293 research outputs found
CD4 T cells as targets for the cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay: A study of enhancers of HIV-1 infection in the target cell preparation.
No full textMy objective was to establish the conditions necessary to measure cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. The approach was to clone peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-1\sp+ asymptomatic patients to obtain CD8\sp+ clones and test these cells against autologous CD4\sp+ T lymphoblasts. I also tested the following enhancers of viral infectivity: DEAE-Dextran (DD), Polybrene and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF) in normal T cells and HUT-78 cells and found that DD greatly increases infection when used as pretreatment and during infection at 10 g/ml. Polybrene (2.5-5 g/ml) also increases infection when used as pretreatment and during infection but not as much as DD. It proved to be less toxic than DD and would be useful when a slow, less acute infection is desired. The effect of TNF at 5 ng/ml was not noticeable in normal T cells the first few days after the infection but the infection increased six or seven days later. TNF did not have any significant effect on the HUT-78 cell line. The improved infection protocol with the use of enhancers will be useful in the production and maintenance of high titer virus stocks in the laboratory and in the infection of sensitive target cells for CTL assays. (Abstract shortened by UMI.
CD4 T cells as targets for the cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay: A study of enhancers of HIV-1 infection in the target cell preparation.
No full textMy objective was to establish the conditions necessary to measure cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. The approach was to clone peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-1\sp+ asymptomatic patients to obtain CD8\sp+ clones and test these cells against autologous CD4\sp+ T lymphoblasts. I also tested the following enhancers of viral infectivity: DEAE-Dextran (DD), Polybrene and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF) in normal T cells and HUT-78 cells and found that DD greatly increases infection when used as pretreatment and during infection at 10 g/ml. Polybrene (2.5-5 g/ml) also increases infection when used as pretreatment and during infection but not as much as DD. It proved to be less toxic than DD and would be useful when a slow, less acute infection is desired. The effect of TNF at 5 ng/ml was not noticeable in normal T cells the first few days after the infection but the infection increased six or seven days later. TNF did not have any significant effect on the HUT-78 cell line. The improved infection protocol with the use of enhancers will be useful in the production and maintenance of high titer virus stocks in the laboratory and in the infection of sensitive target cells for CTL assays. (Abstract shortened by UMI.
The effect of one valence electron: Contrasting (PNP)Ni(CO) with (PNP)Ni(NO) to understand the half-bent NINO unit
No full textReaction of a (PNP)Ni radical with NO finishes in the time of mixing to form a 1:1 adduct with a NO stretching frequency of 1654 cm(-1). NMR data of this diamagnetic product indicate C-2v symmetry, which is contradicted by the X-ray structure, which shows it to be nonplanar at Ni, with a geometry intermediate between planar and tetrahedral; the planar geometry is thus the transition state for fluxionality giving time-averaged C, symmetry. The X-ray structure, together with DFT calculations, reveals that the "half-bent" NiNO unit and the intermediate coordination geometry result from a Ni NO charge transfer, which has a nonintegral value, resulting in a continuum between NO+ (hence Ni-0) and NO- (hence Ni-II). This is related to the nonaxially symmetric character of the Ni -> NO back-donation caused by the (PNP) environment on Ni. Steric effects of Bu-t and even chelate constraints are ruled out as the cause of the unusual electronic and structural features
Consumer Interest and Marketing Potential of Information on Fish Labels
No full textFood labels are an important source of information to consumers. However, little scientific evidence is available on the type of information consumers seek on product labels and how consumers use food labels. The objective of this study is to assess consumers’ use of mandatory information cues and interest in potential information cues placed on fish labels, packages or shelves in five European countries. A cross-sectional consumer survey was carried out in November-December 2004 in five European countries: Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain and a sample representative for age and region within each country has been obtained. Total sample size is 4,786. The results show a high use of on-label information cues; hence, labels were found as good, and potentially market effective sources of information. Consumers were most familiar with expiry date, price, species name and weight and they felt able to derive clear quality expectations from the information these cues convey. Consumers displayed the strongest interest in an additional information cues, such as safety guarantee and a quality mark for seafood. Cross-country differences in both use and interest in fish information cues were observed.consumer, fish, label, Consumer/Household Economics, Marketing,
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18 years of restoration on Codornices Creek
No full textMany restoration projects have taken place on Codornices Creek. This paper briefly compares Codornices Creek to Alameda Creek, another creek found in the East Bay area, to demonstrate that Codornices Creek is very well funded, even though it is a considerably smaller and less important creek than Alameda Creek. It then chronologically documents the goals, funding, and monitoring status of the known projects that have taken place on Codornices Creek. Through this study, the author is able to show that the scope of restoration projects occurring in the Codornices watershed have changed over time and have become increasingly complex and comprehensive and also that as projects are completed successfully, greater funding and support will follow
Technological Innovation in a College
No full textThe purpose of this case study was to understand the issues and factors involved in the implementation of a technological innovation in an institution of higher education. The business office of a four-year college attempted to replace a by-hand paper requisition entry process with an online process without the assistance of the information technology department. The initial implementation in 2004 was stopped and a consultant, the author, was engaged to investigate and develop recommendations to modify the implementation. Archival information consisting of reports, meeting minutes, participant-observation field notes and interview and survey results were used to review the implementation process. The college has purchased two online requisition systems for online requisitions and pilot tested a third online requisition system during the summer of 2006 through 2007 in three departments. The online requisition system is seen as the gateway for the college into e-commerce.</p
Boxing Polio Benefit (T & T) Gene Fullmer -Shot 3
No full textPhotograph taken by Salt Lake Tribune staf
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