2,431 research outputs found
Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents with Reference to Road Geometric Features and Traffic Flow Characteristics
No full textRoad infrastructure planning and design is the prime responsibility of
transportation experts for the safe mobility of human and goods traffic. Safer
mobility leading to road safety management is one of the core responsibilities of
policymakers and traffic safety experts. This theme requires a comprehensive
road safety management system to technically monitor, analyse, and improve the
safety level of road networks backed with the financial supportive mechanism by
policymakers. This research focuses on the development and analysis of the
relationship between road infrastructure development and safety performance of
road network system. Road systems in different countries are classified and
managed at different administrative levels i.e., motorways/freeways (federal
level), expressways/highways (provincial/state level), major arterial/district roads
(district levels) and collectors/local roads/streets (municipal level). Policy
development, resource allocation, and safety management are also performed at
these administrative levels separately. To analyse the road safety performance of
motorways, a comprehensive two-stage framework has been purposed. In the
first section, a composite road safety risk index (RSRI) has been developed
considering variables like the number of road accidents, the number of
fatalities/injuries, volume/capacity, vehicles kilometres travelled, and vehicles
hours travelled using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the risk
performance of road safety level of motorways. In the second section, the major
contributing factors were analysed to review the policymaking concerning
infrastructure engineering using different data mining techniques i.e., Artificial
Neural Networks (ANNs) and Decision Tree (DT), etc. Considering the examples
from two major regions i.e., Europe and Asia, motorways of two countries have
been considered to implement and analyse the methodology. From the European
region, motorways of Belgium (E-313 & E-314) have been selected to study the
application of the methodology. Similarly, from the Asian region, the motorway of
Pakistan (M-2) has been selected for the same purpose. The generated output
also helped in the development of a straight-line Geographical Information System
(GIS) based map to visualize the risk level of motorway sections. So, this
methodology also helped in studying the impact of different road traffic characteristics (i.e., traffic flow, speed) and geometric design features (i.e.,
horizontal, and vertical curve) on the calculated road safety risk index. A budget
distribution mechanism was also discussed to prioritize the allocation and
utilization for road safety improvement. Furthermore, the proposed methodology
was also tested for comparative analysis of Asian and European countries with a
perspective of a road safety engineer. This study has been conducted considering
road traffic fatalities with references to population and registered vehicles. The
relationship between DEA-based calculated risk regarding Speed limits (kph) for
rural and motorways, speed law enforcement, funding in the national budget for
road safety, population, and registered vehicles have been investigated. A
statistical relationship was observed between road safety risk and factors
influencing risk value. It showed that motorway speed limit (kph), road safety
funding in the national budget, and enforcement of speed law are three key
factors, which should be targeted during road safety policy improvement and
infrastructure development. Overall, this research can be utilized to study the road
safety situation at all administrative levels of road network systems. This research
will not only help in meaningful accident data analysis for transportation engineers
but will also help policymakers in better budget allocation and road safety
management.Planning en ontwerp van wegeninfrastructuur is de eerste verantwoordelijkheid
van vervoersdeskundigen voor een veilige mobiliteit van mensen en goederen.
Een veiliger mobiliteit die leidt tot verkeersveiligheidsbeheer is een van de
kernverantwoordelijkheden van beleidsmakers en
verkeersveiligheidsdeskundigen. Dit thema vereist een uitgebreid systeem voor
het beheer van de verkeersveiligheid om het veiligheidsniveau van de
wegennetten technisch te controleren, te analyseren en te verbeteren,
ondersteund door een financieel ondersteunend mechanisme van de
beleidsmakers. Dit onderzoek richt zich op de ontwikkeling en analyse van het
verband tussen de ontwikkeling van de wegeninfrastructuur en de
veiligheidsprestaties van het wegennet. In verschillende landen worden de
wegennetten ingedeeld in categorieën en beheerd op verschillende
administratieve niveaus. Beleidsontwikkeling, toewijzing van middelen en
veiligheidsbeheer vinden ook op deze bestuurlijke niveaus afzonderlijk plaats.
Om de verkeersveiligheidsprestaties van snelwegen te analyseren is een
uitgebreid kader in twee fasen opgesteld. In het eerste deel is een samengestelde
verkeersveiligheidsrisico-index (RSRI) ontwikkeld op basis van variabelen zoals
het aantal verkeersongevallen, het aantal doden/gewonden, volume/capaciteit,
afgelegde voertuigkilometers en afgelegde voertuiguren met behulp van Data
Envelopment Analysis (DEA) om de risicoprestaties van het
verkeersveiligheidsniveau van snelwegen te evalueren. In het tweede deel werden
de belangrijkste bijdragende factoren geanalyseerd om de beleidsvorming inzake
infrastructuurtechniek te herzien met behulp van verschillende
dataminingtechnieken, zoals kunstmatige neurale netwerken (ANN's) en
beslisboom (DT), enz. Aan de hand van voorbeelden uit twee grote regio's,
namelijk Europa en Azië, zijn snelwegen van twee landen in aanmerking genomen
om de methode toe te passen en te analyseren. Uit de Europese regio zijn
snelwegen in België (E313 & E314) geselecteerd om de toepassing van de
methodologie te bestuderen. In Azië is voor hetzelfde doel de Pakistaanse snelweg
(M-2) geselecteerd. De gegenereerde output hielp ook bij de ontwikkeling van een kaart op basis van een geografisch informatiesysteem (GIS) om het risiconiveau
van snelwegtrajecten te visualiseren. Deze methodologie hielp dus ook bij het
bestuderen van de impact van verschillende verkeerskenmerken (d.w.z.
verkeersstroom, snelheid) en geometrische ontwerpkenmerken (d.w.z.
horizontaal en verticaal verloop) op de berekende verkeersveiligheidsrisico-index.
Er werd ook een mechanisme voor budgetverdeling ontwikkeld om de toewijzing
en het gebruik voor de verbetering van de verkeersveiligheid te prioriteren.
Bovendien werd de voorgestelde methodologie ook getest voor een vergelijkende
analyse van Aziatische en Europese landen vanuit het perspectief van een
verkeersveiligheidsingenieur.
Deze studie is uitgevoerd met betrekking tot verkeersdoden met verwijzing naar
bevolking en geregistreerde voertuigen. De relatie tussen het op DEA gebaseerde
berekende risico met betrekking tot snelheidslimieten (km/u) voor landelijke en
autosnelwegen, handhaving van de snelheidswetgeving, financiering in de
nationale begroting voor verkeersveiligheid, bevolking en geregistreerde
voertuigen is onderzocht. Er werd een statistisch verband vastgesteld tussen het
verkeersveiligheidsrisico en de factoren die de risicowaarde beïnvloeden. Hieruit
bleek dat de maximumsnelheid op snelwegen (km/u), de financiering voor
verkeersveiligheid in de nationale begroting en de handhaving van de
snelheidswetgeving drie sleutelfactoren zijn waarop men zich moet richten bij de
verbetering van het verkeersveiligheidsbeleid en de ontwikkeling van
infrastructuur.
In het algemeen kan dit onderzoek worden gebruikt om de
verkeersveiligheidssituatie op alle administratieve niveaus van het wegennet te
bestuderen. Dit onderzoek zal niet alleen bijdragen tot een zinvolle analyse van
ongevallengegevens voor transportingenieurs, maar zal ook beleidsmakers helpen
bij een betere toewijzing van het budget en een beter beheer van de
verkeersveiligheid
Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents with Reference to Road Geometric Features and Traffic Flow Characteristics
No full textRoad infrastructure planning and design is the prime responsibility of
transportation experts for the safe mobility of human and goods traffic. Safer
mobility leading to road safety management is one of the core responsibilities of
policymakers and traffic safety experts. This theme requires a comprehensive
road safety management system to technically monitor, analyse, and improve the
safety level of road networks backed with the financial supportive mechanism by
policymakers. This research focuses on the development and analysis of the
relationship between road infrastructure development and safety performance of
road network system. Road systems in different countries are classified and
managed at different administrative levels i.e., motorways/freeways (federal
level), expressways/highways (provincial/state level), major arterial/district roads
(district levels) and collectors/local roads/streets (municipal level). Policy
development, resource allocation, and safety management are also performed at
these administrative levels separately. To analyse the road safety performance of
motorways, a comprehensive two-stage framework has been purposed. In the
first section, a composite road safety risk index (RSRI) has been developed
considering variables like the number of road accidents, the number of
fatalities/injuries, volume/capacity, vehicles kilometres travelled, and vehicles
hours travelled using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the risk
performance of road safety level of motorways. In the second section, the major
contributing factors were analysed to review the policymaking concerning
infrastructure engineering using different data mining techniques i.e., Artificial
Neural Networks (ANNs) and Decision Tree (DT), etc. Considering the examples
from two major regions i.e., Europe and Asia, motorways of two countries have
been considered to implement and analyse the methodology. From the European
region, motorways of Belgium (E-313 & E-314) have been selected to study the
application of the methodology. Similarly, from the Asian region, the motorway of
Pakistan (M-2) has been selected for the same purpose. The generated output
also helped in the development of a straight-line Geographical Information System
(GIS) based map to visualize the risk level of motorway sections. So, this
methodology also helped in studying the impact of different road traffic characteristics (i.e., traffic flow, speed) and geometric design features (i.e.,
horizontal, and vertical curve) on the calculated road safety risk index. A budget
distribution mechanism was also discussed to prioritize the allocation and
utilization for road safety improvement. Furthermore, the proposed methodology
was also tested for comparative analysis of Asian and European countries with a
perspective of a road safety engineer. This study has been conducted considering
road traffic fatalities with references to population and registered vehicles. The
relationship between DEA-based calculated risk regarding Speed limits (kph) for
rural and motorways, speed law enforcement, funding in the national budget for
road safety, population, and registered vehicles have been investigated. A
statistical relationship was observed between road safety risk and factors
influencing risk value. It showed that motorway speed limit (kph), road safety
funding in the national budget, and enforcement of speed law are three key
factors, which should be targeted during road safety policy improvement and
infrastructure development. Overall, this research can be utilized to study the road
safety situation at all administrative levels of road network systems. This research
will not only help in meaningful accident data analysis for transportation engineers
but will also help policymakers in better budget allocation and road safety
management.Planning en ontwerp van wegeninfrastructuur is de eerste verantwoordelijkheid
van vervoersdeskundigen voor een veilige mobiliteit van mensen en goederen.
Een veiliger mobiliteit die leidt tot verkeersveiligheidsbeheer is een van de
kernverantwoordelijkheden van beleidsmakers en
verkeersveiligheidsdeskundigen. Dit thema vereist een uitgebreid systeem voor
het beheer van de verkeersveiligheid om het veiligheidsniveau van de
wegennetten technisch te controleren, te analyseren en te verbeteren,
ondersteund door een financieel ondersteunend mechanisme van de
beleidsmakers. Dit onderzoek richt zich op de ontwikkeling en analyse van het
verband tussen de ontwikkeling van de wegeninfrastructuur en de
veiligheidsprestaties van het wegennet. In verschillende landen worden de
wegennetten ingedeeld in categorieën en beheerd op verschillende
administratieve niveaus. Beleidsontwikkeling, toewijzing van middelen en
veiligheidsbeheer vinden ook op deze bestuurlijke niveaus afzonderlijk plaats.
Om de verkeersveiligheidsprestaties van snelwegen te analyseren is een
uitgebreid kader in twee fasen opgesteld. In het eerste deel is een samengestelde
verkeersveiligheidsrisico-index (RSRI) ontwikkeld op basis van variabelen zoals
het aantal verkeersongevallen, het aantal doden/gewonden, volume/capaciteit,
afgelegde voertuigkilometers en afgelegde voertuiguren met behulp van Data
Envelopment Analysis (DEA) om de risicoprestaties van het
verkeersveiligheidsniveau van snelwegen te evalueren. In het tweede deel werden
de belangrijkste bijdragende factoren geanalyseerd om de beleidsvorming inzake
infrastructuurtechniek te herzien met behulp van verschillende
dataminingtechnieken, zoals kunstmatige neurale netwerken (ANN's) en
beslisboom (DT), enz. Aan de hand van voorbeelden uit twee grote regio's,
namelijk Europa en Azië, zijn snelwegen van twee landen in aanmerking genomen
om de methode toe te passen en te analyseren. Uit de Europese regio zijn
snelwegen in België (E313 & E314) geselecteerd om de toepassing van de
methodologie te bestuderen. In Azië is voor hetzelfde doel de Pakistaanse snelweg
(M-2) geselecteerd. De gegenereerde output hielp ook bij de ontwikkeling van een kaart op basis van een geografisch informatiesysteem (GIS) om het risiconiveau
van snelwegtrajecten te visualiseren. Deze methodologie hielp dus ook bij het
bestuderen van de impact van verschillende verkeerskenmerken (d.w.z.
verkeersstroom, snelheid) en geometrische ontwerpkenmerken (d.w.z.
horizontaal en verticaal verloop) op de berekende verkeersveiligheidsrisico-index.
Er werd ook een mechanisme voor budgetverdeling ontwikkeld om de toewijzing
en het gebruik voor de verbetering van de verkeersveiligheid te prioriteren.
Bovendien werd de voorgestelde methodologie ook getest voor een vergelijkende
analyse van Aziatische en Europese landen vanuit het perspectief van een
verkeersveiligheidsingenieur.
Deze studie is uitgevoerd met betrekking tot verkeersdoden met verwijzing naar
bevolking en geregistreerde voertuigen. De relatie tussen het op DEA gebaseerde
berekende risico met betrekking tot snelheidslimieten (km/u) voor landelijke en
autosnelwegen, handhaving van de snelheidswetgeving, financiering in de
nationale begroting voor verkeersveiligheid, bevolking en geregistreerde
voertuigen is onderzocht. Er werd een statistisch verband vastgesteld tussen het
verkeersveiligheidsrisico en de factoren die de risicowaarde beïnvloeden. Hieruit
bleek dat de maximumsnelheid op snelwegen (km/u), de financiering voor
verkeersveiligheid in de nationale begroting en de handhaving van de
snelheidswetgeving drie sleutelfactoren zijn waarop men zich moet richten bij de
verbetering van het verkeersveiligheidsbeleid en de ontwikkeling van
infrastructuur.
In het algemeen kan dit onderzoek worden gebruikt om de
verkeersveiligheidssituatie op alle administratieve niveaus van het wegennet te
bestuderen. Dit onderzoek zal niet alleen bijdragen tot een zinvolle analyse van
ongevallengegevens voor transportingenieurs, maar zal ook beleidsmakers helpen
bij een betere toewijzing van het budget en een beter beheer van de
verkeersveiligheid
Sustainable Development of Innovative Green Construction Materials: A Study for Economical Eco-Friendly Recycled Aggregate Based Geopolymer Concrete
No full textGreen revolution and high carbon footprint concepts have attracted the development of a green and sustainable environment. This work endeavors to investigate the behavior of recycled aggregate geopolymer concrete (RAGC) developed with four different types of effluents to develop sustainability in the construction industry and to produce an eco-friendly environment. Each of the types of effluents was used by completely replacing the freshwater in RAGC to examine its influence on compressive strength (CS), chloride ion migration (CIM), split tensile strength (STS), and resistance to the sulfuric acid attack of RAGC at various testing ages. The test outputs portray that the effluent obtained from the textile mill performed well for the CS (25% higher than the control mix) and STS (17% higher than the control mix) of RAGC. Similarly, the highest mass loss of RAGC due to the acid attack (41% higher than control mix) and the highest CIM (29% higher than control mix) were represented by the RAGC mix made with effluent obtained from fertilizer mill. The statistical analysis indicated no significant influence of using textile mill effluent (TE), fertilizer mill effluent (FE), and sugar mill effluent (SE) on the STS, CIM, and mass loss due to acid attack while it presented a significant influence on the CS of various mixes. Therefore, this investigation solidly substantiates the acceptability of studied types of effluents for the fabrication of eco-friendly green materials
Performance evaluation of road pavement green concrete : an application of advance decision-making approach before life cycle assessment
No full textRigid pavement structures are one of the costly components of the infrastructure development process. It consumes a huge quantity of ingredients necessary for concrete development. Hence, a newly introduced concept of circular economy in combination with waste management was introduced to solve this problem. In this study, three waste products (rice husk ash (RHA), wood sawdust (WSD), and processes waste tea (PWT)) was utilized to develop the concrete for rigid pavement structures by replacing the sand, i.e., a filler material at different percentages. During the testing procedure of compressive (CS), tensile (TS), and flexural strength (FS) properties, RHA and WSD at 5% replacement were found to be a good replacement of sand to develop required concrete. This study will help in the production of eco-friendly rigid pavement structures and a pathway of life cycle assessment in the future
Compaction performance analysis of alum sludge waste modified soil
No full textSustainable construction is one of the ultimate requirements of the engineering field. Addition of waste materials not only contribute to the improvement of the density of soils but also help in the enhancement of its strength properties. In the field, compaction is achieved by compactors and rollers, which consumes a lot of energy for this purpose. In this study, two methods related to compaction energy have been applied to study the relation of compaction energy with the strength of soil before and after addition of alum sludge as a soil stabilizer. An advanced Artificial Neural Networks (ANN5) technique has been applied with reference to the addition of alum sludge percentage, plasticity index, specific gravity, optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, AASHTO classification, USCS classification, and group index. It was found that soil strength can be improved even at a low compaction energy level of 600KN-m/m(3) by the addition of optimum percentage of 8% alum sludge as a soil stabilizer. So, roller compaction effort can also be reduced by addition of this soil stabilizer to save compaction cost i.e. saving of roller fuel consumption and rental cost as well. This study will not only help in environment-friendly construction but will also manage finance by utilization of optimum compaction energy in the mega projects.Shah, SAR (reprint author), Pakistan Inst Engn & Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Khanewal Rd, Multan 60000, Pakistan.
[email protected]
Sustainable Transportation and Policy Development: A Study for Impact Analysis of Mobility Patterns and Neighborhood Assessment of Walking Behavior
No full textSince rapid growth and car-oriented patterns became a global threat and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) levels are advancing, strategies to redesign the built environment into healthier spaces have gained importance. Walkability plays a central role in this context. However, the literature is dominated by studies from western industrialized countries. In this paper, we employed structural equational modeling to analyze perceptual data collected from different neighborhoods of Muscat. We compared the responses regarding environmental attributes to the frequency of walking for transport. We found that land use mix combined with low residential density are the factors that have the highest impact on pedestrian activity. Conversely, the estimates of the pedestrian infrastructure were surprisingly low, suggesting that, in car dominant societies, walking perceptions are affected by drivers’ perspectives.sponsorship: This research was funded by the GUTech internal Seed Grant SGN-18/19-003. (GUTech internal Seed Grant|SGN-18/19-003)status: Published onlin
Road Safety Risk Evaluation Using GIS-Based Data Envelopment Analysis—Artificial Neural Networks Approach
No full textIdentification of the most significant factors for evaluating road risk level is an important question in road safety research, predominantly for decision-making processes. However, model selection for this specific purpose is the most relevant focus in current research. In this paper, we proposed a new methodological approach for road safety risk evaluation, which is a two-stage framework consisting of data envelopment analysis (DEA) in combination with artificial neural networks (ANNs). In the first phase, the risk level of the road segments under study was calculated by applying DEA, and high-risk segments were identified. Then, the ANNs technique was adopted in the second phase, which appears to be a valuable analytical tool for risk prediction. The practical application of DEA-ANN approach within the Geographical Information System (GIS) environment will be an efficient approach for road safety risk analysis
Rain or shine? Forecasting search process performance in exploratory search tasks
No full textMost information retrieval (IR) systems consider relevance, usefulness, and quality of information objects (documents, queries) for evaluation, prediction, and recommendation, often ignoring the underlying search process of information seeking. This may leave out opportunities for making recommendations that analyze the search process and/or recommend alternative search process instead of objects. To overcome this limitation, we investigated whether by analyzing a searcher’s current processes we could forecast his likelihood of achieving a certain level of success with respect to search performance in the future. We propose a machine-learning-based method to dynamically evaluate and predict search performance several time-steps ahead at each given time point of the search process during an exploratory search task. Our prediction method uses a collection of features extracted from expression of information need and coverage of information. For testing, we used log data collected from 4 user studies that included 216 users (96 individuals and 60 pairs). Our results show 80–90% accuracy in prediction depending on the number of time-steps ahead. In effect, the work reported here provides a framework for evaluating search processes during exploratory search tasks and predicting search performance. Importantly, the proposed approach is based on user processes and is independent of any IR system.This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Shah, C., Hendahewa, C. and González-Ibáñez, R. (2015), Rain or shine? Forecasting search process performance in exploratory search tasks. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, which has been published in final form at https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.23484. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.Peer reviewe
Relationship between road traffic features and accidents: An application of two-stage decision-making approach for transportation engineers
No full textIntroduction: An efficient decision-making process is one of the major necessities in the performance analysis of road safety for human safety and budget allocation procedure. Method: During the road safety analysis procedure, data envelopment analysis (DEA) supports policymakers in differentiating between risky and safe segments of a homogeneous highway. Cross risk, an extension of the DEA models, provides more information about risky segments for ranking purpose. After the identification of risky segments, the next goal is to identify those factors that are major contributors in making the segments risky. Results: This research proposes a methodology to analyze road safety performance by using a combination of DEA with the decision tree (DT) technique. The proposed methodology not only provides a facility to identify problematic road segments with the help of DEA but also identifies contributing factors with the help of DT. Practical applications: The application of the proposed model will help the policymakers to identify the major factors contributing to road accidents and to analyze the safety performance of road infrastructure to help allocate the budget during the decision-making process.This research is jointly supported by TITE and IMOB for publication. The authors thank HE-Boong Kwon (USA), one of the pioneers of a similar method, for his valuable guidance
Capturing collabportunities: A method to evaluate collaboration opportunities in information search using pseudocollaboration
No full textIn explicit collaborative search, two or more individuals coordinate their efforts toward a shared goal. Every day, Internet users with similar information needs have the potential to collaborate. However, online search is typically performed in solitude. Existing search systems do not promote explicit collaborations, and collaboration opportunities (collabportunities) are missed. In this article, we describe a method to evaluate the feasibility of transforming these collabportunities into recommendations for explicit collaboration. We developed a technique called pseudocollaboration to evaluate the benefits and costs of collabportunities through simulations. We evaluate the performance of our method using three data sets: (a) data from single users’ search sessions, (b) data with collaborative search sessions between pairs of searchers, and (c) logs from a largescale search engine with search sessions of thousands of searchers. Our results establish when and how collabportunities would significantly help or hinder the search process versus searches conducted individually. The method that we describe has implications for the design and implementation of recommendation systems for explicit collaboration. It also connects system-mediated and user-mediated collaborative search, whereby the system evaluates the likely benefits of collaborating for a search task and helps searchers make more informed decisions on initiating and executing such a collaboration.This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: González-Ibáñez, R., Shah, C. and White, R. W. (2015), Capturing Collabportunities: A method to evaluate collaboration opportunities in information search using pseudocollaboration. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66: 1897–1912, which has been published in final form at https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1002/asi.23288. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.Peer reviewe
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