9 research outputs found
CorMem digital reasoning architecture using CMOS Technology
Get PDF”This dissertation describes the application of a multi-level, memory-based approach for building digital circuits. To reflect the alternative approach, the basic science is termed digital reasoning and the specific CorMem technology is based on recent patents. CMOS transistors are used in a non-traditional way for multi-level operations and memory manipulation. The combination of multi-level architectures and matrix algebra principles can create flexible, modular systems using standard fabrication methods and can avoid many of the limitations of other multi-valued logic approaches.
Quaternary, memory-based systems are developed to implement logic-gate-type functions, digital adder circuits, a complete arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), quaternary-to-binary and binary-to-quaternary circuits, and ALU control circuits. All of these implementations use driver and array architectures using CMOS TSMC 130 micron technology. The circuit layouts and functional simulations are given and are compared to binary circuits with comparable functionality. Experimental performance of a hardware AND chip is also demonstrated including excellent signal discrimination. The digital reasoning approach requires more chip area for basic logic gate functionality, but it grows increasingly efficient for more complex systems through hardware reuse. Potential quaternary advantages include fewer interconnections, lesser area requirements, and lower power consumption”--Abstract, page iii
Design and implementation of an asynchronous NULL Convention Logic (NCL) FPGA
Get PDFThis Master’s thesis outlines the design of a completely asynchronous Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for implementing NULL Convention Logic (NCL) digital circuits. The proposed design uses four Configurable Logic Blocks (CLB), each of which in turn is designed using four Logic Elements (LE) to implement NCL logic function. Each LE can be configured to function as any one of the 27 fundamental NCL gates. A Logic Element is designed by concatenating a Look-Up-Table (LUT) with a pull-up pull-down transistor chain and a hysteresis loop. The interconnections and the switch box are designed using pass transistors and SRAM. In this thesis, a 4-input Look- Up Table (LUT) based 16-gate FPGA specifically for NCL circuits was designed and successfully programmed as a dual-rail non-pipelined 4-bit NCL register. The design was first created using the schematic capture, followed by layout or the physical level designs subsequent to successful simulation. The NCL FPGA is simulated at the transistor level using the 1,8V, 180nm TSMC CMOS process.
The size of FPGAs is now more than 1 million equivalent gates, making them a viable alternative to custom design for all but the most complex processors. FPGAs are relatively low-cost and are reconfigurable, making them perfect for prototyping, as well as implementing the final design, especially for low volume production. To compete with this cheap, reconfigurable synchronous implementation, an NCL-specific FPGA is needed, such that NCL circuits can be implemented without necessitating a prohibitively expensive full-custom design --Abstract, page iii
Multi-level, Memory-based Logic using CMOS Technology
No full textA memory-based approach is described for performing basic logic gate functions. CMOS transistors are used in a non-traditional way for multi-level operations and memory manipulation. Sense amplifier circuits drive an array of pass amplifiers in which memory values are set by reference connections. The combination of multi-level architectures and matrix algebra principles can create flexible, modular systems using standard fabrication methods. Logic gate functions of AND, OR, NAND, and NOR are implemented in quaternary, memory-based architectures. The circuit layouts and functional simulations are given and are compared to those of similar binary circuits. Experimental performance of a hardware AND chip is also demonstrated. The approach requires more chip area for basic logic gates, but it grows increasingly efficient for more complex systems through hardware reuse. The benefits and feasibility of more complex applications are discussed
Morphological Operations and Histogram Analysis of SEM Images using Python
No full text796-800Characterization of any Material / Element requires SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis. Images captured
from SEM are further considered for analysing the Morphology, structure of the material. Due to non-conduction or any
technical issues, the image captured may not be accurate for analysis. If the image is accurate also morphological operations
can’t be performed. In this paper, SEM images are processed to study the histogram analysis for equalizing the image,
morphological operations via. Erosion, Dilation etc using Python programming
Evaluation of perioperative complications in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: An observational analysis with clinical implications
Get PDFBackground: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) poses significant perioperative risks, yet limited research exists to quantify these complications.
Aims and Objectives: The study aims to fill this gap by investigating a variety of perioperative complications in OSA patients. The primary objective was to assess the types and prevalence of perioperative complications across diverse surgical procedures.
Materials and Methods: A cohort of 100 OSA patients undergoing different surgical interventions was monitored prospectively. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, independent t-tests, and logistic regression were employed to evaluate the data.
Results: In this cohort study involving 100 OSA patients, 57% experienced at least one perioperative complication, most commonly postoperative hypoxemia (23%), cardiac events (18%), and delirium (12%). The mean age for those with complications was 56 years, significantly higher than the 52 years for those without complications (P60) were more prone to delirium (P<0.05). Complication severity varied, with 29 mild, 20 moderate, and 8 severe cases requiring an intensive care unit. Diabetes and hypertension emerged as significant predictors, with odds ratios of 2.5 and 2.8, respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study highlights the substantial risk of perioperative complications among OSA patients, especially those with certain pre-existing conditions, older age, or undergoing specific types of surgeries. The findings suggest the need for specialized perioperative care plans for these patients to mitigate the risks
Enhancing the performance experience: application of design concepts of form, space and choreography in Indian dance theatre
Get PDFThe thesis revisits the key concepts of Indian dance based on the contemporary performance space by introducing design as an integral part of Indian dance, addressing these designs as symbolic or suggestive form (natyadharmi) and not as a realistic form (lokadharmi). In doing so, the thesis aims to explore the possibilities of further integrating design in dance so as to enhance performance experiences. The thesis argues that enhancements are a necessary development in order to express Indian dance in such an integrated way as to allow the “essence” of traditional Indian dance, its spirituality, to be maintained and enhanced.
Expounding on theories of reception, to the extent where the performer is also configured as a receiver, the thesis demonstrates how the form and the formless are conceived by the performer and the receiver. The thesis also investigates how space transformation and choreography affect both the dance and the presentation. The thesis therefore emphasises on design as an important component to investigate how performance experience can be enhanced. It is conceived as a metaphor that develops ideas in dance and how it then creates other possibilities of interactions and communications.
During research, the exploration of design and dance was conducted not only for intellectual inquiry but also to deal with the experience of performances, performers and audiences. To develop a mode of executing Indian dance, the thesis creates a perspective of seeing design and dance as metaphors. The thesis further analyses the concept of symbolic representation in space, time, form and movement, of which the thesis argues, Lord Nataraja as the ideal example of conceptual inspiration.
As a theory of theatricality the thesis argues for the extent to which the value of a performance is enhanced through a shared experience. The experience is enhanced by the multiple design elements integrated within a performance, and directed to induce rasa in both the performer and the audience. Therefore by heightening the performance experience, Indian dance is reflected upon as a spiritual journey enhanced
Sub-cellular internalization and organ specific oral elivery of PABA nanoparticles by side chain variation
Get PDFSub-cellular internalization and organ specific oral elivery of PABA nanoparticles by side chain variation
No full textAbstract Background Organic nanomaterials having specific biological properties play important roles in in vivo delivery and clearance from the live cells. To develop orally deliverable nanomaterials for different biological applications, we have synthesized several fluorescently labelled, self-assembled PABA nanoparticles using possible acid side chain combinations and tested against insect and human cell lines and in vivo animal model. Flurophores attached to nanostructures help in rapid in vivo screening and tracking through complex tissues. The sub-cellular internalization mechanism of the conjugates was determined. A set of physio-chemical parameters of engineered nanoskeletons were also defined that is critical for preferred uptake in multiple organs of live Drosophila. Results The variability of side chains alter size, shape and surface texture of each nanomaterial that lead to differential uptake in human and insect cells and to different internal organs in live Drosophila via energy dependent endocytosis. Our results showed that physical and chemical properties of C-11 and C-16 acid chain are best fitted for delivery to complex organs in Drosophila. However a distinct difference in uptake of same nanoparticle in human and insect cells postulated that different host cell physiology plays a critical role in the uptake mechanism. Conclusions The physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticle produced by variation in the acid side chains that modify size and shape of engineered nanostructure and their interplay with host cell physiology might be the major criteria for their differential uptake to different internal organs.</p
Morphological Operations and Histogram Analysis of SEM Images using Python
Get PDFCharacterization of any Material / Element requires SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis. Images captured from SEM are further considered for analysing the Morphology, structure of the material. Due to non-conduction or any technical issues, the image captured may not be accurate for analysis. If the image is accurate also morphological operations can’t be performed. In this paper, SEM images are processed to study the histogram analysis for equalizing the image, morphological operations via. Erosion, Dilation etc using Python programming
