann extension A0, appears here; its possible lower boundedness for all real a is decisive. We study this Krein-like extension, showing for bounded domains that the discrete eigenvalues satisfy N+(t;Aa)=cAtn/2m+O(t(n−1+ε)/2m) for t→∞
Saiga tatarica
No full textSaiga tatarica (Linnaeus, 1766). Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1:97. TYPE LOCALITY: W Kazakhstan, "Ural Steppes." DISTRIBUTION: N Caucasus (Kalmyk Steppe, Russia), Kazakhstan, N Uzbekistan, SW Mongolia, Sinkiang (China). Formerly west to Poland. STATUS: U.S. ESA - Endangered as S. t. mongolica. SYNONYMS: colus, mongolica, saiga, scythica. COMMENTS: Reviewed by Sokolov (1974, Mammalian Species, 38).Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 377-414 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 400, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.735918
Taurotragus derbianus
No full textTaurotragus derbianus (Gray, 1847). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1], 20:286. TYPE LOCALITY: Gambia. DISTRIBUTION: Formerly, Gambia to S Sudan and NW Uganda; now in Senegal to Guinea and Cameroon to S Sudan; may survive in S Mali and NE Nigeria. STATUS: U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as T. d. derbianus; IUCN - Vulnerable as Tragelaphus derbianus gigas. SYNONYMS: cameroonensis, colini, congolanus, gigas. COMMENTS: Regarded as conspecific with T. oryx by Haltenorth (1963:86), but usually treated as a full species; see Ansell (1972:26).Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 377-414 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 403, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.735918
Technologies for a low-carbon electricity system: An assessment of the UK's technological issues and options
No full text
A rejoinder to Michael Grubb, Annela Anger-Kraavi, Igor Bashmakov and Richard Wood
No full textEconomics of Technology and Innovatio
Tragulus napu
No full textTragulus napu (F. Cuvier, 1822). In E. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 2, 4(37):4 pp. "Chevrotain napu". TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, S Sumatra. DISTRIBUTION: Indochina, Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Balabac Isl (Philippines), Sumatra, many adjacent islands. SYNONYMS: abjectus, abruptus, amoenus, anambensis, annae, bancanus, banguei, batuanus, billitonus, borneanus, bunguranensis, canescens, flavicollis, formosus, hendersoni, jugularis, lutescens, neubronneri, niasis, nigricans, nigricollis, nigrocinctus, parallelus, perflavus, pretiellus, pretiosus, rufulus, sebucus, siantanicus, stanleyanus, terutus, umbrinus, versicolor. COMMENTS: In older literature, mistakenly given the name T. javanicus; see Van Bemmel (1949b).Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 377-414 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 383, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.735918
Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus 1758
No full textCamelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:65. TYPE LOCALITY: "Africa," deserts of Libya and Arabia (domesticated stock). DISTRIBUTION: Extinct in the wild; first domesticated about 4,000 yr BP from wild populations which had become restricted to the S Arabian Peninsula; domesticated from Senegal and Mauritania to Somalia and Kenya, throughout N Africa, the Middle East, Arabia, and Iran to NW India; feral populations in Australia. COMMENTS: Produces fertile hybrids with bactrianus (see comments therein). Bohlken (1961) considered dromedarius a synonym of bactrianus. Reviewed by Köhler-Rollefson (1991, Mammalian Species, 375). Biology reviewed by Gauthier-Pilters and Innis Dagg (1981). For history of domestication, see R. T. Wilson (1984).Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 377-414 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 381, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.735918
Tragulus javanicus
No full textTragulus javanicus (Osbeck, 1765). Reise nach Ostindien und China, p. 357. TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W Java, Udjon Kulon Peninsula. DISTRIBUTION: Indochina, Thailand, Yunnan (China), Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, many adjacent islands. SYNONYMS: affinis, angustiae, brevipes, carimatae, everetti, focalinus, fulvicollis, fulviventer, fuscatus, hosei; indicus Brisson, 1765 (not available); insularis, kanchil, klossi, lampensis, lancavensis, longipes, luteicollis, masae, mergatus, natunae, pallidus, pelandoc, penangensis, pidonis, pierrei, pinius, pumilus, ravulus, ravus, rubeus, russeus, russulus, subrufus, virgicollis, williamsoni. COMMENTS: In older literature, known as T. kanchil; see Van Bemmel (1949b).Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 377-414 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 382, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.735918
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